ENERGY TRANSFER MEGA PACKET - …mleoneearthsci.weebly.com/.../key_energy_transfer_mega_packet.pdf · ENERGY TRANSFER MEGA PACKET A)condensation B)conduction C)radiation D)convection

ENERGY TRANSFER MEGA PACKET

A) condensation B) conductionC) radiation D) convection

1. Which process is responsible for the greatest loss ofenergy from Earth's surface into space on a clearnight?

A) rough, dark-colored surfaceB) rough, light-colored surfaceC) smooth, dark-colored surfaceD) smooth, light-colored surface

2. Which type of land surface will most likely absorb thegreatest amount of incoming solar radiation?

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effectin which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere

A) black and rough B) black and smoothC) white and rough D) white and smooth

3. The Earth surface that best absorbs short-wave solar radiation has which characteristics?

A) ultraviolet B) visible light C) infrared D) radio waves

4. Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases?

A) ultraviolet B) gamma raysC) visible light D) radio waves

5. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has thelongest wavelength?

A) green B) orangeC) yellow D) red

6. Which color of the visible light spectrum could have awavelength of 5.5 × 10-5 centimeter?


A) ultraviolet B) infraredC) radio waves D) microwaves

7. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has awavelength of 1.0 × 10–3 centimeter?

A) violet B) blueC) green D) yellow

8. Radiation with the wavelength 5.0 ×10–5 centimetersis usually visible as what color?

A) gamma rays B) ultravioletC) infrared D) radio waves

9. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has awavelength of 10–7 meter?

A) gamma B) short waveC) visible light D) infrared

10. Which form of electromagnetic radiation haswavelengths between 10–6 meter and 10–7 meter?

A) 10–10 m B) 10–8 mC) 10–4 m D) 10–2 m

11. What is the approximate wavelength of infraredradiation given off by Earth's surface?

A) ultravioletB) infraredC) FM and TVD) shortwave and AM radio

12. Which form of electromagnetic energy has awavelength of 0.0001 meter?

A) 10–6 m B) 10–4 mC) 106 m D) 108 m

13. The wavelength of visible light is closest to

A)

B)

C)

D)

14. Which diagram best represents the relativewave-lengths of visible light, ultraviolet energy, andinfrared energy?

A) gamma rays B) ultraviolet lightC) visible light D) infrared rays

15. Most of which type of electromagnetic radiation isgiven off by Earth's surface at night?

A) ultraviolet B) gamma raysC) radio waves D) visible light

16. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has theshortest wavelength?

A) infrared B) visibleC) ultraviolet D) x-rays

17. In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum ismost of Earth's outgoing terrestrial radiation?

A) violet B) greenC) yellow D) red

18. Which color of the visible light has the shortest wavelength?

A) ultraviolet rays B) visible lightC) gamma rays D) radio waves

19. Which form of electromagnetic energy has thelongest wavelength?


A) red shiftsB) density currentsC) conductionD) electromagnetic waves

20. Energy is transferred from Barnard's Star to Earthmainly by

A) x ray B) ultravioletC) infrared D) radio wave

21. Most of the solar radiation absorbed by Earth'ssurface is later radiated back into space as whichtype of electromagnetic radiation?

A) infrared radiationB) radio wave radiationC) ultraviolet radiationD) x-ray radiation

22. Which type of electromagnetic energy has thelongest wavelength?

A) B)

C) D)

23. Which graph best represents the relative wavelengths of the different forms of electromagneticenergy?

A) violet B) blueC) yellow D) red

24. Which color of the visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength?


A) light colored and smoothB) light colored and roughC) dark colored and smoothD) dark colored and rough

25. Which type of land surface would probably reflectthe most incoming solar radiation?

A) x-ray radiationB) ultraviolet radiationC) infrared radiationD) microwave radiation

26. Scientists are concerned about the decrease in ozonein the upper atmosphere primarily because ozoneprotects life on Earth by absorbing certainwavelengths of

A) radio wave radiationB) infrared radiationC) visible light radiationD) x-ray radiation

27. Which part of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrumhas the longest wavelength?

A) All types of electromagnetic energy reach Earth's surface.B) Gamma rays and x-rays make up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy reaching Earth's

surface.C) Visible light makes up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy reaching Earth's

surface.D) Ultraviolet and infrared radiation make up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy

reaching Earth's surface.

