Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme · The UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) is a mandatory energy assessment and energy saving identification scheme for large undertakings

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Trends in Providing Energy to Data CentresIntelligent building in the residential sector

JANUARY 2015www.hurleypalmerflatt.com

Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme

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ARTICLE TITLESECTION TITLE SECTION TITLEARTICLE TITLE

Contents

ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME

Editor: Dominique Varleigh

Contributors: Richard Whitaker Energy & Sustainability Director Oliver Morgan AV ConsultantRobert Thorogood Technical Director

Designer: Richard Cotterill

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4 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME

6 MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERINGTRENDS IN PROVIDING ENERGY TO DATA CENTRES

8 RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERINGINTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

In this issue of

We will be looking at the changes in environmental legislation, in particular the UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme and how it impacts the built environment.

Data centres have gone through many changes over time and we will be looking at the current trend of providing energy to data centres.

Finally we will be looking into how intelligent building design is being utilised within the residential sector to create unique technological living spaces.

Paul Flatt, Chairman Hurley Palmer Flatt


SECTION TITLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEMEENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME

The UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) is a mandatory energy assessment and energy saving identification scheme for large undertakings (and their corporate groups). The scheme applies throughout the UK.

Richard Whitaker, Hurley Palmer Flatt Director, highlights the new legislation surrounding article eight of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive and how it affects corporates.

In the UK ESOS has been established by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in response to the requirement for all Member States of the European Union to implement article eight of the Energy Efficiency Directive (‘the Directive’)

The first phase of ESOS became law on the 7 July 2014 requiring all participants to be compliant with the scheme by 5 December 2015.

If you are a business within the UK that meets the threshold criteria below, the requirement to participate in the scheme is mandatory. If you are an international client that has operations in the UK meeting the criteria, consideration should be given to how you will comply with this as this will also be a mandatory requirement.

The fundamentals of the scheme are being implemented in all EU Member States, and although it is not called ESOS, the equivalent legislation will need to be conformed to if you have operations in EU countries that also meet the criteria below.

Does my business need to comply with ESOS?As a business, you will need to participate in the first phase of ESOS if your venture is either:

1. A business which has 250 or more employees in the UK.

2. A business which has fewer than 250 employees, but has an annual turnover exceeding €50m and a balance sheet exceeding €43m.

3. Part of a corporate group which includes an undertaking that meets criteria one or two above.

What do I have to do to comply with ESOS? An ESOS Assessment requires participants to do three things:

1. Measure your total energy consumption You must measure your total energy consumption across your building’s transport and industrial activities.

2. Conduct energy audits to identify cost-effective energy efficiency recommendations You must ensure that at least 90% of your total energy consumption is subject to an ESOS compliant energy audit, a Display Energy Certificate, a Green Deal assessment or a certified ISO 50001 Energy Management System during each phase of the scheme. Unless your total energy consumption is covered by a certified ISO 50001 Energy Management System, you must ensure that your ESOS Assessment is conducted or reviewed by a qualified lead assessor.

3. Report compliance to the Environment Agency (as the scheme administrator) By 5 December 2015, you must notify the Environment Agency (as the scheme administrator) that you have complied with the scheme. Prior to notifying the Environment Agency, you must ensure that your ESOS assessment has been reviewed by a board level director and approved by a lead assessor. The ESOS cycle is a four-year cycle, after the first submission by 5 December 2015; the next required submission will be 2019.

ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME THE NEW STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

Route to compliance Advantage Disadvantage

ESOS Energy Audits

Covers all energy uses – buildings, industrial processes and transport

Can draw on data from existing energy efficiency compliance activities, such as CRC and CCAs to the extent that these support compliance

Organisations can use existing energy auditing/measurement activity to support compliance (e.g. Carbon Trust Standard or CEMARS) provided that these are carried out in a way that meets the minimum requirements for ESOS audits

ISO 50001

Part of an overall energy management system for effective management of energy consumption

ISO 50001 could be employed by a multinational company across its operations. This would likely mean that for any operations qualifying for audits under other European Mandatory Auditing Schemes, the requirements would be met through the energy management system

Additional effort, above minimum ESOS requirements, may be required to maintain a certified ISO 50001 energy management system

Display Energy Certificates Low cost assessment

Restricted to building energy use including regulated energy (such as heating and building fabric) but also lifts, and small power, for example IT use

A certificate is needed for each individual building, so it is less suitable for large portfolios

Which compliance route is best for me?The appropriate compliance route for ESOS will very much depend on your business type, the size of your estate and the energy use across the business.Certain routes may be more time consuming to the business in the short term, but will yield greater potential long term for cost, carbon and energy saving.A summary of each compliance route is as follows:

Who will regulate ESOS?The Environment Agency will be the governing body for ESOS.

