Energy Saving

Options for Arenas

N.S. Nesbit Memorial Arena Minden, Ontario Component One

Presented to:

Mr. T. Whillans Mr. R. Cox

Prepared by: Miss Caitlin Rochon

Miss Brittney Wielgos

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Table of contents

Introduction and Project description 3

Energy Systems 4

Geothermal Energy Technology

Case Study 1: Riverview Curling Club

Case Study 2: Barrhead Arena

Off-Peak Cooling 9

Case Study 3: The Dow Centennial Centre

Desiccant Dehumidification 14

Case Study 4: Kentwood Ice Arena

RETScreen Prefeasibility Analysis 16

Conclusion 17

List of Figures

Figure 1: Ice Kube Geoexchange Systems for two buildings 5

Figure 2: Installation of an Ice Kube geoexchange system 6

Figure 3: Geoexchange heat pump system 7

Figure 4: Ice Ball Thermal Storage 10

Figure 5: Desiccant Dehumidification Technology 15

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Introduction and Project Description

Located just one hour north of Lindsay on Highway #35; West of Haliburton; South

of Dorset; is the small town of Minden, population less than 6000. Here you will find S.G.

Nesbitt Memorial Arena an indoor rink open seasonally from August 1st to March 31st.

The arena is active with public skating, figure skating and ice skating lessons, ice hockey

and hockey clinics.

The current infrastructure of the arena is not meeting the growing needs of the community.

Currently the building has vinyl crown, reflective ‘e’ ceiling. One third was replaced a few

years ago; the remaining was installed 15-16 years ago. The roof is steel and the building

lacks insulation of any kind, there are two dehumidifiers that control the humidity,

however, they are both outdated. During winter months the outdoor temperature matches

that of the indoor temperature, a very uncomfortable atmosphere for spectators. This is

similar during spring/summer months where temperatures are too warm, the

dehumidifiers are affected by the outdoor humidity, and evidently the ice begins to melt.

There have been many reported cases of fog and pooling on the ice surface, posing safety

hazards for both facility users and staff.

The current refrigeration system is outdated and needs to be replaced within the next few

years. The general manager expressed an interest in exploring high-efficiency options in

replacement for the refrigeration system. Presently, the system runs off of propane, which

may not be a feasible alternative as energy costs continue to increase. In addition, the

Minden Curling Club, which also has an outdated refrigeration system is situated uphill 200

meters from the refrigeration room of the arena. Thus, the potential for a combined

refrigeration system is possible.

This project has been divided into three different components: this report summarizes

component one, which investigates different energy efficient heating and cooling options

for the arena and curling club. Component two explores energy efficient insulation and

lighting options, and component three looks into water conservation techniques and

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technology. Each component takes into consideration energy-efficient options as well as

unknown future uses of the facility.

Geothermal Arena Technology

Geothermal or ‘geoexchange’ systems take advantage of solar energy stored in the

ground where the temperature remains constant at approximately 12°C throughout the

year. In the winter, heat pumps are used to extract heat from the ground or ground water

and transfer it into buildings for space heating or hot water heating. In the summer, the

heat pumps reverse the process, removing heat from the building and returning it to the

ground cooling the building (BC Hydro, 2005).

The company chosen to provide the geothermal system for this project is Ice Kube

Systems out of Brandon, Manitoba. In addition to supporting the Canadian economy there

have been many installation of this system throughout North America and particularly in

the northern states and Canada. Many resources are available that discuss the process of

installation and there is a wealth of case studies with the exact system the Minden arena

would require. Ice Kube Systems also designs systems that are more effective in northern

climates.

A geothermal heat pump system consists of pipes buried in the ground, a heat

exchanger and ductwork into the building. The ‘loop’ of pipes is buried vertically or

horizontally near or beneath the building. The loop circulates a fluid that absorbs heat or

relinquishes heat to the surrounding soil depending on the temperature of the ambient air

in contrast to the soil (BC Hydro, 2005).

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Figure 1: Ice Kube Geoexchange Systems for two buildings

Geothermal ice rinks apply some of the same principles of conventional

refrigeration systems with entirely different design. Heat pumps can extract heat from fluid

from as low as -18°C and as high as 27°C to maintain the ice while warming water up to

43°C. The large temperature range capacity of the heat pumps allows for excellent design

flexibility that is ideal in retrofitting outdated arenas. As well, depending on the availability

of design space the system can adequately provide space heating and service hot water.

