ENERGY STAR® Lighting: An Update on the New Program

Alex Baker, MSc, LC, IES ENERGY STAR Lighting Program Manager

LEDucation 6Wednesday, March 21, 2012

New York, NY

Outline

• About ENERGY STAR• Recent lighting program changes

– Program structural changes– Third party certification / process changes

• History & integration of ENERGY STAR lighting specs• ENERGY STAR Luminaires V1.0 / V1.1

– Scope / luminaire categorization– Source photometry: LED light engines– Lumen maintenance projection

• ENERGY STAR Lamps V1.0 spec development• Questions

About ENERGY STAR

About ENERGY STAR

• Created by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1992

• A climate protection program creating partnerships between EPA and manufacturers

• Goal: to reduce greenhouse gas intensity through promotion of energy efficient products and practices

Photo: National Geographic

About ENERGY STAR

• Managed by EPA & the U.S. Department of Energy

• Branches:– Product labeling– Residential (new + existing)– Commercial and industrial– State and local

• Labeling: 60+ product categories:– Office equipment– Lighting products

• Luminaires (light fixtures)• Lamps (light bulbs)

– Appliances (white goods)– Home electronics– Heating & cooling

Photo: National Geographic

American Consumers Trust ENERGY STAR Labeled Products

U.S. Electric Utilities Provide IncentivesFor ENERGY STAR Labeled Products

• $400M+ this year to incentivize consumers to purchaseENERGY STAR lighting products (www.energystar.gov/dime)

• Many provide consumer incentives (e.g. rebates, POSdiscounts) for solid state (LED) lighting products

Recent Changes to the ENERGY STAR Product Labeling Program

Program Structural Changes

• New Memorandum of Understanding signed September 30, 2009: www.energystar.gov/mou

• U.S. EPA is the ENERGY STAR brand manager, responsible for:– Setting performance levels– Partnership agreements– Product qualification, maintenance of qualifying product lists– Marketing & outreach: consumer, retail– Monitoring and verification

• U.S. DOE is responsible for:– Increased efforts in monitoring and verifying test procedure

compliance– Development of Federal test procedures and metrics

Program Improvements

• Labeling program being strengthened across all product categories

• Program reviewed by:

• Inspectors General at EPA and DOE (ongoing)

• U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) (ongoing)

• ENERGY STAR is now a third-party certification program based on ISO standards; no manufacturer self-declarations

• Testing laboratories and certifications bodies must be EPA-Recognized:

• EPA recognition dependent on ISO accreditation and appropriate scope

• www.energystar.gov/testingandverification

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New Approach to Qualification and Verification

• Third-party certification of test data:– EPA-recognized test laboratories: 40+ worldwide

– EPA-recognized certification bodies (CBs): 8 domestic

• Verification testing (off-the-shelf):– Verify products continue to meet the ENERGY STAR

requirements regardless of changes in the production process

• www.energystar.gov/testingandverification

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ENERGY STAR Lighting Specifications: History &

Present Integration Efforts

ENERGY STAR Lighting History:Four Existing Specifications

• Residential Light Fixtures (est. 1997)• Compact Fluorescent Lamps (est. 1999)• Solid State Lighting Luminaires (est. 2007)• Integral LED Lamps (est. 2009)

• Above provide ~75% savings vs. standard incandescent

• As specifications are revised, qualified products are NOT grandfathered

• Products carrying the ENERGY STAR mark must meet current specification on date of manufacture

ENERGY STAR LightingSpecification Integration

Residential Light Fixtures v4.2

Solid State Lighting Luminaires v1.3

Integral LED Lamps v1.4

Compact Fluorescent Lamps v4.3ENERGY STAR Lamps V1.0

• currently in development

• to be finalized in 2012, effective 2013

• www.energystar.gov/lamps

ENERGY STAR Luminaires V1.0

• finalized February 16, 2011

• effective April 1, 2012 (V1.1)

• www.energystar.gov/luminaires

ENERGY STAR Lighting:Specification Integration

• Promotion of lighting technologies confuses consumers

• Consumers aren’t lighting experts

• Other promising technologies need an objective threshold:– Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)– Ceramic metal halide– Electron stimulated luminescence (ESL)– Light emitting plasma (LEP)– Advanced incandescent (i.e. “2X”, “3X”)

ENERGY STAR Lighting:Specification Integration

• New performance requirements to be technology-neutral:– luminous efficacy– color temperature– color rendering

• Technology neutrality provides objective means for ‘raising the bar’– Example: someday CFLs won’t meet the bar

anymore, so incentives could be redirected to products that can

About ENERGY STAR Lighting Specification Development

• EPA develops specifications through an open stakeholder process– Multiple public drafts & comment periods

• Industry standard test methods and performance standards referenced– Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)– American National Standards Institute (ANSI)– Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE)– ANSI/UL and CSA safety standards

About ENERGY STAR Lighting Specification Development

• Terminology & definitions per IES RP-16-10

• Technical support:– Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute– Various contractors and consultants– Pacific Northwest National Labs (PNNL)– National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)– ENERGY STAR Partners: manufacturers, electric utilities, retailers

ENERGY STAR Luminaires V1.0

ENERGY STAR Luminaires v1.0

• Combines scope of existing specifications– Solid State Lighting Luminaires v1.1– Residential Light Fixtures v4.2