What happens if I should be in ESOS but fail to provide the necessary compliance?A recent update to the ESOS legislation now states that companies will be penalised for the following failure to comply with ESOS regulations:

• For failure to undertake an ESOS Assessment there will be a discretionary penalty of up to £90,000

• For failure to maintain adequate records to demonstrate compliance with ESOS the penalty that can be applied is £5,000 plus costs for the EA’s auditing activities

• The Environment Agency will have the power to publish information about non-compliance on their website which will be available to the public

• In addition, there is up to a £5,000 plus £500 per day penalty for ignoring notifications from EA, plus £50,000 for giving misleading information

What if I have a significant number of sites, surely I don’t need to have each site audited?It is a necessity within ESOS to have between 90-100% of energy use covered by a compliant route. Through discussions with various accreditation bodies, Hurley Palmer Flatt understand that sampling of buildings should be allowed in the forthcoming Technical Manual to be produced by the Environment Agency and have agreed that the following process may be acceptable.

1. Provide the client with a set of questions in spreadsheet format, all of which will be readily accessible and will include power consumption, GIA and typically those questions which are required within a valid DEC.

2. Guide the client through the questions to ensure that they are validly answered. The purpose of the spreadsheet is to break the building portfolio into specific building types in some detail.

We envisage that estates which have a large amount of similar buildings, for example, retail outlets, will need to be broken down further into sub-types. Only when each sub-set is established, will it provide the basis of the high level minimum sampling required. For each sub-set we would then look at the lowest median and highest energy use sites, and that data would then provide the sampling benchmark.

The client will need a report on all sites, but only ones that have been sampled would need a site visit. We would produce a desktop audit for all remaining locations at a rate considerably below those sites which would require a site visit.

What if I am a tenant in a building, who is responsible for ESOS, myself or the landlord?Where energy is supplied from a landlord to a tenant and the amount of that energy is measured/metered, and known by the tenant, the tenant must include this in their ESOS Assessment.

Where energy is provided from a landlord to a tenant and the amount of that energy is not measured and known to the tenant, for example, where the energy is covered within the service charge, the landlord must include that energy as part of their ESOS Assessment.

If a property changes ownership during any four year period, which owner has the responsibility for ESOS on a given property when it changes hands?Assets that are sold after the qualification date, but before the compliance date, do not need to be audited. The energy use of such assets in the reference period does not need to be included in the participant’s total energy consumption. In the case of the next 12 months, if a property is sold after the 31 December 2014 and before the compliance of 5 December 2015, you do not need to audit the asset.

Assets purchased after the qualification date but before the compliance date do not need to be audited. The energy use of such assets in the reference period does not need to be included in the participant’s total energy consumption.

How can Hurley Palmer Flatt help?Hurley Palmer Flatt have the capabilities and lead assessors to deliver a complete package for ESOS compliance. We have the capabilities to support all compliance routes including implementation of ISO 50001, Display Energy Certificates and ESOS approved Energy Audits.


MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERING

Robert Thorogood, Hurley Palmer Flatt Technical Director, highlights the continuing pressure in the data centre market to reduce energy usage and minimising carbon footprint.

There is continuing pressure in the data centre market; whether as an end-user, a collocation provider or other organisation, to reduce energy usage and minimise their carbon footprint.

The focus over the last few years has been to use alternative cooling systems and UPS technologies to minimise losses, make best use of free-cooling from the local climate, and arrange systems in their most effective and efficient manner over the whole IT load profile, particularly at part load.

TRENDS IN PROVIDING ENERGY TO DATA

CENTRES

This focus has generated some stunning results; PUEs are regularly being delivered at 1.25 or below when at full capacity. Energy use has dropped per unit power delivered to IT loads but IT loads have not reduced and continue to rise as demand continues to grow, despite virtualisation and better use of data centres from an IT perspective.

So where is the focus now? The fundamental IT load is not going to go away even if you had a PUE of 1.0. Even taking into account the new methods of calculating PUE, you still have to provide the power or energy to feed the IT load. So the focus is now on how you provide power or the energy.

With all our projects now, you would look at the types of sources available in a country (hydro, wind and biomass) and you would look at how energy can be generated locally or on-site. This is quite common, but how do you connect it in without affecting resilience?

MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERING

In addition, there are now data centres which are significantly larger in their overall IT load capacity that could be built-out on a site, typically over the last few years IT loads of 5MW to 20MW have been common.

But with scaling using modular build-outs, sites with IT loads of 25MW to 100MW are now being planned or proposed. The question is, do current principle designs scale up to these larger build-outs?

There is a preference to design new-build sites that are carbon neutral (it will be a requirement in the EU from 2019) and this means that we will have to think radically as to how power is provided to the site. One possible solution is to be extremely radical and change the way the infrastructure to a data centre is formed.

