Energy_Efficient_Solutions_for_FPSO_Applications

Solutions for the Oil & Gas Industry

Energy Efficient Solutions for FPSO Applications

Presentation by Arne SpetalenHead of Global Sales, Topsides Systems

Page 2Innovative and Reliable Solutions for Cleaner Energ y Worldwide

Scope of Presentation

1. Energy Efficient Solutions – What it means to Siemens.

2. Energy Efficient Solution for FPSO’s – Variable Speed Drive (VSD)

3. Mechanical versus Electrical Drive (Case Study)

4. Summary


Energy Efficient Solutions;It all begins with Commitments

Our Vision is to Create Innovative and Reliable Solutions for Cleaner Energy Worldwide

Major R&D investments in Siemens AG

� €3.9 billion in fiscal 2009, or 5.1% of revenue

� 31,800 R&D employees worldwide

� 17,000 software engineers

� 176 R&D locations in over 30 countries around the world

� 7,700 inventions in FY2009

� More than 56,000 active patents

� Our patent position in fiscal 2009: �Germany: No. 2�Europe: No. 2�USA: No. 12


Subsea Power and Processing

Pros / Cons

Significantly lower investment than surface installations

Unmanned facilities – safety for personnel

Reduced environmental impact

Suitable for arctic conditions / hurricane areas

Sound economic arguments

Subsea experience to be built for machinery – reliability subsea to be proven

Selected References

Statoil testing – subsea capable compressor ordered

StatoilHydro – SnoA, COP 8 Control System

Statoil – SnoB, Gas Detection

Norsk Hydro – SnoA, X-tree & Well Control

Saga / Hydro – Snorre B, DIACS

What’s involved?

Production systems moved to sea bed

Now – minimizing topsides

Future – sub sea to beach – no topsides

Operating - subsea transformers, VSD, motor, power distribution

Near future – sub sea compression, process packages


Electric Power on Sea (EPOS)

••EPOS explores the value of stranded gas in areas in areas with nEPOS explores the value of stranded gas in areas in areas with n o or limited gas transport infrastructureo or limited gas transport infrastructure

••EPOS employs commercial plant technologies with ver y low risks rEPOS employs commercial plant technologies with ver y low risks r elated to production and operationelated to production and operation

••It refines It refines ““ lostlost ”” and marginal energy resources and offers a very low environmentand marginal energy resources and offers a very low environment al footprintal footprint


Cable from Shore

Overall Objective Selected References

Removes CO2 obligations from platform operator

Centralised power production reduces overall emissions and increases efficiency

Maintenance costs reduced by removing the GT’s

Increases reliability / availability on platform

Economic case strong for cables to say 100km; study looking at 300km

Statoil FEED - Luva project, North Sea

300km offshore

Involves:

Centralized power plant onshore

Electrical power transmission by HVAC or HVDC technology depending on distance to grid/consumer and power capacity

All electric drives on vessel / platform


Utilization of VSD as an Energy Efficient Solution for FPSO Applications

Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Definition

A VSD regulates the speed and rotational force, or torque output, of an electric motor.

•Significant technology improvement over the last 15 years

•General knowledge about VSD’d have resulted in a larger market share in the offshore market - fixed and floaters

•Wide speed range up to 15.000 rpm

•Currently, VSD’s up to 65 MW are being put in operation

23 MW VSD in Holland23 MW VSD in Holland


Development of Variable Speed Drive Systems

� 4x10 MW starter-helper VSDS

� incl. scheme for export of power

� MV switchgear� Automation� SHELL-

specification

Project TIGA

� 2x65 MW VSDS� 1x32 MW VSDS� as prime movers

of refrigerant � compressors� network analysis� dynamic &

vibration study� full load

performance test

Project Snøhvit/Hammerfest

20022004

order date operational

19992003

20022005

� 4x7,5 MW VSDS

Project OMAN � 2x17 MW starter-helper VSDS

� network analysis� dynamic &

vibration study� full load

performance test

Project SEGAS

19962000

tech

nica

l com

plex

ity &

pow

er r

ange

�


VSD Drive – Key Features

Converter transformer

Adapt the power system voltage to the converter & motor voltageProvide for isolation and the pulse supply systemLimit possible fault current in thyristor circuit

Frequency Converter

Rectify incoming power voltage & frequency to generate a variable output voltage & frequency for the motor

Motor

Induction motor ~2-20MW, to 15,000 rpmSynchronous above ~8MW, to 7000 rpm

.

VSDVSD’’s provides:s provides:••Limited thermal and mechanical stressLimited thermal and mechanical stress

••No measurable tear and weir over timeNo measurable tear and weir over time

••Not sensitive towards frequent starts and loads variationsNot sensitive towards frequent starts and loads variations

••Limited number of moving components Limited number of moving components –– easy to handleeasy to handle

••Suited for 3Suited for 3--5 years continuous operation5 years continuous operation

••Small demand for stocking spare parts (very few required)Small demand for stocking spare parts (very few required)

In Summary:In Summary:

A VSD solution is robust A VSD solution is robust and almost and almost

maintenance freemaintenance free


Mechanical versus Variable Speed Drive; Case Study


Energy Efficient Solutions Specifically for FPSO’s

Selection of drivers for high speed rotating machinery.

