Energy savings in urban rail transport – 90 years of

Meeting ’Energy consumption reduction in urban rail system’PolSCABrussels 22 X 2010

Energy savings in urban rail transport –90 years of research and applications

–Polish casePrepared byAdam Szeląg, D.Sc. Ph.D. M.Sc. El. Eng., MIET, WUT Director of Institute of Electrical Machinesprofessor of Warsaw University of TechnologyElectric Traction Division //www.ztu.ime.pw.edu.ple-mail:[email protected]

Presentedby M.Sc. El. Eng. Marek Patoka


Agenda

Presentation of Warsaw University of Technology as a didacticand research center in the area of urban transport

Electric urban transport in Poland – current state and perspectives

Suggested topics and areas of interest for Polish researchersand urban transport companies within the policy of 7FP


Warsaw University of TechnologyPolitechnika Warszawska

• main public Technical University in Poland• founded in 1826• 19 Faculties cover topics from engineering to economy,

business and marketing, • 32000 students, 950 Ph.D. students,• courses in English available at Faculties: Architecture,

Chemical Eng., Electronics and Computer Science, ElectricalEng., Civil Eng., Management and Production Eng., Environmental Eng., Mathematics and Computer Science, Mechanics, Power and Aerospace, Mechatronics,

• over 4500 graduates (B.Sc, M.Sc.) in 2009 • 2500 of academic staff• income in 2008: 144mln euro


Departments active in transport andenergy science

• Electrical Engineering (Institute of ElectricalMachines, Electric Traction Division).

• Transport,

• Automobile and Heavy Industry Machinery,

• Civil Engineering


Institute of Electrical MachinesElectric Traction Division

Director of InstituteD.Sc. Ph.D. El. Eng. Adam SzelągProf. of WUT, MIET•Member of Warsaw Underground Comp.Scientific-Technical Council•Member of Scientific Council ofRailway Institute•Member of Scientific Council of Electrotechnical Institute•Member of Council of High Speed Railways in Poland, chief of energy group•Secretary of Electric Traction Section of Electrotechnical Committeeof Polish Academy of Sciences•Author and co-author of 2 books, 1 monography and a chapter on ‘Ground transportation systems’ in Wiley’s Encyclopedia of Electronic andElectrical Eng. (USA, 2000), over 150 papers and articles, over 80 researchand application works, studies and analyses, 3 patents, tutor of 2 Ph.D. works


Staff at Institute of ElectricalMachines

• 3 full professors, 4 university professors

• 16 doctors, 3 assistants, 7 technical staff,

• 6 Ph.D. students,

• 3 Divisions:– Electrical Machines,

– Construction of Electrical Devices,

– Electric Traction


Achievements of the Electric TractionDivision

Within period 1990-2010:� over 350 papers and articles,� 90 analyses, research grants and applied works,

including 2 works within 5FP and 2 PHARE studies,� Didactic and research laboratories,� Awarded for didactic and scientific works by:

- the Prime Minister of Poland (2009),- Ministry of Transport, - the Rector of Warsaw University of Technology

Electric Traction Division exists from 1921 – establishedby prof. Roman Podoski


Modules on electrified railways and interoperability issues in CEEC were derived by Warsaw University of Technology with co-operation of experts from śilina University, Slovakia.

EC Project UserGroup and InfoBank to support rail interoperability. GMA2-2000 –32015 Warsaw University of Technology was a subcontractor to the consortium composed of University of Genoa, Bombardier Transportation, Enotrac and AEIF.2002-2003

3.

Conceptual design and pilot installation of ERTMS system on E-20 railway line (section Kunowice-Warsaw) were worked out. Assumptions and recommendations for tender documents were derived.

PHARE Project no PL9309/0202 „ETCS Pilot Installation on the E20 Kunowice-Warsaw line (Feasibility Study). (ITALFERR Italy and Warsaw University of Technology), 1997-1998

2.

Alternative conceptual design of 3kV DC power supply on the E-20 railway line in Poland (section Kunowice-Warsaw) was derived. Technical effectiveness and CBA analysis wereperformed.

PHARE Project no PL 9309/0203 „Power Supply Study for E-20 Railway Line Kunowice–Warsaw section” (ITALFERR, Italy and Warsaw University of Technology), 1996-1997

1.

DescriptionTopic


Centre organised accompanying measures i.e. enhancing research activity of Institute of Electrical Machines in the area of electrified transport and electrical machines.

The work programme included:- conferences, seminars and workshops,- Ph.D. and postgraduate study and short

courses,- Dissemination of knowledge and

promotional activities,- Co-operation with other research

institutions and industries.

Centre of Excellence EESEMC

“Ecological and Highly Efficient systems and Equipment for Electromechanical Energy Conversion” FP5 , 2003-2005

5.