Conversely, geothermal ice rinks have several components that are unique to their systems.

For example, the ground heat exchanger (GHX) provides a secondary energy source for the

heat pumps as well as a medium to temporarily store thermal energy taken from the ice

when it can’t be used in the building. The same heat pumps can also extract energy from

the GHX to provide heat for the building even when refrigeration is not needed. Additional

heat pumps in other areas of the building, or even in another building, can be connected to

the same GHX to provide space heating, and service hot water heating. They can also reject

energy to the GHX and provide air conditioning in the buildings connected to the GHX

(Bryson, 2007).

Removing the existing pad and replacing it with a pad 5 to 8 times thicker would

provide an additional energy source without affecting the temperature of the rink itself.

The increased thickness of the floor would allow for the absorption of large amounts of

energy during peak ice times. As well when the heat pumps are making or chilling the

thermal storage buffer under the ice they will simultaneously provide heating to the

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building for free. Having separately controlled heat pumps from different heat sources

allows one heat pump to provide refrigeration directly to the ice, a second heat pump to

sub-cool the thermal storage buffer for a hockey game later in the day, while a third heat

pump can withdraw additional energy from the GHX to provide full heating capacity to the

building if needed. In the summer, all of the heat pumps can chill the ice during peak use

while only one of them provides the necessary heat to the building (Bryson, 2007).

Customer comfort is typically very high with geothermal systems, since heating and

cooling can be done simultaneously and the systems offer zone control of heating levels. As

well, geoexchange systems work by concentrating naturally existing heat, rather than by

producing heat through the combustion of fossil fuels, thus reducing greenhouse gas

emissions. Geoexchange systems do not use commercial refrigeration chemicals and

procedures making it more environmentally friendly and the installation easier and more

straightforward since a refrigeration ticket is not required (BC Hydro, 2005).

Figure 2: Installation of an Ice Kube geoexchange system

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Figure 3: Geoexchange Heat Pump System

Case Study 1: Riverview Curling Club (Brandon, Manitoba)

In 1993, the Riverview Curling Club in Brandon wanted to install air conditioning

and replace the heating system in the lounge of their 5-sheet curling club.

They made the decision to replace the gas furnace with a geothermal heat pump.

Three years later, the club was faced with the cost of replacing the chiller barrel of their ice

plant and rebuilding the compressor. The board of directors decided instead to replace

their ice plant with two Ice Kube water-to-water heat pumps. They also opted to replace a

second gas furnace and the gas unit heaters in the ice area with geothermal heat pumps.

The club was also experiencing problems with high humidity in the ice shed during startup.

The cost of repairing the existing ice plant, installing a dehumidification system for

the ice area, replacing the gas furnaces and adding air conditioning was estimated at

$70,000. The cost of installing the integrated system to make ice, dehumidify the ice area,

and heat and cool the building was $106,000, including the cost of drilling the vertical earth

loop beside the club. The existing sand floor was left in place. The header was replaced and

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the existing rink pipe was connected to it. The salt brine was replaced with methanol

antifreeze.

Since the installation of the integrated system, the maintenance costs have virtually

disappeared and energy costs have averaged $13,000 per year. The club has been able to

generate additional revenue because air conditioning is available in the lounge area. The

air-conditioning system is able to cool the entire ice area during the off-season. The

icemaker is able to maintain better ice conditions as a direct result of the dehumidifier that

was added to the system.

With the conventional system, the icemaker was required to monitor the refrigerant

pressures several times per day. This took about 1½ hours per day. Since the installation of

the integrated geothermal system, that time has been available for other maintenance of

the building. At the beginning and end of each season, the club called a service technician to

start up the system properly, at a cost of approximately $1,200 annually (if no repairs were

needed). These start up procedures were eliminated with the Ice Kube System, since start

up is as simple as turning on power to the units, which is based on the club's schedule

rather than the service companies.

"The Ice Kube System has lowered operating costs. It's been easier to control ice and

building temperatures, and the system has been very reliable and easy to operate and start-

up. Virtually no maintenance has been required since installation. We would definitely

recommend the system to other curling clubs and hockey rinks."