Electrical versus mechanical

On what basis is this decision being made?

By the mindset of individuals and/or by what’s regarded as ”company standard”?

Or

By a proper case evaluation where energy efficiency is one of the key criteria for making the

decision?


Commercial Considerations

Gas Turbine Electric VSD

Auxiliary equipment - Air intake, anti-icing and exhaust silencer- Air filtration & Noise enclosure- Fire and gas detection & Fighting- Emission control and regulation- Additional lube oil system- Hydraulic starter- Water-washing system on-/offline- Ventilation for cooling and pressure-preset

- Utility substation- Harmonic Filters- Converter building or module if required

Maintenance Very High Very Low

Scheduled Downtime Approx. 5 days p.a. Approx. 1 day p.a.

Spare Parts High Low

Insurance cost High (Due to fire hazard) Low

Pollution, emissions High “None”

CAPEXCAPEX LowLow HighHigh


Performance Related Considerations

Gas Turbine Electric VSDOutput Power Highly depends on temperature No adjustments for site conditions.

Output power vs speed Almost constant Proportional to speedFull load efficiency < Approx 40 % > 96%

Part load efficiency < low at 70% load Always running at high efficiency

Starting reliability Lower than 100 % Typically 100%Reliability Medium HighAvailability Medium HighRestart after forced shut-down (trip) Typically about 2 hours Immediately

Speed control range Limited speed range Less limitationSpeed control accuracy High HighDesign flexibility Low HighStarting time Medium Short (seconds)Load assumption Approx. 15 min. after successful start Instantaneous after switch-on, but limited

to compressor

Influence on power supply None Depends on char. of grid. Harmonic study required

Dynamic braking Impossible StandardRun out by power failure Short time to stop Longer time (motor inertia), requires

more oil


Summary of Evaluation Criteria

Impact of ambient conditions

Operational flexibility **CAPEX*

Availability / Reliability

Interfaces / hook up

Starting reliability/

# starts allowed

Speed control range / part

load efficiency

*CAPEX – based on multiple GTGs and comps

** When moving from one field to another – ease of a daptation with existing VSD drives

OPEX

Weight / footprint Start up time


Case Study: Mechanical versus Electrical Drives

Traditional concept using gas turbines as compressor drives: In this example your drive configuration on the FPSO appears as follows:

Electrical load, GT rated at 32 degC 19,000 kW (3 x 50%)Compression 2 x 100% LP shaft power 2,200 kW eachCompression 3 x 50% HP shaft power 4,300 kW each

GG

GG

GG

PG: 3 x 13 MW ISO (n+1) LP: 2 x 3.1 MW ISO HP: 3 x 6.0 MW ISO

Total installed gas Total installed gas turbine power:turbine power:

63,2 MW63,2 MW


Case Study: Mechanical versus Electrical Drives

Here, the gas turbine drives are replaced by VSD’s:Power Generation 19,000 kW 19,000Power for LP Compression (2x100%) 2,200 kW each 2,200Power for HP Compression (3x50%) 4,300 kW each 8,600

Σ 29,800 kW

MM

MMGGGGGG GG

MM

MMMM

PG: 4 x 13 MW ISO (n+1)

LP: 2 x 2.4 MW drives HP: 3 x 4.7 MW drive

Total installed gas Total installed gas turbine power:turbine power:

52 MW52 MW


Summary of Example

Initial concept:

Alternative concept:

MMMMMM

GGGGGG GG MMMM

GGGGGG

By introducing VSD’s, your total installed gas turbine

duties drops from 63,2 MW to 52 MW.

More importantly, number of gas turbines is reduced by 50% (from eight to four) and we’re only having one

turbine type


Final Word: Why are VSD systems normally the ”looser” when decisions are made ?

Commercial:Commercial:

No secure source of electrical power available at the facility

Lack of offshore references"Unproven equipment“

Psychological:Psychological:2.2.Electrical equipment, high voltage in particular, represent a safety issue for the workersUncertainty regarding the rotor dynamics from an electrically driven shaft

Technical:Technical:3.3.Outside the comfort zone of mechanical personnel when it comes to vibrations and harmonics as applies to VSD systems.

Need for step-up gear for special applications

1.1.

Outside the comfort zone of ops personnel

Lack of competence and skills to evaluate VSD systems and solutions

The procurement policy is focusing entirely on CAPEX, OPEX is not considered important

Focus is on rotating machinery drives alone and not in combination with the power generation plant

If the reasons are not

psychological, then these are the reasons.


Thank you for listening

Power ManagementSystem

Power DistributionWater treatment

Power Generation

Compressor Systems

Control system & Communication(Offshore – Onshore)

VSD

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Energy_Efficient_Solutions_for_FPSO_Applications