Analysis of the existing state and conceptual design of Slovenian railway power supplywere performed for the traffic prognosis up to 2020. Implementation of SCADA system in power supply was also proposed.

Technical Assistance for the implementation remote control of fixed installations for electric traction system on Slovenian railway network (Holland RailConsult, Austro-Consult, Kolprojekt, Omega-Consult) ISPA Project, 2002-2003,

4.

DescriptionTopic


Main area of researchThe Electric Traction Division carries out works on design, testing and exploitation of electrical railway transport, sub-urban and urban traction. Mainly it is focused on:- analysis of operation of traction vehicle supplying DC & AC systems,- analysis of electric traction systems for high speed trains,- analysis, study and design of electric traction supply systems andcatenary,

- problems of optimisation of electric vehicles' control,- mutual influence between electric traction systems and power utility systems,

- environmental aspects of transport,- analysis, study and designing of electric traction vehicles' drive supplied by DC and AC traction systems,

- control of electric traction drive with DC and AC motors,- unconventional sources of energy and drive for traction vehicles,- analysis of compatibility of electric traction systems.


Main works in urban transport1. Analysis of functioning and modernisation possibilities

of DC tram supply system in Warsaw. 1985-19872. New methods of DC tram supply system design.

(Research grant -sponsored by the Polish Government). 1986-1990 (Working out of the theoretical methods and the software for analysis, verification of the method with the measurements).

3. Analysis of functioning and modernisation possibilities of DC tram supply system in Elbląg,1987

4. Principles of bilateral DC supplying network for trams and trolley buses in Poland. (Grant sponsored by the Polish Government), 1989

5. Development trends of supply systems in the urbanelectrical traction. (Grant sponsored by the Polish Government),1989

6. Reliability, availability and energy saving in electric traction systems for large urban agglomerations. Grant State Committee for Scientific Research.1993-1996


Research and application works …7. Analysis of technical effectiveness of regenerative braking in

METROPOLIS metro trains series TC/M Alstom taking int o account current power supply system of Warsaw Underground Comp.,Warsaw, 2000

8. Analysis of consumption and working-out of algorithm of sharing the energy usage between specified traction vehicles. Study work for Polish State Railways, 2000

9. Analysis and measurements of tram power supply in Elbląg-Poland due to the introduction of new trams manufactured by PESA-Bydgoszcz SA

10. Comparison of costs of exploitation of railway diesel and electric vehicles, 2006

11.Concept design of the central part of the second line of Warsaw Metro power supply. 2008 (suggested application of energy storage device for energy savings and emergency power supply to allow the trains move to the station in a case of ‘blackout’ of supply)

12. Concept design of power supply for trams on the route of Most Pólnocny (North Bridge) in Warsaw. 2008, work for Schuessler-Plan and Warsaw Trams (analysed option with orientation to reduce energyconsumption and increase reliability of supply due to bilateral supply)


Research and application works…

12. Analysis of application of 750DC power supply system for WKD line (suburban tram line in Warsaw area). 2009 (suggested change of supplysystem from 660V DC to 3kV DC as in railways due to increase powerdemand and allowing the rolling stock to be used on railway lines)

13. Preparation of part of the Law of Ministry of Infrastructure concerned power supply conditions and requirements towards metroconstructions and infrastructure. 2009

14. Power supply study of Warsaw Trams. 2010-2011 (preparation ofpower supply system for service of new 186 trams and effective utilizationof recuperation capabilities)

15. Application of ultracapacitance for increasing effectiveness in urbantransport (project with Electrotechnical Institute). 2009-2011 (application of ultracapacitance storage devices to reduce energyconsumption and power supply capacity in small trolley bus and tram systems instead of building rectifier substations)


Other Polish univeristies and institutesconducting researches on urban

transport

• Technical Universities in Gdańsk, Cracow, Silesia Area, Łódź, Radom, Poznań,

• Railway Institute,• Electrotechnical Institute in Warsaw-Mi ędzylesie• Institute of Urban Areas and Housing (IGPiM),• Industry- rolling stock and infrastructure

(Pesa, Newag, Solaris, Medcom, Enika, Woltan) and

branches of world-wide companies


Movable ultracapacitance in trams and trolley buses orinstalled in traction substation or connected to catenary–

derived by Electrotechnical Institute-Warsaw-Międzylesie


Electrotechnical Institute-Mi ędzylesie prizes obtainedfor supercapacitance module installed in tractionvehicles (trams, trolley buses) tested in Warsaw, Lubli n and Kaunas (Lithuania)