– Riverview Curling Club

Case Study 2: Barrhead Arena (Barrhead, Alberta)

The old "barn" in Barrhead, AB had served the community well for 50 years, but a

growing population and operating and maintenance costs for the old rink demanded a new

multi-purpose facility to provide space for other events including the annual summer

rodeo. The community decided to connect the rink to the existing swimming pool and to

recover some of the heat from the ice rink. As well, a 400-seat multi-purpose

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room/community hall is located between the rink and the pool and a walking track is part

of the ice area concourse.

Six Ice Kube geoexchage heat pump units provide the refrigeration capacity for the

ice rink while simultaneously providing heat for the radiant floor heating system

throughout most of the building, including the change rooms, the lobby, the connecting link

between the arena and the pool, and the ice rink area. If heat is not needed in the building,

it is stored in a horizontal earth loop adjacent to the building.

An additional Ice Kube unit draws heat energy from the earth loop to provide heat

to the swimming pool, greatly reducing natural gas consumption and greenhouse gas

emissions. Several other heat pumps provide heating and air conditioning for the second

floor restaurant and lounge, the multi-purpose room and lobby.

A dehumidification/heat/cool unit connected to the earth loop provides humidity

control for the ice area, as well as providing 16-18 tons of air conditioning and 250,000

btuh (75 kW) of heat if needed, allowing much more use of the rink area (Ice Kube Systems,

2006).

Off-Peak Cooling

Air conditioning is usually the largest electrical load of commercial buildings.

Simply changing to an off peak electricity consumption schedule can reduce on-peak

demand by over 1,200 MW and reducing the demand on power generation facilities. As

well, it can reduce air conditioning energy costs by 20-50% and protect the environment by

reducing emissions since the ‘dirtiest’ power plants operate at peak hours (Williams,

2004).

Off-Peak Cooling involves making ice at night when electricity demands and energy

costs are lowest, using the temperature of the ice during the day to provide cooling or other

cooling processes. Ice thermally stores energy providing the cooling capacity necessary to

maintain air conditioning during the day without operating energy-intensive chillers. Ice

has unique physical properties that permit high ‘heat of fusion’ storage, or the ability to

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convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in

temperature acting as a thermal battery (Williams, 2004).

Innovative Cooling Technologies (Ottawa) is the only Canadian supplier of Ice Balls.

Ice Balls are 10.3cm diameter spheres constructed of high performance polyethylene and

filled with water to form ice for cool energy storage. They are placed in storage tanks,

charged (frozen), and discharged (melted) by means of circulating a glycol based heat

transfer fluid around them. Ice Balls are more efficient mechanisms than Ice-On-Coil tanks

since they do not contain fragile coils surrounded by water. Ice-on-coil systems pass a

refrigerant or warmed refrigerant through the coils resulting in uneven freezing and

melting, ultimately leading to expensive air pumps and other products to prevent ice caps,

ice bridging, flow channeling and even overcharging that can damage the tanks and cripple

performance (Innovative Cooling Technologies of Canada, 2010).

Figure 4: Ice Ball Thermal Storage

Off-Peak Cooling Process

1. Charge Cycle – Ice Making

A glycol/water mix is chilled to typically -5°C to -2°C by the chiller. The super-

chilled glycol circulates through the Ice Balls in the storage tank freezing them to

make ice. A smaller chiller than traditional AC systems can often be used due to the

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advantages of thermal energy storage and the optimal performance and efficiency

achieved by operating at night in more favorable ambient conditions. Charging

occurs during off-peak hours at night when electricity costs are the lowest.

2. Discharge Cycle – Ice Melting

During discharge mode the chiller is bypassed. The glycol solution is circulated

extracting the heat from air cooling systems and is then fed into the storage tank of

ice. The warmer glycol melts the ice, the process of which re-cools the glycol. The

chilled glycol (this time by the Ice Balls instead of the chiller) is pumped back to the

load to provide air conditioning (or process cooling) and the loop is repeated. The

discharge cycle is used during the day to satisfy peak load demand when air

conditioning is required the most. By using ice to cool the glycol the chillers are off-

line during the day dramatically reducing the peak electricity load and saving

thousands of dollars.

3. Standby Mode – Traditional AC

In standby mode the thermal energy storage is bypassed and the chiller provides

cooling directly without using ice. This allows ice to be conserved for later periods

with higher demand or times of highest electricity prices (Innovative Cooling

Technologies of Canada, 2010).