28. The diagram below shows the types of electromagnetic energy given off by the Sun. The shaded partof the diagram shows the approximate amount of each type actually reaching Earth's surface.

Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram?


A) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visiblelight

B) radio waves, infrared rays, visible light,ultraviolet rays

C) x-rays, infrared rays, blue light, gamma raysD) infrared rays, radio waves, blue light, red light

29. In which list are the forms of electromagnetic energyarranged in order from longest to shortestwavelengths?

A) molecular collisionsB) density currentsC) electromagnetic wavesD) red shifts

30. Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth mainlyby

A) half-life B) temperatureC) wavelength D) wave velocity

31. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet,visible, and infrared radiation?

A) reflection B) refractionC) scattering D) absorption

32. When electromagnetic energy travels from air intowater, the waves are bent due to the densitydifferences between the air and water. This bendingis called


33. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams and graphs below. The diagrams showthe general effect of the Earth's atmosphere on insolation from the Sun at middle latitudes during bothclear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions. The graph shows the percentage of insolation reflected by theEarth's surface at different latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere in winter.

A) visible-light radiation B) infrared radiationC) ultraviolet radiation D) radio-wave radiation

The radiation that passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface has the greatestintensity in the form of


A) AM radio B) infrared raysC) red light D) gamma rays

34. The diagram below shows part of theelectromagnetic spectrum.

Which form of electromagnetic energy shown on thediagram has the lowest frequency and longestwavelength?

A) Violet light has a longer wavelength than redlight.

B) X-rays have a longer wavelength than infraredwaves.

C) Radar waves have a shorter wavelength thanultraviolet rays.

D) Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength thanvisible light.

35. Which statement about electromagnetic energy iscorrect?

A) radioactive decay within the Earth's interiorB) convection currents in the Earth's mantleC) radiation received from the SunD) earthquakes along fault zones

36. Which is the major source of energy for most Earthprocesses?

A) transverse wave propertiesB) the same temperatureC) the same wavelengthD) their own half-life

37. All forms of electromagnetic energy have

A) radiation from the SunB) radioactivity from the Earth's interiorC) heat stored in ocean waterD) heat stored in polar ice caps

38. Which source provides the most energy foratmospheric weather changes?

A) shorter B) longerC) the same

39. Compared to the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation,the wavelength of infrared radiation is

A) It is reflected and scattered as potential energy.B) It is reflected and diffused as ultraviolet

radiation.C) It is absorbed and reflected as light.D) It is absorbed and reradiated as heat.

40. What happens to most of the sunlight that strikes adark-colored area of the Earth's surface?

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

41. As the temperature of an object approaches absolutezero (0º K), the amount of electromagnetic energyradiated by the object will

A) scattered B) absorbedC) reflected D) refracted

42. Changing the shingles on the roof of a house to alighter color will most likely reduce the amount ofsolar energy that is

A) narrow range of wavelengths, with ultravioletradiation having the greatest intensity

B) narrow range of wavelengths, with infraredradiation having the greatest intensity

C) wide range of wavelengths, with visibleradiation having the greatest intensity

D) wide range of wavelengths, with x-ray radiationhaving the greatest intensity

43. The energy radiated from the Sun consists of a

A) insulator from heatB) reflector of heatC) absorber of electromagnetic energyD) refractor of electromagnetic energy

44. An object that is a good radiator of electromagneticwaves is also a good


A) reflector of electromagnetic energyB) refractor of electromagnetic energyC) radiator of electromagnetic energyD) convector of electromagnetic energy

45. An object that is a good absorber of electromagneticenergy is also a good

A) wavelength B) speedC) source D) temperature

46. Infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light are all part ofthe solar spectrum. The basic difference betweenthem is their

A) The infrared radiation given off by the Sunoccurs at a wavelength of 2,000 angstroms.

