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Energy balance
Increasing deficit of energy supply due to energy demand growth and depletion of national resources
Energy mix
27% 72% 39%69%
55%45%
Electricity generation
Final use of gas
Natural gas demand Increasing dependency
to natural gas Gas used mainly for
electricity generation
Primary energy mix
Source : ONE
National productionof Gas
Taxes
Contracts
Algerian Gas
Natural gas resources
A real security supply for natural gas on mid and long term
Source : ONE
• Demand increase : 5% /year• 150 MW/year• Pick load : 11% /year
Electricity demand
Source : STEG
RE
Gas
STIR
STEG
ETAP
Exclusive Importer of NG from Algeria and crude oil (Libya)
Share of the StateTaxes Local market (20% of Prod. at price ‐10%)
Partner of production of petrol & gas
Exclusive Importer of oil products (exlu. Jet a1)
Algerian Gas90,8 D/toe (56$)
Crude≈ 50 D/bbl (31$)
Gas purchasing from local producers
Exportation of oil products ‘non merchants “
Monopoly of gas and electricity distribution
Producer of associated gas LPG from fields
Exportation of crude oil:‐ Share of State‐ Own production
IPP
Monopoly of oil products sale
International price
Fixed prices
Fina
l con
sumer
fixed prices
Distributers
Fixed prices
Ministry of finance
Direct sub.
International price
Ministry of finance
Energy subsidy drivers in Tunisia
Source: DGE
STEG
Algeria
ETAP
Local
prod
ucers
Electricity consumers
Gas consumers
Activ
ity
electricity
Activ
ity
Gas
Italy
Electricity sale
Gas sale
~ 53% of gas needs
~ 47% of gas needs
“Redevance” (taxes)
Importation of additional
gas
Exportation of gas
Prix Inter.
Inter. price 90 DT/toe
Electricity tariff
Gas tariff
~25%
~75%
Inter. price
Electricity subsidy drivers in Tunisia
Source: Alcor
54% 59%32% 38%
14%
24%12%
6% 8%
3%
8%13%
3%6%
12%
‐13% ‐27%‐58% ‐48%
‐71%
‐80%
‐40%
0%
40%
80%
120%Essence Gasoil Fuel oil Pétrole L GPL dGasoline Gasoil Fuel oil Kerosene LPG
Source: DGE 11Direct & indirect Subsidy Margin TaxesEx. refinery
Subsidies of oil products prices
Gas cost: 831D/tepAverage tariff: 310 DT/tepDirect subsidy: ‐521 DT/toeIndirect subsidy: 335 D/toeTotal subsidy: 856 DT/toe
1 $ = 1,6 DT
Subsidy to natural gas in 2012 (for final use)
Source: Débat national
Total cost : 0,260 DT/kWhAverage selling prince : 133 mill/kwhGap: ‐0,127 DT/kWh (Direct subsidy)Indirect subsidy: 0,079 DT/kWhTotal subsidy: 206 mill/kwh
Subsidy electricity in 2012
Source: Débat national
Subvention de l’énergie en MDT(source ministère des Finances)
203
806
1536
2111
2500
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 P
Total direct subsidy to energy sector (MDT)
ETAP STEG STIR Subv. Tot
Source: Débat national14
Direct + indirect subsidies :2012: 2700 MDT (1700 M$)2013: 5400 MDT (3400 M$)
Total subsidy to energy sector : 5400 MDT in 2013, around 10% of GDP
• 43% for oil products,• 41% for electricity,• 16% for natural gas
Total subsidy to energy sector
Source: Débat national
Main reforms
• Revision of the oil code for more transparency• New Law on private electricity generation from RE
Opening of the grid to private sector Feed in Tariff Electricity sector regulation
• Upgrading of Energy Conservation Fund (Energy Transition Fund)
Fund use Fund resources Fund management
Energy subsidy reforms Electricity: better targeting of the “poor”
Energy orientation law (following to national debate en Energy)