In conjunction with Off-Peak Cooling, Ice Kube Systems manufactures water-to-

water heat pumps designed to operate efficiently and nearly double the operating

efficiency of the system. The heat pumps produce chilled water to build ice in the tanks

while making warm fluid that can heat the building, preheat domestic water, provide

radiant heat for snowmelt, etc. As well, many Canadian locations still require cooling after

the afternoon heat loads, ice buildup the previous night is used for air conditioning the next

day.

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Implementing Off-Peak Cooling in conjunction with the geothermal system would

decrease energy consumption and provide energy availability to the Minden Curling Club

so that the system could easily support both facilities.

Case Study 3: The Dow Centennial Centre (Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta)

The Dow Centennial Centre is a multi-purpose facility that services the cultural and

recreational needs of the community. The facility incorporates a NHL sized arena, a leisure

ice rink, a 450-seat performing arts theatre, an art gallery, pottery studio, banquet rooms, a

full-size indoor soccer field, and a 5,000 sq. ft. fitness centre with running track. Energy

efficiency and Canada’s commitment to the Kyoto protocol led to the use of an energy-

efficient ammonia refrigeration system for the refrigeration of the ice rinks, with the

capability of recycling all of the rejected heat back into the building environment as well as

providing air conditioning.

For the thermal energy storage medium, the “thermal battery” system filled with

plastic spheres called Ice Balls was used. Due to its storing of thermal energy using phase

change instead of temperature change, the “thermal battery” minimized space (90%

smaller than a glycol tank) and cost. When the compressor heat rejection exceeds that

being used in the building, the warm glycol from the condenser flows around the ice balls

storing thermal energy in them. At night, when the ice rink load is low but building heat is

needed, the compressors operate and circulate cold glycol to the ice battery, refreezing the

water in the spheres, which provides a suitable refrigeration load. Warm glycol from the

plate and frame condenser continues to provide heat to the building. The cycle then repeats

the next day when excess heat is available and is used to once again melt the ice in the ice

battery.

By using the “thermal battery” to load shift, we are able to provide approximately 4

BTUs of heat energy from the refrigeration plant for each BTU of compressor energy input

without compromising ice quality. Thus, the energy cost to recover the stored heat in the

“thermal battery” is considerably lower than even natural gas burned in a high efficiency

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furnace or boiler. The chilled glycol from the ice battery can also be directed to cooling coils

in the soccer field area and the theatre. This gives the facility the opportunity to take

advantage of lower night-time electrical rates to generate off-peak cooling for these areas

in the summer months, when the ice battery is not required for heating purposes. It also

allowed the down-sizing of cooling coils and cold glycol mains because the glycol from the

ice battery is discharged to the systems at 1 to 5°C.

The integration of the refrigeration plant with the building heating/cooling

requirements required the development of a complex DDC control system to oversee the

refrigeration plant operation. The refrigeration plant control communicates with the

building automation control system using BACNET, receiving back information on heating

loads required, valve positions, pump status, etc. This allows the refrigeration controllers

to calculate how to best distribute the heat of rejection from the refrigeration. Based on the

heat available, the refrigeration controllers input a bias onto the room temperature

setpoints. If the heat available from the refrigeration system is higher than the heating

loads required for the buildings, a positive bias is input into the system. That is, the room

temperature setpoints are increased, allowing for more heat to be transferred to the rooms.

If the heat available from the refrigeration system is less than the heating loads required

for the building, a negative bias is input into the room temperature setpoints. This allows

for heat load shedding in the rooms, which would prevent the backup boilers from turning

on, saving energy. Since radiant in- floor heaters are used, the room temperature changes

at a slower rate, facilitating the use of load shifting. In summation, this project resulted in

an astounding amount of energy savings and a payback of less than 5 years.

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Desiccant Dehumidification

A major challenge faced by year-round recreational arena facilities is inefficiencies

and down time related to humidity control. The Minden Arena has outdated dehumidifiers

and will find that the quality of their ice will be poor in the summer particularly of no

upgrades are made to the insulation. Uncontrolled humidity results in fog, condensation,

mold, poor ice conditions and an increased load on the ice refrigeration system (Munters

Corporation, 2006). Desiccants are better at removing moisture than electric dehumidifies,

especially at low Canadian temperatures and at 10 to 20% more energy efficient. They are

also very reliable systems since there are no compressors, belts, fuses, coils, or drip pans to

maintain and they do not rely on harmful refrigerants like CFCs and HCFCs (Enbridge Gas

Distribution Inc, 2011).