B) The maximum intensity of radiation givenoff by the Sun occurs in the visible region.

C) The infrared radiation given off by the Sun hasa shorter wavelength than ultraviolet radiation.

D) The electromagnetic energy given off by theSun consists of a single wavelength.

47. The graph below represents the relationship betweenthe intensity and wavelength of the Sun'selectromagnetic radiation.

Which statement is best supported by the graph?

A) The dark-colored surface will reflect lessheat energy.

B) The dark-colored surface will reflect more heatenergy.

C) The dark-colored surface will reflect the sameamount of heat energy.

48. How does the amount of heat energy reflected by asmooth, dark-colored concrete surface compare withthe amount of heat energy reflected by a smooth,light-colored concrete surface?

A) nuclear B) solarC) coal D) natural gas

49. Which of the sources of energy listed below is mostnearly pollution free?

A) melting B) freezingC) vaporization D) condensation

50. Which process releases 334 Joules (J) of energy foreach gram of water?

A) freezing B) meltingC) condensation D) vaporization

51. During which phase change does water release themost heat energy?

A) 2260 joules/gram B) 334 joules/gramC) 4.18 joules/gram D) 2.11 joules/gram

52. When water vapor condenses, how much heat energywill be released into the atmosphere?


A) B)

C) D)

53. The diagram below shows a student heating a pot of water over a fire. The arrows represent thetransfer of heat. Letter A represents heat transfer through the metal pot, B represents heat transfer bycurrents in the water, and C represents heat that is felt in the air surrounding the pot.

Which table correctly identifies the types of heat transfer at A, B, and C?

A) A to B B) A to CC) B to D D) D to C

54. The map below shows four locations in atemperature field. The temperature of each locationis given in degrees Celsius.

Heat energy will normally flow from

A) copper B) leadC) iron D) granite

55. Pieces of lead, copper, iron, and granite, each havinga mass of 1 kilogram and a temperature of 100ºC,were removed from a container of boiling water andallowed to cool under identical conditions. Whichpiece most likely cooled to room temperature first?

A) transformation of energyB) form of pollutionC) chemical changeD) phase change

56. Friction occurring at an interface always produces a


A) reflected by a heat sinkB) refracted by a heat sinkC) scattered by a heat sinkD) absorbed by a heat sink

57. When a heat source loses energy, that energy is

A) water vapor to liquid waterB) liquid water to water vaporC) liquid water to iceD) ice to liquid water

58. The greatest amount of energy would be gained by1,000 grams of water when it changes from

A) Some of the heat energy lost by object B wasgained by object A.

B) Most of the heat energy lost by object A wasgained by the environment.

C) Both objects lost heat energy.D) Both objects gained heat energy.

59. The data table below shows the temperatures of twosimilar objects for 10 minutes after the objects wereplaced near each other.

Which statement is best supported by the data?

A) water to the ice, and the temperature of themixture will drop below 20ºC

B) water to the ice, and the temperature of themixture will rise above 20ºC

C) ice to the water, and the temperature of themixture will drop below 20ºC

D) ice to the water, and the temperature of themixture will rise above 20ºC

60. An insulated cup contains 200 milliliters of water at20ºC. When 100 grams of ice is added to the water,heat energy will most likely flow from the

A) Energy flows out of the system.B) Energy flow is cyclical, so that equilibrium is

never reached.C) Energy flows from energy sinks to energy

sources.D) Energy flows from energy sources to energy

sinks.

61. Which statement best describes the pattern of energyflow in a closed system?

A) Heat flows from the water into the ice.B) Heat flows from the ice into the water.C) A state of equilibrium exists, with neither ice

nor water gaining or losing energy.D) Heat flows equally from the ice and the water

into the surrounding air.