• Spec at: www.energystar.gov/luminaires

ENERGY STAR Luminaires v1.0

• First problem: applying the right test procedures to the right fixture types

• For SSL, luminaire photometry is not always appropriate

• “Decorative” versus “functional”:– LSD 51-2009 white paper by the National Electrical

Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and the American Lighting Association (ALA)

Standard Slide for images

LM-79 Shortcomings

ENERGY STAR Luminaires v1.0

• Testing requirements depend on luminaire categorization

• Directional (“functional”) luminaires:– Intended to illuminate a specific surface or area– Examples: down lights, accent lights, under cabinet, task lights– Evaluated using luminaire photometry (IES LM-79-08)– Includes fixture optical losses (e.g. luminaire delivered lumens per

input watt)

• Non-directional (“decorative”) luminaires:– Examples: wall sconces, chandeliers, ceiling flush, bath vanities– Evaluated using source photometry (IES LM-82-11)– Not inclusive of fixture optics (e.g. source lumens per input watt)

LM-79 Problems

• Great for measuring white light luminaires: luminous efficacy, flux, CCT, CRI

• Less useful for highly decorative luminaires:– Optical losses less critical– Lower performance expectations– Colorimetry at luminaire level

generates data of dubious value

Robert Louis Tiffany®

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1x

y

CIE ChromaticityDiagram 1931Black Body Locus

White Shade

Blue Shade

Amber Shade

Decorative GlassShade

LM-79 Problems

0.3

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

0.4

0.42

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0.46

0.48

0.5

0.3 0.4 0.5x

y

CIE ChromaticityDiagram 1931Black Body Locus

White Shade

Blue Shade

Amber Shade

Decorative GlassShade

Testing Decorative LED Fixtures Per IES LM-79-08

Lighting Research Center (NVLAP Lab Code: 200480-0)

2/13/2011

LM-79 Problems

ProductDescription

AmbientTemperature

(˚C)

InputVoltage

(V)

InputPower

(W)

LuminousFlux (lm)

LuminousEfficacy(lm/W)

x y CCT CRI

White shade 24.7 120.11 4.48 165.0 36.83 0.3929 0.3876 3761 73.6

Blue shade 24.7 120.11 4.48 129.9 28.99 0.3468 0.3698 4998 72.0

AmberShade 24.7 120.02 4.48 82.6 18.44 0.4507 0.4129 2851 69.0

Decoratedglass 24.7 120.12 4.48 34.9 7.78 0.4499 0.3942 2711 78.1

Testing Decorative LED Fixtures Per IES LM-79-08

Lighting Research Center (NVLAP Lab Code: 200480-0)

2/13/2011

LED Light Engines

LED Light Engine:An integrated assembly comprised of LED packages (components) or LED arrays (modules), LED driver, and other optical, thermal, mechanical and electrical components. The device is intended to connect directly to the branch circuit through a custom connector compatible with the LED luminaire for which it was designed and does not use an ANSI standard base. (IES RP-16-10)

…A.K.A. “the guts” of the fixture.

LED Light Engines

The Alliance for Solid-State IlluminationSystems and Technologies (ASSIST)

Established in 2002 by the Lighting Research Center to: • Advance the effective use of energy-efficient solid-state

lighting. • Speed the market acceptance of a new technology. • Help LED technology to gain widespread use in lighting

applications.• More information: www.lrc.rpi.edu/assist

The Alliance for Solid-State IlluminationSystems and Technologies (ASSIST)

ASSIST Recommendations for Testing and Evaluating White LED Light Engines

• Test procedure for evaluation of white LED light engines

• Tests photometric, electrical performance at elevated temperatures

• IES LM-82-12– Normative reference:

IES LM-79-08 for photometric and electrical measurements

• References LM-79 for all photometric and electrical measurements

IES LM-82-12 for LED Light Engines

IES LM-82-12 for LED Light Engines

• “LM-79 as a function of temperature”

• Two ways to look at LED light engines:– As an object: a mechanically integrated unit– As a concept: a combination of LED driver + array

• Both testable using this test method

• Integrated LED lamps also testable per LM-82

IES TM-21-11: Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Sources

• Lumen maintenance projections using LM-80 data using IES TM-21-11

• Covers LED packages, arrays, modules

• Sample size recommendation adopted by EPA (LM-80 silent)

• Available now through IES

ENERGY STAR TM-21 Calculator:www.energystar.gov/TM-21calculator

ENERGY STARLamps V1.0 Specification

(in development)

ENERGY STAR Lamps V1.0 Draft 1

• Issued October 21, 2011• Combines scope of:

CFL V4.3 and Integral LED Lamps V1.4

• EPA’s intent:– merge existing specs– one technology-neutral set of

performance requirements– further increase quality and

reliability

• Focused on remaining consumer detractors

• Only minor efficacy increases are proposed

• Efficacy levels to be revisited after EISA 2007 phase-in is complete

• Limited commercial scope• www.energystar.gov/lamps• lamps@energystar.gov

ENERGY STAR Lamps V1.0 Draft 1

Thanks! Questions?Alex Baker, MSc, LC, IES

ENERGY STAR Lighting Program Manager

(202) 343-9272

baker.alex@epa.gov

www.energystar.gov/luminaires

www.energystar.gov/lightfixtures

www.energystar.gov/lamps

www.energystar.gov/lightbulbs

luminaires@energystar.gov

lamps@energystar.gov

logomisuse@energystar.gov