Desiccant dehumidification technology is very simple, humid air passes through the

rotating desiccant wheel, moisture is removed from the air by the desiccant, and the dry air

is then delivered to the arena (Figure 1). The desiccant wheel is reactivated to provide

continuous dehumidification using a separate heated outside air stream which exhausts the

unwanted moisture. The most popular source of reactivation heat is a natural gas direct

fire burner, but it has the potential to be connected to the heat pump as well (Munters

Corporation, 2006).

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Figure 5: Desiccant Dehumidification Technology

“Humidity is very damaging to a building like ours. From the physical structure to the

electrical systems, everything is affected by moisture. Besides, when it’s foggy inside,

visitors can’t see the kids skating. Our desiccants dry out the building with no problem at

all; we have no visible moisture anywhere.”

-Pete Carlson, director of Ice Arena Operations at the Super Rink

Blaine, MN. (Center Point Energy, 2002)

The Munters desiccant dehumidification system was chosen to be the most optimal

technology for the Minden arena due to its exception operating efficiency in northern

climates. As well the technology is not new and has been tested and deemed excellent by

other larger arenas.

Case Study 4: Kentwood Ice Arena (Grand Rapids, Michigan)

The Kentwood school system operates a multipurpose sports facility which includes

a large ice rink. When the rink was built, operational plans called only for cold-season

skating. Over time, it became clear that economics favor year-round operation. Although

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the refrigeration system must work much harder during warm seasons, the income

generated far exceeds the operational cost. However, the excess humidity becomes a larger

issue during spring and summer operations because it condenses on the cold ice surface,

overloading the refrigeration system and reducing ice quality.

A Munters IceAire desiccant-based system was installed to provide improved

dehumidification. Desiccant dehumidifiers remove water vapor by absorption rather than

by condensation. With this process, air can be dried very deeply. Cooling systems condense

water, so they freeze when air is too cold. Desiccant absorption removes more moisture

from cool air, because the absorption process is not limited by the freezing point of water.

The moisture is removed in the vapor phase eliminating frozen coils and overflowing drain

pans. Because the IceAire desiccant system removes moisture very efficiently at low

humidity levels, it costs less to run.

Even at peak summer design conditions, the IceAire system supplies air to the arena

drier than if the temperature outside were 0°F. This exceptionally dry air allows the system

to hold the arena at a condition of 40% rh all year long. The installation resulted in an

annual savings of $25,000 with a high-quality ice surface, fresh air without humidity, fast

recovery from resurfacing, no fog, reduced maintenance costs, and overall improved

comfort for spectators (Munters Corporation, 2004).

RETscreen:

RETscreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software (RETScreen) is a Microsoft Excel-based

free software prefeasibility analysis for energy projects. It is a decision-support and

capacity building tool. RETscreen includes renewable energy installations and the means to

assess a wide range of energy efficiency options such as, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas

emission reductions for various types of energy efficient and renewable options. It takes

into consideration climate, product and cost databases. For this project we were able to

take utilize RETscreen’s energy efficient arena project model. We were able to obtain data

on our visit to the S.G. Nesbitt Arena where we received dimensions for the ice rink

length/width, operating season, rink ceiling height, ice temperature, humidity, ceiling type,

as well as many more additional dimensions that are attached in the appendix of this

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report, and input them into the project model. From this, we were able to compare the

present refrigeration system to that of a proposed model with greater energy efficiency.

This model specifically takes into consideration the shift of the refrigeration being run by

propane to HFC-404A. The project also took into consideration the ice temperature control,

currently the ice control is constant, however, the proposed project would have a night-

temperature set up. It must be noted that all values used were approximate. We based the

project over a twenty year life span; the financial parameters include a five percent fuel

escalation and an inflation rate of three percent. The total initial cost of the project would

be approximately $312, 640, with total annual costs totaling $71, 394. Simple payback for

this project is estimated at three and a half years. Annual savings and income on fuel is

approximately $161, 340. The current state of the arena has estimated greenhouse gas

(GHG) emissions of 502 tonnes of carbon dioxide, the proposed case estimates GHG to be

361 tonnes of carbon dioxide, a reduction of 141 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This is

equivalent to 293 barrels of crude oil not being consumed.