62. Which statement best describes the major heat flowassociated with an iceberg as it drifts south from theArctic Ocean into warmer water?

A) specific heats B) temperaturesC) masses D) densities

63. Heat energy transfer will normally occur betweentwo objects that are close to each other if the objectshave different

A) The air gains more heat energy than the waterloses.

B) The air gains less heat energy than the waterloses.

C) The air gains the same amount of heatenergy that the water loses.

D) No energy is exchanged between the water andthe air.

64. The diagram below shows a sealed container holding250 milliliters of water at 80°C. The air above thewater had an original temperature of 18°C.

Assuming that the container does not transfer heat,which statement most accurately describes theenergy exchanges inside the container?


A) Energy given up by the lake is lost directly toouter space.

B) More energy is gained by the lake than isgained by the air.

C) The temperature of the air remains constant.D) Energy is gained by the air from the lake.

65. As a lake's water temperature decreases on a cloudynight, what occurs at the interface between the lake'ssurface and the air above the lake?

A) The ice cube gains heat and the water losesheat.

B) The ice cube loses heat and the water gainsheat.

C) Both the ice cube and the water gain heat.D) Both the ice cube and the water lose heat.

66. An ice cube is placed in a glass of water at roomtemperature. Which heat exchange occurs betweenthe ice and the water within the first minute?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

67. The diagram below shows temperature values atvarious points in a solid piece of aluminum. Towardwhich point will heat flow from point P?

A) B)

C) D)

68. Which diagram best represents heat transfer mainly by the process of conduction?


A) smooth, shiny, and light coloredB) smooth, shiny, and dark coloredC) rough, dull, and light coloredD) rough, dull, and dark colored

69. Which type of surface absorbs the greatest amountof electromagnetic energy from the Sun?

A) remain unchangedB) decrease by only 5°CC) decrease by approximately 10°CD) increase by approximately 10°C

70. The cross section below shows two compartments ofwater of equal volume insulated by Styrofoam andseparated by a metal dividing wall, forming a closedenergy system.

When the temperature of the water in compartment A decreases by 10°C, the temperature of the water incompartment B will

A) advection B) convectionC) absorption D) conduction

71. What is the primary method of heat transfer throughsolid rock during contact metamorphism?

A) convection B) conductionC) absorption D) advection

72. The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that isbeing heated in a flame.

The primary method of heat transfer in the solid ironbar is

A) conduction B) convectionC) radiation D) sublimation

73. By which process is heat energy transferred whenmolecules within a substance collide?

A) density differencesB) molecular contactC) electromagnetic wavesD) movement through a vacuum

74. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by

A) Heat energy is transferred from the bottom tothe top of a lake.

B) Heat energy is transferred from the surfacesoil to the rocks below.

C) Heat energy is transferred from the Earth'ssurface to the upper atmosphere.

D) Heat energy is transferred from the Sun to theEarth.

75. Which statement is the best example of heat energytransfer by conduction?


A) conduction B) convectionC) radiation D) transpiration

76. Arrows in the diagram below represent the daytimeflow of air over a coastal region.

Which process primarily transfers heat by movingair?

A) conduction between Earth's surface and the atmosphere above itB) condensation of water vapor during the day, and evaporation of water during the nightC) convection resulting from temperature and pressure differences above land and waterD) greater radiation from the warmer ocean during the day and from the warmer land at night

77. The diagram below represents the circulation of air above Earth's surface at a coastal location duringthe day and at night.

This local air movement is best described as an example of

A) conduction B) radiationC) convection D) reflection

78. Heat energy from the lower latitudes is transferred tocolder Earth regions by planetary wind circulationmainly through the process of


A) B)

C) D)

79. The diagram below shows a laboratory box used to demonstrate the process of convection in theatmosphere.

Which diagram has arrows that show the direction of airflow that occurs when the candle is burning?

A) B)

C) D)

80. The air above a burning candle is heated and rises. Which table correctly identifies the type of heattransfer within the rising air and the change in air density above the burning candle?