Electric urban transport in Poland

• 3900 tram wagons, mainly old type in 14 city areas (Bydgoszcz, Częstochowa, Elbląg, Gdańsk ,Gorzów Wlkp.,Grudziądz, Silesia Conurbation, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Szczecin, Toruń, Warszawa, Wrocław), only few withrecuperation capability,

• 1900 km of track,• Average distance of a tram per year: 50000 km • Assuming 4,5kWh/tram km it gives

4,5 x 50000 = 225 MWh/year per tram with 2-wagon set!if only 1800 trams are in service it gives:225 x 1800 = 405 000 MWh/per year and 40mln euro!Modern trams with recuperation allow energy reduction to 3,3kWh/tramkm

Savings: 108 000 MWh/yearand over10 mln euroandreduction of coal usage in power plants in31800t and CO2 emmision in 117660 t!

TRAMS


Tram systems development

��Warsaw Trams – new lines,186 new trams under deliveryby PESA

Other cities are preparing for EURO 2012(Gdańsk, Poznań, Wrocław,Cracow) or just modernizing systems


• 169 trolley buses

in 3 city-areas (Gdynia-Sopot, Tychy, Lublin)

average one-year distance: 45000km,

modernization of rolling stock and powersupply

Electric urban transport in Poland

Trolley bus in Lublin using EI ultracapacitancestorage device


Warsaw MetroI-st line, 23km (black line)22 Russian 6-wagon old-type trains18 Alstom 6-wagon modern trainsover 500000 passengers/working dayenergy consumption 57000 MWh/year

II-nd line (red line)length 31km, central 6-km sectionunder construction35 6-wagon trains to be deliveredby consortium Siemens-Newag(Polish)- just announced 14 X 2010- traffic demand as for the I-st line


Reduction of peak power due to the application ofenergy storage device on II-nd line of Warsaw

Underground (concept)

2

6

1300 1400

4PT, zasobnik, 180s4PT, bez zasobnika3PT, bez zasobnika3PT, zasobnik,180s

t[s]

P[M

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Przebieg mocy PT Swietokrzyska


Focus on electric transport in Poland-main goals

• Improvement of the quality of service to attract morepassengers and reduction of road traffic andenvironmental pollution,

• Reduction of energy consumption and peak power,• Purchase of new and re-engineering old rolling stock,• Reconstruction of infrastructure (incl. power supply

system) to cope with higher power delivery demandsand to obtain effective utilization of recuperation,

• Estimated results: reduction of energy consumptionup to 120000MWh (11 mln euro) and 130000t CO2emmision/year!


In order to obtain these aims properrequirements should be fulfilled:

�Transfer of higher subsidies to electrictransport operators for modernizationpurposes,

�Dissemination of knowledge and technology, which requires co-operation of researchcentres, industry and electric transport operators.


Suggested topics for 7FP

• Development and application of energy savingtechnologies for reduction of energy consumption inCentral and East European (CEEC) urban transport systems,

• Creation of research, industry and transport operatorscentres for dissemination of knowledge for energysaving policy (purchase of new rolling stock is not enough!) and forcing changes in power law to allowtreating ‘recuperation energy’ as ‘green energy’, which could promote effective solutions for energyand CO2 emmision reduction(UIC 330 leaflet may be applied),


Suggestions for 7FP• Effects of energy consumption reduction in railway

systems are expected to be visible gradually in longdistance terms. Thus, it is important to take into account the effect of energy saving such as calculation of the costs of the LCC rolling stock, normally utilised for 30 years or more. However, it requires a clear specification of the methodology of calculation (e.g providing a standard cycle of the vehicle motion).

• Other very important issues include the problem ofenergy consumption by utilized, often very energy-intensive fleet and the advisability of modernization.


Conclusionso Poland and other CEEC have still potential within

electrified transport systems, academia, research andindustry but the infrastructure and transport systems are underinvested.

o The modernisation of the main lines within Trans-European corridors is treated in CEEC as a priority, butan urban transport, due to strong automobile industry lobby, needs a significant long-term support from EU bodies.

o Currently the superior task is to continue undertaking strategic activities such as implementation of new technology and solutions in the technical infrastructure of urban transport in order to meet all the requirements of standards and other regulations oriented towards energysavings.


Conclusions

• Weakness of technical infrastructure of urban transport systems, specifically tram networks constructed years ago in Poland and CEEC countries impede competition withroad transport. It creates ‘bottlenecks’ for energy savingand environmentally friendly policy in the populatedareas.

• There is a need to increase involvement of Polish andCEEC specialists in the European projects, which make a platform for solving problems within electric urbantransport in Europe.

• It should be pointed out that specific situation of publictransport in this region requires an approach taking into account local environment in global European aspect.


Thank you for attention

Documents

Energy savings in urban rail transport – 90 years of