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www.eia.govU.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
Energy Storage: a U.S. overview
EIA Energy Conference
June 5, 2018 | Washington, DC
By
Lisa Cabral, Electricity Analyst
Energy Information Administration
Outline1. Definitions
2. Summary of small scale battery storage
3. Overview of large-scale battery storage:
- regional trends
- applications
- installed costs
- projections
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 20182
Key takeaways• As of end 2017, the US has 664 MW of power, 742 MWh of energy in
operational large-scale battery capacity
• Most batteries are lithium-ion
• The majority are installed in CAISO or PJM
• State policy, wholesale market rules, and retail rates play a central role in
where opportunities for battery storage exist
• Installed capacity is expected to grow as costs decline and market rules are
updated
3Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
Definitions
• Power capacity: the maximum
instantaneous amount of power output
• Energy capacity: the total amount of energy
that can be stored or discharged
• Large scale: grid-connected, single
installation of 1MW or greater in nameplate
capacity
4
Battery
InverterPower
(MW)
Grid
Energy
(MWh)
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
power capacity
megawatts
U.S. Small-Scale Storage by Sector, 2016
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report
5Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
large-scalebatterystorage
small-scalestorage
power capacity
megawatts
U.S. Small-Scale Storage by Sector, 2016
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report
6
5%54%
30%
2%
7%
2%
Non-CA
residential commercial
industrial direct connected
share of total small-scale storage
power capacity (66 MW)
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
large-scalebatterystorage
small-scalestorage
power capacity
megawatts
U.S. Small-Scale Energy Storage
Outside of California by State, 2016
U.S. Small-Scale Storage by Sector, 2016
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report
7
5%54%
30%
2%
7%
2%
Non-CA
residential commercial
industrial direct connected0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
rest of U.S.
Louisiana
Indiana
Texas
Ohio
Virginia
Illinois
Michigan
Georgia
Hawaii
New York
share of total small-scale storage
power capacity (66 MW)
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
megawatts
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
large-scalebatterystorage
small-scalestorage
U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity by Region, 2012
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860M, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory; U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
8Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity by Region, 2018
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860M, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory; U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
9Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 8000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
co-located renewable firming
transmission/distribution…
backup power
excess wind/solar generation
load management
system peak shaving
arbitrage
load following
voltage/reactive power…
ramping/spinning reserve
frequency regulation
installed capacity
power capacity
megawatts
energy capacity
megawatthours
Applications Served by U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage, 2017
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
10
PJM
CAISO
ERCOT
MISO
ISO-NE
AK/HI
Other
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
annual additions
power capacity
megawatts
energy capacity
megawatthours
U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity, 2003-2017
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860M, Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory; U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
11
PJM
CAISO
ERCOT
MISO
ISO-NE
AK/HI
Other
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
annual additions
PJM
CAISO
ERCOT
MISO
ISO-NE
AK/HI
Other
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
power capacity
megawatts
energy capacity
megawatthours
U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage by Region and Ownership
Type, 2017
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
12
Independent
Power Producer
Investor-Owned
Utility
Cooperative
Commercial/
Industrial
State-Owned
Utility
Municipally-
Owned Utility
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
24%
57%
3%
3%
3% 10%
Overall
52%25%
8%
5%2% 8%
Overall
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
annual additions
88%
6%3%
1% 2%
U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity by Chemistry,
2003-2017
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report
13Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
power capacity
megawatts
energy capacity
megawatthours
lithium-ion
nickel-based
sodium-
based
lead-acid
other
power capacity costs
dollars per kilowatt
energy capacity costs
dollars per kilowatthour
Installed Cost of U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Systems,
By Duration (2013-2016)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
14
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
short- medium- long- all
duration
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
short- medium- long- all
duration
Series4
75th percentile
median
average
25th percentile
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
power capacity costs
dollars per kilowatt
energy capacity costs
dollars per kilowatthour
Installed Cost of U.S. Large-Scale Battery Storage Systems,
By Duration (2013-2016)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report
15
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
short- medium- long- all
duration
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
short- medium- long- all
duration
Series4
75th percentile
median
average
25th percentile
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
(power) capacity
gigawatts
U.S. Wind, Solar, and Battery Storage Capacity, 2020-2050
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2018
16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2020 2030 2040 2050
wind
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2020 2030 2040 2050
storage
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2020 2030 2040 2050
solar photovoltaics
Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
DC
States that require storage in resource or energy plans
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
17Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
Key takeaways• As of end 2017, the US has 664 MW of power, 742 MWh of energy in
operational large-scale battery capacity
• Most batteries are lithium-ion
• The majority are installed in CAISO or PJM
• State policy, wholesale market rules, and retail rates play a central role in
where opportunities for battery storage exist
• Installed capacity is expected to grow as costs decline and market rules are
updated
18Lisa Cabral, Washington DC
June 5, 2018
U.S. Energy Information Administration www.eia.govIndependent Statistics & Analysis
Thank you