A) decrease and become closer to the dewpointB) decrease and become farther from the dewpointC) increase and become closer to the dewpointD) increase and become farther from the dewpoint

81. The upward movement of air in the atmospheregenerally causes the temperature of that air to


82. The cross section of a house is shown below. Open stairways allow air to move from one floor toanother. The ridge vent is an opening in the roof that allows air to move in or out of the attic.

During a windless summer day, the air inside this house is warmed by the Sun. In which cross sectiondo the arrows show the most likely air movement when the windows are opened?


A) B)

C) D)


A)

B)

C)

D)

83. On a day with no wind, the air temperature outside ahouse is 10°C. The air temperature inside the housein 18°C. Which diagram best represents the aircirculation pattern that is most likely to occur whena window of the house is first opened?


A)

B)

C)

D)

84. The cross sections below show different patterns of air movement in Earth's atmosphere. Airtemperatures at Earth's surface are indicated in each cross section. Which cross section shows themost likely pattern of air movement in Earth's atmosphere that would result from the surface airtemperatures shown?

A) warm air over the land and cool air over theocean

B) humid air over the land and dry air over theocean

C) low-density air over the land and high-densityair over the ocean

D) high air pressure over the land and low airpressure over the ocean

85. Which atmospheric conditions would cause smokefrom a campfire on a beach to blow toward theocean? A) conduction B) convection

C) radiation D) reflection

86. During which process does heat transfer occurbecause of density differences?


A) B)

C) D)

87. Which diagram shows the normal pattern of watermovement that occurs when density differencestransfer energy within the beakers?

88. Base your answer to the following question on thediagrams below. Diagram I shows a house located inMichigan. Diagram II shows a solar collector that thehomeowner is using to help heat the house.

A) cooler and less denseB) cooler and more denseC) warmer and less denseD) warmer and more dense

Air leaves the outlet of the solar collector becausethe air within the solar collector becomes


Base your answers to questions 89 through 91 on the diagrams below which show the steps used todetermine the amount of heat held by equal masses of iron, copper, lead, and granite.

A) The granite sample had less volume than the other samples.B) The granite sample lost some heat to the air as it was being transferred.C) Water gained heat from the insulated container.D) Water has a lower specific heat than the granite sample.

89. The granite sample is transferred from the boiling water to the room-temperature water. Why is thetotal heat lost by the granite greater than the total heat gained by the room-temperature water?

A) refracted by a heat sink B) reflected by a heat sinkC) absorbed by a heat sink D) scattered by a heat sink

90. This method of determining the amount of heat absorbed by substances assumes that the energy lostby a heat source is

A) radiation waves B) transverse wavesC) conduction collisions D) convection currents

91. The movements of water molecules that transfer heat from one place to another within the water arecalled


A) B)

C) D)

92. Which diagram best represents the direction ofconvection currents around the burning wood of acampfire?

A) The meltwater is a heat source and thesurrounding air is a heat sink.

B) The meltwater and ice cube are both heatsources

C) The ice cube and surrounding air are both heatsources.

D) The ice cube is a heat sink and thesurrounding air is a heat source.

93. The diagram below shows a melting ice cube.

Which statement best describes the energy transfer?

A) differences in density in the waterB) air movement across the surface of the waterC) capillary action within the waterD) the shape of the beaker

94. The diagram below represents a large beaker ofwater being heated to demonstrate convection.

The movement of water upward from A toward B results primarily from

A) B)

C) D)

95. Which diagram correctly indicates why convectioncurrents form in water when water is heated?

A) convection B) conductionC) refraction D) radiation

96. A piece of a plant in a classroom fishtank movedupward and across the tank, away from the waterheater. When the plant reached the other side of thetank, it sank before moving back toward the heater.What type of energy transfer does this movementrepresent?


A) B)

C) D)

97. Water is being heated in a beaker as shown below.

Which drawing shows the most probable movementof water in the beaker due to the heating?

