Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP The information in this document is the property of Energy Technologies Institute LLP and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Energy Technologies Institute LLP.This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Energy Technologies Institute LLP, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Energy Technologies Institute LLP or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.
Energy Storage – a global challenge and a global prize
Jo ColemanStrategy Director
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Overview
• System design issue (a UK perspective)
• Storage technologies and applications
• UK policy and regulation
• A global perspective
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
ETI technology programme areas ETI Members
4.
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
The ETI works with:
6.
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy Storage features across the ETI’s programmes• Energy Systems Modelling
– Understanding the role and value of different energy storage technologies– Understanding potential future roles and challenges for the gas grid
• Carbon Capture and Storage – Generating H2 from coal, gas & biomass with CCS– H2 storage in salt caverns– H2 turbines deliver low carbon peaking power as well as potentially H2 vehicles
• Buildings, Distributed Energy & Smart Systems and Heat– District heating and individual building level storage of heat
• Energy Storage & Distribution– Distribution level storage through pumped heat– Gas Vectors Transition Pathways
• Transport– Electric & H2 vehicles and infrastructure
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy Storage – not just about electricity
Hea
t / E
lect
ricity
(GW
)
0
50
100
150
250
200
Jan 10 Apr 10 July 10 Oct 10
HeatElectricity
Data source: UKERC (2011)
GB 2010 heat and electricity hourly demand variability - commercial & domestic
The gas grid is our biggest energy storage device
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
+132 GW heat demand in 1 hr
(0630-0730)
-121 GW heat demand in 1 hr(0830-0930)
291GW
8am 6pm
304GW
16 GW 67 GW
132GW/hr = 36MW/sDinorwig = 108MW/sand 1.32GW total
Saturday 18th Dec 2010
Hea
t Dem
and
(GW
)
Time of Day
Low carbon heating may be the biggest challenge
100x the capacity of Dinorwigpumped store in 1 hour
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
New energy vectors and infrastructure challenges predominantly mid and downstreamMean Reference Case 2050
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Removing a key option leads to very different infrastructure requirements, including storageNo CCS Sensitivity 2050
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Efficient use of thermal plants with CCS providing peaking power capacity (H2 storage / Flexible turbines)
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Space heat: 2050 capacity & supply by technology
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
GW
Heat Pumps
DistrictHeating
Electric resistive
Gas Boiler
Heat Storage
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Distributed Heat Storage may dwarf other forms
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy storage technologies for electricity networks
• Could have a critical role to play in delivering energy securely, cost effectively and with reduced CO2 emissions
• Competes with certain types of generation (and other options, e.g. interconnection, DSR) BUToperates differently
• At the moment...– it’s expensive– and/or inefficient– and/or difficult to site
• Value is dependent on a variety of factors
Lagoon pumped storage
Pb-Acid
Power
Energy
1 kW
10 kW
100 kW
1 MW
10 MW
100 MW
1 GW
10 kWh 100 kWh 1 MWh 10 MWh 100 MWh 1 GWh
Capa
citor
s
Capacitors
VRF & Zn-BR Flow batteries
VRFVRF
Zn-Br Flow Battery
Lithium based
Lithium based
Lithiu
m ba
sed
Zn-air
Pb-Acid PHES (Isentropic)
Adiabatic CAES
Flywh
eel Fly
whee
l
Molten chloride high
temperature batteries
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy Storage for electricity networks
• Value is dependent on a variety of factors:
– The generation mix and demand variation
– Existing network capacity in relation to this
– Often only sufficient if it can deliver multiple services BUTwhich services can it deliver simultaneously?