Conclusion:

The intent of this report is to provide options for a new heating and cooling system that

will be energy efficient and meet future needs of the growing community. Four energy

systems have been researched and considered for this project: geothermal energy

technology, off-peak cooling and desiccant dehumidification technology. In addition, a

prefeasibility analysis has been included with this report for your consideration.

Thank you for giving us the opportunity to contribute to the community of Minden. We

hope we provided you with an optimal amount of information in order for you to make the

best decision for the future of the arena. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or

comments, we are more than happy to hear from you.

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References

BC Hydro. 2005. Ice Box Arena – Geoexchange System [online]. Available from

http://www.bchydro.com/powersmart/success_stories/commercial_offices_other/i

ce_box_arena.html [cited 02/05/2011]

Bryson, M. 2007. Conventional Ice Rink Refrigeration versus Geothermal Ice Rink Systems.

Recreation Facilities Association of British Columbia [online]. Available from

www.rfabc.com [cited 02/03/2011]

Center Point Energy. 2002. Engine-driven chiller/desiccant units [online]. Available from

http://www.gasairconditioning.org/gas_cooling_to_publish/pdfs/case_studies/Sch

wan%20Ice%20Rink%20Engine%20Chiller%20Centerpoint.pdf [cited

02/06/2011]

Dilk, W. Energy Recycling Ice Rink refridgeration System. Cimco Refrigeration Div. of

Toromont Industries Ltd [online]. Available from http://www.ospe.on.ca/pdf/EB-II-

Dow-Centennial-Centre-Case-Study.pdf [ cited 02/05/2011]

Enbridge Gas Distribution Inc. 2011.Desiccant Dehumidification[online]. Available from

https://portal-

plumprod.cgc.enbridge.com/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=396&parentname=

CommunityPage&parentid=1&mode=2&in_hi_userid=2&cached=true [cited

02/03/2011]

Ice Kube Systems. Riverview Curling Club [online]. Available from

http://www.icekubesystems.com/htmlfiles/CASE_STUDIES/riverview_curling_club.

asp [cited 02/03/2011]

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Ice Kube Systems. Thermal Ice Storage [online]. Available from

http://www.icekubesystems.com/htmlfiles/PRODUCT_INFO/thermal_ice_storage.a

sp [cited 02/04/2011]

Innovative Cooling Technologies of Canada. 2010. Off-Peak Cooling [online]. Available from

http://www.ictcanadaltd.com/OPC%20TES%20Primer.pdf [cited 02/04/2011]

Lapointe Architects. 2008. The Fifth Town Artisan Cheese Factory [online]. Available from

http://www.lapointe-arch.com/news/2008_11_01_archive.html [cited

02/04/2011]

Munters Corporation. 2006. Munters is the NHL preffered supplier of dessicant

dehumidification systems [online]. Available from

http://www.eisolutions.ca/pdf/Ice Arenas.pdf [cited 02/05/2011]

Munters Corporation. 2004. Year-round humidity control for ice rinks: Kentwood Ice

Arena, Grand Rapids, Michigan [online]. Available from

http://webdh.munters.com/webdh/BrochureUploads/Case%20Study-

%20Kentwood%20Ice%20Arena.pdf [cited 02/04/2011]

Williams, J. 2004. Press Release: Congressional and Administrative Officials tour Off-Peak

cooling installation in Manhattan [online]. Available from

http://www.calmac.com/whatsnew/Congressional%20and%20Administrative%20

Officials%20Tour%20Off-

Peak%20Cooling%20Installation%20in%20Manhattan.htm [cited 02/04/2011]

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Facility characteristics Unit %

Dimensions

Ice rink length m 55

Ice rink width m 24

Number of ice rinks 1

Total ice rink(s) area m² 1,341 22.4%

Spectator area m² 624 10.4%

Administrative area m² 2,121 35.5%

Dressing room area m² 1,601 26.8%

Unconditioned area m² 293 4.9%

Total building floor area m² 5,980 100.0%

Ice rink ceiling height m 6.0

Other area ceiling height m 2.3

Operating schedule

Operating season - start mmm-dd May 20

Operating season - end mmm-dd May 15

Operating hours per day - weekday h/d 6

Operating hours per day - weekend h/d 8

Peak number of spectators 120 100.0%Average number of spectators 20 16.7%

Number of ice resurfacings per week 45 # of resurfacing exceeds

the maximum allowed

Energy efficiency measures Unit Base case Proposed case Incremental cost (credit)

