Energy-saving technologies for refrigerated rolling stock that meets international environmental standards

VNIIZhT (Russian Railway Research Institute)

S.N. Naumenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences,

Head Department of Railway Electrification and Power Supply, VNIIZhT

Accelerated method of determining the coefficient of heat transmission in the body of a refrigerated transport vehicle

Aim: to reduce (several times) the length of time taken to conduct tests

Area of application: bodies of refrigerated transport vehicles (wagons, containers, motor vehicles, locomotives, aeroplanes…)

• Reducing length of time for tests

• Reducing energy consumption

• Increasing productivity of test stations

Comparison of duration of tests

Advantages of the method:

Technological tests of locomotive cabin at test station

Tests of refrigerated transport vehicles are conducted in accordance with the “Agreement on international transport of perishable foodstuff products on special transport vehicles designed for this transport”, ratified by 40 countries

Fig.Fig. 1. 1. A layer of oil on the surface of the heat exchanger prevents heat loss.A layer of oil on the surface of the heat exchanger prevents heat loss. Fig. 2. Modifier molecules extract oil molecules from the surface layer, thereby increasing the Fig. 2. Modifier molecules extract oil molecules from the surface layer, thereby increasing the coefficient of heat loss.coefficient of heat loss.

FreonFreon

OilOil

ModifierModifier

Energy-saving mechanisms in refrigeration

Results of experiments on ZIL domestic refrigerators

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Hours

kWh

per

day

R12

R12 LE

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Hours

Rel

ativ

e po

wer

con

sum

ptio

nС10М

M 1LE

R12

Addition of “LE” modifier to R12 monofreon reduces power consumption by 8–12%

Addition of “LE” modifier to C10M1 mixed freon reduces power consumption by 8% on average

Relative power consumption by ZIL 64 refrigerator

ZIL 277 refrigerators’ energy consumption

Energy-saving technology is being introduced on the railway network

M1LE freon in the MAB-II air conditioning unit

LE class freons were awarded a diploma and gold medal at the 57th World Innovation Salon (Brussels, 2004)

Refrigeration units’ energy consumption rates

• In developed countries, various types of refrigerating machines consume up to 15% and more of the annual total energy generated.

• In the USA, such expenditure exceeds the total energy produced in France in one year, and a 1 per cent saving in the energy consumption of Canada’s refrigeration installations could save 100,000 tonnes of oil per year.

• The rate of growth in the refrigerated climate equipment market in some countries is reaching 20–30% per year.

• Russia is experiencing a steady rate of growth – 25% per year.

Design of 52PzV-350 AGM sealed battery with thermostatic control

1 – accumulator block2 – electrodes block3 – metal radiator4 – heating element5, 6 – accumulator block electrodes7 – thermoswitch8 – actuator (starter) component9 – support grid for electrodes10 – accumulator block cover11 – connecting wires with protective insulation

Change in charging rate and charge of wagon (sealed) normal type PzV350-400 (Gel and AGM) lead-acid accumulators

Meeting of the Russian Railways fuel and energy section|04 August 2011

70

50

2 4 6 8

Uch

Ich

I, A

0

30

40

60

t, hour

2,7

2,6

2,5

2,4

2,3

U3, Вwhen t = - 40оС

Qоtd -15Аh

Meeting of the Russian Railways fuel and energy section|04 August 2011

70

50

2 4 6 8

Uch

Ich

I, A

0

30

40

60

t, hour

2,7

2,6

2,5

2,4

2,3

U3, В

Qоtd -150Аh

when Т=-40оС

Change in charging rate and charge of wagon (sealed) accumulators after modernisation

System concept

CONVERTER

Reefers line

Reefers line socket at terminal

Train line socket at terminal

Train line

17

Thank you for your interest