Energy systems PhotoVoltaic System

7/23/2019 Energy systems PhotoVoltaic System

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Solar Electricity Conversion


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Photovoltaics (PV) - grid-tied and off grid

PV produces electricity

works anywhere

no tracking required

electrochemical storage possible


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PHOTOVOLTAICdirectly converts

sunlight intoelectricity

Solar cell

Solar cell Simple device which canproduce electricity when

exposed to sun


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Studies related to solar cells :

1. Increasing the efficiency

2. Decreasing the cost

3. Increasing the lifetime


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p - n junction

Metal - insulator -semiconductor

Structural electrical

field

Photovoltaic energy conversion process requires firstly, a material in which the absorption of light raises

an electron to a higher energy state, secondly, the movement of this higher energy electron

from the solar cell into an external circuit.

A variety of materials and processes can potentially satisfythe requirements but in practice nearly all photovoltaicenergy conversion uses semiconductor materials in the

form of ap-njunction.


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The basic steps in the operation of a solar cell are:

the generation of light-generated carriers;

the collection of the light-generated carries to generate acurrent;

the generation of a large voltage across the solar cell;


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Solar cell structure


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n type doping


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p type doping


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the generation of light-generated carriers;

For photovoltaic devices, reflection and transmission are

typically considered loss mechanisms as photons which arenot absorbed do not generate power. If the photon isabsorbed it has the possibility of exciting an electron fromthe valence band to the conduction band.

A key factor in determining if a photon is absorbed ortransmitted is the energy of the photon. Therefore, only if thephoton has enough energy will the electron be excited intothe conduction band from the valence band.


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the generation of light-generated carriers;Photons falling onto a semiconductor material can be dividedinto three groups based on their energy compared to that ofthe semiconductor band gap:

Eph < EG Photons with energy Eph less than the band gapenergy EG interact only weakly with the semiconductor,

passing through it as if it were transparent.

Eph= EGhave just enough energy to create an electron hole

pair and are efficiently absorbed.

Eph> EGPhotons with energy much greater than the band

gap are strongly absorbed. However, for photovoltaic

applications, the photon energy greater than the band gap is

wasted as electrons quickly thermalize back down to the

conduction band edges.


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I V KARAKTERST


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I-V KARAKTERST

I V KARAKTERST


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http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

I-V KARAKTERST

I V KARAKTERST


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I-V KARAKTERST

I V KARAKTERST


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I-V KARAKTERST

I V Characteristics


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I-V Characteristics


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R serial



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R shunt


I V KARAKTERST


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I-V KARAKTERST


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Serial Connection


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Fotovoltaik Paneller

Bypass ve Blocking Diyotlar

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodes

http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Array.htm
http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodeshttp://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Array.htmhttp://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Array.htmhttp://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodeshttp://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodeshttp://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/modules/bypass-diodes


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PVCDROM animasyon


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Vmpp range changeInverter selection

! ! ! ! !

Vmpp range change


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Vmpp range changeInverter selection

! ! ! ! !


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MISMATCH EFFECTS


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UYUMSUZLUK ETKLER

CATALOG READING


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Max. DC power (@ cos =1) 3820 W

Max. input voltage 500 V

MPP voltage range / rated input

voltage200 V400 V / 200 V

Min. input voltage / initial input

voltage200 V / 250 V

Max. input current 20 A

Max. input current per string 16 A

Number of independent MPP inputs

/ strings per MPP input1 / 3

EVRC SUNNY BOY 3300INPUT (DC)

CATALOG READING


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OUTPUT (AC)

Rated output power (@ 230 V, 50 Hz) 3300 W

Max. apparent AC power 3600 VA

Nominal AC voltage / range 220 V, 230 V, 240 V / 180 V 265 V

AC power frequency / range 50 Hz, 60 Hz / -4.5 Hz ... +4.5 Hz

Rated power frequency / rated power voltage 50 Hz / 230 V

Max. output current 18 A

Power factor at rated power 1

Adjustable displacement factor

Feed-in phases / connection phases 1 / 1


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Nominal Power12 (Pnom) 327 W Power Tolerance +5/3%

Avg. Panel Efficiency 20.4%

Rated Voltage (Vmpp) 54.7 V

Rated Current (Impp) 5.98 A Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) 64.9 V

Short-Circuit Current (Isc) 6.46 A

Maximum System Voltage 1000 V UL & 1000 V IEC

Maximum Series Fuse 20 A

Power Temp Coef. (Pmpp) 0.38% / oC

Voltage Temp Coef. (Voc) 176.6 mV / oC

Current Temp Coef. (Isc) 3.5 mA / oC

ELECTRICAL DATA PV MODUL E20-327


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OPERATING CONDITION AND MECHANICAL DATA

Temperature 40F to +185F (40C to +85C)

Max load Wind: 50 psf, 2400 Pa, 245 kg/m front & back

Snow: 112 psf, 5400 Pa, 550kg/m front

Impact resistance 25 mm diameter hail at 23 m/sAppearance Class B

Solar Cells 96 Monocrystalline Maxeon Gen II Cells

Glass High Transmission Tempered Anti- Reflective

Junction Box IP-65 RatedConnectors MC4 Compatible

Frame Class 2 silver anodized

Weight 41 lbs (18.6 kg)


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Max. DC power (@ cos =1) 3820 W

Max. input voltage 500 V

MPP voltage range / rated input

voltage200 V400 V / 200 V

Min. input voltage / initial input

voltage200 V / 250 V

Max. input current 20 A

Max. input current per string 16 A

Number of independent MPP inputs

/ strings per MPP input1 / 3

INVERTER SUNNY BOY 3300

INPUT (DC)

MODULE AND INVERTER SELECTION


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PVGIS


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PVGIS

PVGIS


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PVGIS


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PVGIS

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Energy systems PhotoVoltaic System