Copy base to proposed See Energy consumption graph

Building envelope

Exterior walls insulation level Low Medium $ -

RSI-value of exterior walls m² - ºC/W 1.20 2.40

Roof insulation level Low High $ 37,598

RSI-value of roof m² - ºC/W 2.40 6.00

Ceiling type High-e ceiling Low-e aluminised covering $ 35,000

Ceiling emissivity 0.85 0.05

Building controls & ventilation

Ice rink design airflow rate L/s/m² 1.50 1.50

Ventilation operating strategy According to the occupancy According to the occupancy $ -

5% 25%

Stands temperature operating strategy Heating / No cooling Heating / No cooling $ -

Stands temperature °C 10.0 10.0

Stands & ice rink relative humidity % 60% 60% $ -

Domestic hot water

Number of showers per week 100 200

Miscellaneous hot water use L/d 200 200 $ -

Lighting

Ice rink lighting load kW 16.2 16.2 $ -

Ice rink lighting load per unit area W/m² 12.1 12.1

Other lighting load kW 14.8 14.8 $ -

Other lighting load per unit area W/m² 3.2 3.2

Total lighting load kW 31.0 31.0

Lighting schedule During operating hours During operating hours $ -

Hours of lighting per week h/w 46.0 46.0

Ice rink

Ice rink secondary fluid circuit 2-pass circuit 2-pass circuit $ -

Ice rink secondary fluid flow rate L/s 50.00 50.00

Ice thickness mm 38.10 25.00

Ice temperature °C -8.00 -6.00

Ice temperature control Constant Night temperature set-up $ -

Ice resurfacer hot water use L 340 379

Ice resurfacer water temperature °C 75 65

Total incremental costs (credits) $ 72,598

RETScreen Energy Model - Arena (hockey & skating) project

Complete Equipment Selection sheet

30/04/2011; Arena Project

Settings - Minden Arena Project - Minden, Ontario

Global warming potential of GHG

21 tonnes CO2 = 1 tonne CH4 (IPCC 2007)

Simplified baseline methods possible 310 tonnes CO2 = 1 tonne N2O (IPCC 2007)

Base case electricity system (Baseline)

GHG emission

factor

(excl. T&D)

T&D

losses

GHG emission

factor

tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh

All types 0.260 5.0% 0.274

Change in GHG emission factor % -10.0%

Base case system GHG summary (Baseline)

Fuel mix

CO2 emission

factor

CH4 emission

factor

N2O emission

factor

Fuel

consumption

GHG emission

factor GHG emission

Fuel type % kg/GJ kg/GJ kg/GJ MWh kgCO2/kWh tCO2

Propane 48.1% 996 0.208 207Electricity 51.9% 1,075 0.274 294

Total 100.0% 2,072 0.242 502

Annual

refrigerant leaks

Global warming

potential

kg kgCO2/kg

Refrigeration Propane 251.3 3 1

Total 502

Proposed case system GHG summary (Arena (hockey & skating) project)

Fuel mix

CO2 emission

factor

CH4 emission

factor

N2O emission

factor

Fuel

consumption

GHG emission

factor GHG emission

Fuel type % kg/GJ kg/GJ kg/GJ MWh tCO2/MWh tCO2

Propane 30.9% 328 0.208 68

Electricity 69.1% 734 0.274 201

Total 100.0% 1,062 0.253 269

Sub-total: 269

Annual

refrigerant leaks

Global warming

potential

kg kgCO2/kg

Refrigeration HFC-404A 23.5 3,922 92

Total 361

GHG emission reduction summary

Years of

occurrence

Base case

GHG emission

Proposed case

GHG emission

Gross annual

GHG emission

reduction

GHG credits

transaction fee

Net annual

GHG emission

reduction

yr tCO2 tCO2 tCO2 % tCO2

1 to 2 502 361 141 0% 141

Net annual GHG emission reduction 141 tCO2 is equivalent to 293

RETScreen Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reduction Analysis - Arena (hockey & skating) project

Canada - Ontario

Fuel type

Arena (hockey & skating)

project

Country - region

Barrels of crude oil not consumed

Refrigerant type

Refrigerant type

Complete Financial Summary sheet

Complete Financial Summary sheet

GHG Analysis

Potential CDM project

Baseline changes during project life

30/04/2011; Arena Project