A) convection B) radiationC) absorption D) conduction

98. Which process is primarily responsible for thetransfer of energy by air currents within the Earth'satmosphere?


A) conduction between Earth's surface and the atmosphere above itB) condensation of water vapor during the day, and evaporation of water during the nightC) convection resulting from temperature and pressure differences above land and waterD) greater radiation from the warmer ocean during the day and from the warmer land at night

99. The diagram below represents the circulation of air above Earth's surface at a coastal location duringthe day and at night.

This local air movement is best described as an example of

A)

B)

C)

D)

100. The diagrams below represent a laboratory modelused to demonstrate convection currents. Eachmodel shows a burning candle in a closed box withtwo open tubes at the top of the box. Whichdiagram correctly shows the air flow caused by theburning candle?

A) incoming solar radiationB) subtropical jet streamsC) precipitation from cloudsD) heat from Earth's interior

101. What is the primary source of energy for Earth'sweather systems?

A) ultraviolet rays B) infrared raysC) gamma rays D) x rays

102. Most of the electromagnetic energy radiated fromEarth's surface is in the form of

A) convection B) nuclear fusionC) insolation D) radioactive decay

103. Which process produces the energy that allows thestars of the universe to radiate visible light?

A) radiation B) evaporationC) conduction D) convection

104. Which process transfers energy primarily byelectromagnetic waves?


A) ultraviolet rays B) gamma raysC) visible light rays D) infrared rays

105. During nighttime cooling, most of the energyradiated by Earth’s oceans into space is

A) conduction B) convectionC) solidification D) radiation

106. Which method of energy transfer is primarilyresponsible for energy being lost from Earth intospace?

107. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents four stations, A, B, C, and D, in a laboratory investigation in which equal volumes of sand at the same startingtemperature were heated by identical light sources. The light sources were the same distance fromeach station, but at different angles to the surfaces. Two thermometers were used at each station, onejust above the surface and the other just below the surface. The lights were turned on for 30 minutesand then removed for the next 30 minutes. Temperatures were recorded each minute for the 60minutes.

A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) transpiration

Most of the energy from the light sources was transferred to the sand by the process of

A) conduction B) convectionC) radiation D) compression

108. By which process do light rays pass throughwindow glass?


Base your answers to questions 109 through 111 onthe diagram below. The diagram shows the pattern ofair movement within a closed room.

A) F B) B C) C D) E

109. At which location in the room will the density ofthe air be greatest?

A) insolation B) conductionC) convection D) radiation

110. Which type of energy transfer is indicated by thearrows in the diagram?

A) red B) blackC) green D) silver

111. What color should the heat source in the room bepainted in order to radiate the most heat?

A) Heat energy is transferred from theatmosphere to the water vapor.

B) Heat energy is released from the watervapor into the atmosphere.

C) Heat energy is transferred equally to and fromthe water vapor.

D) No heat energy is exchanged between theatmosphere and the water vapor.

112. Water vapor crystallizes in the atmosphere to formsnowflakes. Which statement best describes theexchange of heat energy during this process?

113. Base your answer to the following question on thegraph below, which shows the temperature increaseof samples of water, granite, iron, and lead. Eachsample has a mass of 100 grams. Each sample wasplaced an equal distance from a light bulb andheated for a 10-minute period. This investigationwas performed at room temperature under ordinaryclassroom conditions.

A) The water received the most energy.B) The lead received the most energy.C) The granite received the most energy.D) All samples received the same amount of

energy.

Which statement best describes the amount ofenergy received by the samples?

A) opening draperies and blindsB) adding insulation in the walls and ceilingC) turning on lights and heat-producing

appliancesD) replacing light-colored roofing materials with

dark-colored ones

114. Which action would help an air-conditioner use lessenergy on a hot, sunny summer day?


A) absorption B) conductionC) convection D) radiation

115. By which process does starlight travel throughspace?

A) visible light B) gamma raysC) infrared D) ultraviolet

116. In which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum isthe maximum intensity of Earth's outgoingradiation?