Figure 1 (above) shows an example build-out of multiple data centres each with their own IT load, UPS and cooling and generator plant. Figure 2 (below) is a radical alternative; the standby generation is now centralised and combined by using engines that are dual fuel, this is gas and diesel.

The outcome of this is that you can lose the need for a large >110kV and above utility connection which takes years to provide and plan.

It’s food for thought, however the way that energy/power is provided to data centres will have to radically change in the future!

G G G G G G G G

Dual Fuel Generators(Gas/Diesel)

Dual fuelgenerators atN+2 only,located in energy centre

x3 cabled suppliesx3 cabled supplies

Data Centre2400kW IT Load








A side – 11kV B side – 11kV

Figure 2

Figure 1

G G G

G G G

G G G G G G G G G

G G GG G GG G G

G

G = 1760kW/2200kVA generator for ‘N’ loadIncoming utility supply 32MW

= 1760kW/2200kVA generator for ‘+1’

x3 cabled suppliesx3 cabled supplies









A side – 11kV B side – 11kV


SECTION TITLE ARTICLE TITLE RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERINGINTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Developers in the prime residential sector are increasingly turning to AV and IT technologies to enhance their schemes, creating a more intuitive and automated living environment.

With reports suggesting that over the next ten years there will be in excess of 20,000 units delivered in the London market alone, the choices developers take on the technology for these schemes will become increasingly important.

The number of independent technology consultants operating in the residential sector is small when compared with the commercial office fit-out sector. As such developers have often taken advice from AV integrators on the technology solutions they should implement in their schemes. In addition developers are often under pressure from a marketing perspective to keep up with the specification of rival schemes and therefore may include certain hardware on the basis that others have taken the decision to include it.

This approach is, in our opinion, a potential detriment to the scheme. The issues with this approach will only worsen as the relatively small AV integrators in this sector become stretched by the quantity of schemes coming to market.

Residential technology overviewThe AV and IT technologies that are typical on prime residential schemes can be logically separated into two discrete categories; ‘landlord systems’ and ‘apartment systems’ (details on the next page).

ChallengesThe design approach to apartment systems can vary widely, and is the subject of much focus on projects. A wrong decision has the potential to cause commissioning and operational issues later in the project programme or indeed after completion.

For any prime residential apartment it is expected that there will be extensive cabling infrastructure to support the control systems and distribution of data, video and audio. Indeed one can expect there to be integrated controls that provide an intuitive interface for control of lighting, blinds, door entry systems and HVAC.

There is a divergence in approach regarding the extent of ‘AV’ equipment that developers provide the purchaser prior to occupation.

Many choose to adopt a ‘halfway house’ approach in that they will provide some AV equipment. This might include some multi-zone audio, speakers and bathroom displays for example. This would be fine except that many apartment owners will want to add their own AV hardware after handover of their apartment. This can cause issues because the integrated control system that has brought together the control of all the home automation, is often a proprietary manufacturers’ system which requires bespoke programming by the integrator’s programmer if it is to provide control over the additional hardware. So as soon as they accept their apartment and enquire about adding/changing the AV hardware, they are presented with a costly quotation for programmer services and having to provide access to engineers for what could amount to days to test and commission the control of the additional hardware. None of this is an ideal first impression for the new apartment owner.

There are other issues that arise as a result of this situation including:The integrators on-site resource that completes the remaining phased handover of apartments on a floor by floor basis, become distracted by the new requests to make changes or add hardware.

Each apartment now has different programming codes making the support of the systems harder to administer.

The choice of hardware that the developer has chosen to install for day one may dictate the additional hardware that an owner could add to the system, thus limiting them from using their preferred AV platforms without deciding to ignore the installed systems and move to a separate control interface.

Owners are unlikely to change the lighting and HVAC hardware in their apartments; however the AV systems will most likely be upgraded or added to frequently. Every time an owner decides to do this they would need to involve the programming company if they wanted to retain control through the home automation systems control interface.

Oliver Morgan, Hurley Palmer Flatt, AV Consultant discusses the increasing use of technology within the residential sector to enhance their schemes.

One could suggest the apartments should only be installed with infrastructure. The pace of change in the consumer AV market is extremely fast and the choice of products and platforms are now large which is another reason for such an approach. Many products now coming to market are controllable via a variety of methods such as:

» IR remotes

» IP

» Android applications

» iOS applications

» Hand gestures

» Voice recognition

This allows users to control these devices from a variety of wireless devices that they own and they are free to upgrade and change hardware as they wish.