– The ability for stakeholders to derive that value
– The level of integration between different network types
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
00:0
0:00
05:0
0:00
10:0
0:00
15:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
01:0
0:00
06:0
0:00
11:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
21:0
0:00
02:0
0:00
07:0
0:00
12:0
0:00
17:0
0:00
22:0
0:00
03:0
0:00
08:0
0:00
13:0
0:00
18:0
0:00
23:0
0:00
04:0
0:00
09:0
0:00
14:0
0:00
19:0
0:00
00:0
0:00
05:0
0:00
10:0
0:00
15:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
01:0
0:00
06:0
0:00
11:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
21:0
0:00
Pow
er M
W
Time
Dispatched generation by type
GB - Nuclear ICs GB - Hydro
GB - CCGT GB - CCGT w CCS GB - H2 Turbine (ETI)
GB - Offshore Wind GB - Onshore Wind GB - Storage
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Renewable integration
GB security of supply
Operating reserve
Energy storage applications
Arbitrage
Seconds Minutes Hours
Minutes
Seconds
Hours
Discharge duration
Response timeSeasonal storage
Months
Network investment
deferral
Frequency regulation
Network congestion
relief
CHP imbalance
End consumer bill
management
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Alternative technologies
Interconnectors
Flexible generation
Domestic and non-domestic
DSR
Network reinforcement
and technologies
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Current technology costs
Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA) Electricity Networks & Storage (EN&S), LCICG (2012)
• “Over the next 10 years, innovation could lower costs by around 13%, with further savings after 2020 capable of lowering costs by around 44% by 2050 compared with 2010 costs” (LCICG, 2012)
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Isentropic• Electrical energy to heat and cold in reversible process• System range 700kW – 6MW• Multiple storage services capability• £400/kW, £45/kWh
500 degrees C
-160 degrees C
Motor/Generator
• 11kV connected substation on Western Power Distribution’s network
• 1.4 MW / 4 hour (5.6 MWh) rating• Design, development, construction,
testing & operation for up to 2 years
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
UK policy and regulation
Generation- CfDs- Capacity mechanism
Balancing - Focus on sharpening price signals
(cash out)- New market creation (DSR)
Supply and wholesale markets
- Future trading arrangements- Smart meter roll out- Price volatility
Networks- RIIO- Smart Grid Forum
• UK energy policy driven by sustainability, energy security and affordability aims – ‘the Trilemma’
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
UK storage innovation policyInnovation
- LCICG core members expect to invest up to £75m between 2011 and 2015 in RD&D for energy storage technologies (LGICG 2012).
- DECC: Energy Storage Technology Demonstration SBRI Competition – focus on feasibility studies into innovative and diverse energy storage ideas
- £8ml to Viridor Waste Management Ltd and Highview Power Storage- EPSRC: £30m for five centres to support new science capital facilities for grid-scale energy
storage- ETI: £14m investment in Isentropic project to develop and demonstrate a 1.5MW/6MWh grid-
scale electricity storage unit
- Ofgem Low carbon networks fund (LCNF) and Network innovation competition (NIC) - Funds awarded to network owners to trial novel technologies- Storage competes against other technologies- Largest award for storage is Smarter Network Storage project by UKPN (£13.2ml)
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Current global installed grid-connected storage capacity (MW)
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
• Germany – very high renewables penetration, solar dominated in south, wind in north, poor electricity grid connectivity, knock on impacts to neighbours
• African/tropical countries – abundant sunshine but need electricity at night• Island nations – security of supply, displacement of diesel
National challenges and opportunities differ considerably
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
National mechanisms being developed to support storage technologies
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Global Energy Storage – IEA
• Energy storage technologies are valuable in most energy systems
• Individual technologies often have the ability to supply multiple energy services
• 310 GW of additional grid-connected electricity required to support electricity sector in the US, Europe, China and India
• Significant thermal energy storage and off-grid electricity storage potential
• Market design is key to accelerating deployment.
• Public investment in energy storage research and development has led to significant cost reductions.
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy Storage – the missing link in the UK’s energy commitments
• We needs to focus on heat and transport, as well as electricity
• Energy storage cannot be incentivised by conventional market mechanisms.
• The UK must reject its obsession with ‘cheapness’ in the energy sector.
©2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
For more information about the ETI visit www.eti.co.uk
For the latest ETI news and announcements email [email protected]
The ETI can also be followed on Twitter @the_ETI
Registered Office Energy Technologies InstituteHolywell BuildingHolywell ParkLoughboroughLE11 3UZ
For all general enquiries telephone the ETI on 01509 202020.
Energy Technologies Institute (SSH)6220 Bishops CourtBirmingham Business ParkB37 7YB