A) B)

C) D)

117. Which diagram best represents how greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap heat energy?

A) methane B) hydrogenC) oxygen D) nitrogen

118. Which gas is considered a major greenhouse gas?

A) gamma raysB) microwavesC) visible lightD) infrared radiation

119. Evidence supports the idea that increases in carbondioxide and methane in Earth's atmosphere aremajor contributors to global warming. This is basedprimarily on the fact that carbon dioxide andmethane are excellent absorbers of


A) decreased cloud cover, and is predicted to decrease average global temperaturesB) decreased volcanic activity, and is predicted to increase average global temperaturesC) increased use of fossil fuels, and is predicted to increase average global temperaturesD) increased EI Niño activity, and is predicted to decrease average global temperatures

120. The graph below shows changes in carbon dioxide concentrations in Earth's atmosphere over a140-year period. Carbon dioxide concentrations are shown in parts per million (ppm).

This significant change in CO2 concentration is most likely caused by

A) methane B) oxygenC) nitrogen D) hydrogen

121. An increase in which gas in Earth's atmosphere willmost significantly increase global temperatures?

A) more carbon dioxide, which absorbsinfrared radiation

B) less carbon dioxide, which absorbs short-waveradiation

C) more oxygen, which absorbs infrared radiationD) less oxygen, which absorbs short-wave

radiation

122. Deforestation increases the greenhouse effect onEarth because deforestation causes the atmosphereto contain


A) water vapor B) methaneC) nitrogen D) ozone

123. Which gas in Earth's upper atmosphere is beneficialto humans because it absorbs large amounts ofultraviolet radiation?

A) incoming solar gamma ray radiationB) incoming solar visible light radiationC) outgoing terrestrial ultraviolet radiationD) outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation

124. Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth'satmosphere increases atmospheric temperaturebecause the carbon dioxide absorbs

A) neon and argonB) chlorine and nitrogenC) hydrogen and heliumD) methane and carbon dioxide

125. Which two gases have been added to Earth’satmosphere in large amounts and are believed tohave increased global warming by absorbinginfrared radiation?

A)

B)

C)

D)

126. Which graph best shows the relationship betweenthe concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth'satmosphere and the amount of infrared radiationabsorbed by the atmosphere.

A) oxygen B) carbon dioxideC) helium D) hydrogen

127. Which component of Earth’s atmosphere isclassified as a greenhouse gas?


A) oxygen B) hydrogenC) nitrogen D) carbon dioxide

128. An increase in the amount of which atmosphericgas is thought to cause global climate warming?

A) The glass reduces the amount of insolationentering the greenhouse.

B) The glass allows all wavelengths of radiationto enter and all wavelengths of radiation toescape.

C) The glass allows short wavelengths ofradiation to enter, but reduces the amountof longwavelength radiation that escapes.

D) The glass allows long wavelengths ofradiation to enter, but reduces the amount ofshortwavelength radiation that escapes.

129. The diagram below shows a greenhouse.

What is the primary function of the clear glass ofthe greenhouse?

A) poor reflector of ultraviolet radiationB) good reflector of ultraviolet radiationC) poor absorber of infrared radiationD) good absorber of infrared radiation

130. A gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxidewould warm Earth’s atmosphere because carbondioxide is a

A) nitrogen B) oxygenC) carbon dioxide D) hydrogen

131. An increase in which gas would cause the mostgreenhouse warming of Earth’s atmosphere?

A) number of violent stormsB) number of volcanic eruptionsC) use of nuclear powerD) use of fossil fuels

132. The graph below shows the change in carbondioxide concentration in parts per million (ppm) inEarth's atmosphere from 1960 to 1990.