In summary the pros and cons of this suggested approach are as follows:

Pros » Flexible infrastructure allows owners to make choices on the

AV technology that meet their specific needs and not those determined by the developer

» AV controls are kept separate from the home automation system meaning that should either system be offline due to hardware failure/upgrades, etc. the other system is not effected

» The developer is not procuring technology that may become outdated by the time the owners move in

» Owners can upgrade/change their AV technology at any point without engaging with the third party programmers

» Owners can bring in their own hardware on day one and have it working immediately utilising the installed infrastructure

» Owners can use their own wireless devices such as phones/tablets, etc. for control and do not need to involve third party programmers when they change these devices

» Neither the developer nor apartment owner is tied into any service contract or requirement to have a service contract with an AV company

» Active AV hardware systems that may be included with the premium apartments will be significantly more cost- effective when compared with the typical integrated home automation platform hardware equivalent products

Cons » Remote access to control AV systems from locations away

from the apartment may be more challenging/not viable

» The marketing department will not be able to refer to active AV systems being provided as part of the fit-out in the one and two bedroom apartments

» Owners will have to use either two separate interfaces such as a wall mounted keypad and their own wireless device to control HVAC/lighting or AV respectively. Another option is to use two different control applications on the same wireless device to control the HVAC/Lighting or AV respectively


INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTORRESIDENTIAL ENGINEERING RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERING

Apartment systemsThe apartment systems can include all the AV and IT systems for the integrated control of the apartment and general entertainment. This can include extensive cabling infrastructure to support the distribution of data, video and audio throughout the apartment.

A key element of the apartments’ AV and IT infrastructure strategy is a Home Network Distribution System (HNDS) into which the apartments’ internal TV, AV and IT cabling infrastructure is terminated and to nearby, any incoming services such as TV, internet and telephone are presented. This is in essence a wall mounted enclosure with various patch panels for distributing data, TV and video/audio throughout the apartment.

The enclosure should be as shallow as possible to maximise the amount of space available for an active equipment rack.

Touch panels and keypads for the control of a variety of systems including door entry, lighting, blinds, HVAC, AV, etc.

An apartment control system allows occupants to control various elements of their apartment, e.g. audio-visual systems, HVAC systems, lighting and blinds, video entry systems, etc.

The control interface may be a mixture of keypads, touch panels of apps on user devices such as iOS/Android handsets and tablets.

Multi-zone audio distribution systems and speakersMulti-zone audio distribution can be achieved by providing a central multi-zone amplifier that distributes audio to the speakers throughout the apartment via the speaker cabling infrastructure.

Multi-zone video distribution systemsThere are now a variety of manufacturers producing good quality 4K compliant video distribution matrices that utilise the structured cabling for signal distribution. These typically come in four input/four output chassis or eight input/eight output chassis with input/output cards used to populate that chassis as required.

Bathroom or kitchen TVsThe provision of interactive displays for use in the kitchen area or in-tile/mirror TV’s in bathrooms can help differentiate schemes.

Remote access to apartment systemsThe ability for apartment owners to control the technology in their apartments whilst away from home is now commonplace. However developers should be careful with how this element is designed as there are significant security implications if not done correctly.

Landlord systemsThe landlord systems include the site-wide infrastructure for all the central AV and IT systems that deliver services to the apartments and Front of House (FOH) areas. This typically includes:

Concierge servicesA dedicated concierge package may be implemented that allows residents to utilise a concierge service through a variety of devices such as:

» PC – web based access

» iPad/iPhone

» Android/BlackBerry, etc

A concierge system can be tailored to offer an extensive list of features and some of the more common features include:

» Managing guest lists

» Valet

» Communication with property managers

» Reservation of in-house services such as meeting rooms/spas, etc

» Viewing of building security cameras

» Reporting of faults

» Delivery management

» External services such as restaurants/theatre/flowers, etc

» In-house event notifications

Fibre To The Premises (FTTP) broadband and telephone servicesMany new residential schemes are now able to install the infrastructure for the BT Openreach FTTP service.

In addition, some developers choose to install private circuit services, some of which claim to offer 1GB internet service speeds.

Residents’ amenities including services to gyms, screening rooms, spas, etcThe Residents’ amenities are an important feature on many prime residential schemes offering exclusive facilities for residents, these often include:

» Residents’ lounge

» Gym and spa facilities

» Screening room

Converged landlords’ network to support the above and various other building management technologies such a voice, WLAN, BMS, etc.

Satellite, TV, and radio feeds from a central satellite dish farmA building-wide TV distribution infrastructure is typically provided; this consists of a dish farm with circa four satellite dishes to offer a comprehensive range of access to UK and foreign satellites and channels to cater for all the likely requirements of residents and FOH areas.

Door entry/access control systemsAccess control can take varying forms in prime residential schemes. Traditionally access control systems comprised of dedicated analogue audio, and in most cases video relay between building entry points and apartments.

We have observed a migration from analogue systems to IP systems operating on the landlords’ LAN. This has meant the opportunity for control system manufacturers to offer inter-operability with their touch panels, now negating the requirement for dedicated analogue panels.

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Documents

Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme · The UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) is a mandatory energy assessment and energy saving identification scheme for large undertakings