The most likely cause of the overall change in thelevel of carbon dioxide from 1960 to 1990 is anincrease in the

A) ultraviolet radiation emitted by Earth isabsorbed by nitrogen and carbon dioxide inthe atmosphere

B) x-ray radiation emitted by Earth is absorbedby nitrogen and carbon dioxide in theatmosphere

C) infrared radiation emitted by Earth isabsorbed by carbon dioxide and watervapor in the atmosphere

D) gamma radiation emitted by Earth is absorbedby carbon dioxide and water vapor in theatmosphere

133. Earth’s atmosphere is warmed when


A) a decrease in the average wavelength of solarradiation

B) a decrease in the thickness of Earth'satmosphere

C) an increase in the absorption of long-waveheat radiation by Earth's atmosphere

D) an increase in the thickness of Earth's glaciers

134. The graph below represents the average yearlyconcentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth'satmosphere from 1972 to 1993.

This change in CO2 concentration most likelycaused

A) B)

C) D)

135. Which graph best shows the relationship betweenthe amount of carbon dioxide contained in Earth'satmosphere and the average atmospherictemperature?


136. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which shows variations in Earth'smonthly temperatures from normal Earth temperatures between January 1990 and January 1995.

A) cooler temperatures by absorbing infrared radiationB) cooler temperatures by absorbing ultraviolet radiationC) warmer temperatures by absorbing ultraviolet radiationD) warmer temperatures by absorbing infrared radiation

The addition of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane gas to the atmosphere changes Earth'sclimate. This change occurs primarily because these gases cause


Base your answers to questions 137 and 138 on the diagram and table below. The diagram shows across section of a solar-energy collecting system constructed as a portion of a wall of a house. Itconsists of an energy-absorbing surface, a clear glass covering, and air ducts through the wall into thehouse. The table gives the house temperatures during a spring day. No other heat source is availablefor the house.

A) B) C) D)

137. Which diagram best represents the direction of air flow through the system under normal solarheating conditions?

A) The glass radiates infrared energy.B) The glass radiates ultraviolet energy.C) The glass allows short-wave radiation to enter and traps long-wave reradiation.D) The glass allows long-wave radiation to enter and traps short-wave reradiation.

138. What is the purpose of the clear glass covering of this solar collector?

A) They are found in varying amounts in Earth'satmosphere.

B) They are found in fixed amounts in Earth'sbedrock.

C) They are good reflectors of infrared radiation.D) They are good absorbers of infrared

radiation.

139. Why are carbon dioxide and water vapor called thegreenhouse gases?


A) Carbon dioxide is a good absorber ofinfrared radiation.

B) Carbon dioxide causes a random reflection ofenergy.

C) Carbon dioxide has no effect on theatmosphere's energy balance.

D) Carbon dioxide converts some energy intopotential energy.

140. Two identical glass containers were placed in directsunlight. The first container was filled with air andthe second container was filled with a mixture ofair and additional carbon dioxide. Each containerwas sealed with a thermometer inside.Temperatures were recorded at 2-minute intervals,as shown in the data table below.

Which statement best explains the results of thisactivity?

A) cause plants to grow very rapidlyB) cause a loss in the amount of radiant energy

from the SunC) contribute to a gradual warming of the

atmosphereD) contribute to a rapid cooling of the oceans

141. Ice samples from continental glaciers provideevidence that today's atmosphere contains morecarbon dioxide than ancient atmospheres did. Thisincrease concerns scientists because increasedcarbon dioxide may

A)

B)

C)

D)

142. Which diagram best shows how air inside agreenhouse warms as a result of energy from theSun?


A) B)

C) D)

143. Which diagram best represents how greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap heat energy?

A) An increase would change the decay rate of C14.

B) An increase would cause more ultravioletenergy to strike the Earth's outer atmosphere.

C) An increase would cause energy to flow fromenergy sinks to energy sources.

D) An increase would cause an overall heatingup of the Earth's atmosphere.

144. Why are some scientists concerned about anincrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in theatmosphere?

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ENERGY TRANSFER MEGA PACKET - …mleoneearthsci.weebly.com/.../key_energy_transfer_mega_packet.pdf · ENERGY TRANSFER MEGA PACKET A)condensation B)conduction C)radiation D)convection