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Energy:Powering Society
Energy:Powering Society
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Classification of Natural Resources
by Availability
Classification of Natural Resources
by Availability
Reserve - We know it exists and it can be extracted with existing technology
Resource - Known or believed to exist but not exploitable today (for economic, political of technological reasons)
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1 trillion - 2.3 trillion barrels
Classification of Natural Resources
by how it is produced
Classification of Natural Resources
by how it is produced
Renewable - Resource that is created as fast as it it consumed.
Nonrenewable - Resource that is created slowly - consumed faster than it forms.
Fossil fuels, metals,nuclear power, etc.
Trees, fish, sunlight,wind, etc.
Review: Energy UnitsReview: Energy Units
Joule (J) = Energy needed to lift 1 kg weight by 0.1 meter(about the energy to lift an apple over your head)
calorie (cal) = Energy needed to heat 1 g water by 1°C(Note” Calories (Cal) in food are equal to 1000 calories (cal)
British Thermal Unit (BTU) = Energy needed to heat 1 pound of water 1°F (1 BTU = 950 Joules)
Review: PowerRate of energy useReview: PowerRate of energy use
Watt(Joule/second)
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Kilowatt-Hour(kwh)
=1000 watts per hour
Centralia Coal Power Plant = 1,330 Megawatts
Review:Laws of Nature
Review:Laws of Nature
• Conservation of Matter
• 1st Law of Thermodynamics
(Conservation of Energy)
• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
(Entropy)
Energy Resources: History
Energy Resources: History
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Slave Labor
Animal Labor
Energy Resources : History
Energy Resources : History
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Wood
Wind/Water
Energy Resources : History
Energy Resources : History
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Coal
Oil
World Fuel Consumption (1800 to1990 & …)
World Fuel Consumption (1800 to1990 & …)
Consumption(Millions of metric tons of oil
equivalent)
1800 1900 1990400 1,900 30,000
U.S. Energy Use2.76 x 1013 kwh/yr
(about 100,000 kwh/person/yr)
U.S. Energy Use2.76 x 1013 kwh/yr
(about 100,000 kwh/person/yr)
Industrial42%
Transportation25%
Commercial/Residential
33%
U.S. Energy UseIndustrial
U.S. Energy UseIndustrial
Industrial42%
Transportation25%
Commercial/Residential
33%
Chemicals19%
Primary Metals26%
Other Industries
Food5%
Stone, Glass, & Clay7%
Paper8%
Petroleum & Coal14%
U.S. Energy UseTransportation
U.S. Energy UseTransportation
Industrial42%
Transportation25%
Commercial/Residential
33%
Highway Vehicles
74%
Air14
Marine7%
Rail
U.S. Energy UseCommercial/ResidentialU.S. Energy UseCommercial/Residential
Industrial42%
Transportation25%
Commercial/Residential
33%
Lighting12%
Hot Water Heating24%
Heating/Cooling64%
U.S. Energy Use Consumption Measured in quadrillions (1015) BTUU.S. Energy Use Consumption Measured in quadrillions (1015) BTU
November 2005% Change over November 2004
Petroleum 3.34 -1.0
Natural Gas 1.83 -6.7
Coal 1.82 -0.7
Hydro 0.21 -8.1
Nuclear 0.62 6.7
Total 8.09 -2.1
Note: There is a 6 month delay on energy data
U.S. &the WorldU.S. &
the World
Primary Energy is Converted into More
Usable forms:Secondary Energy
Primary Energy is Converted into More
Usable forms:Secondary Energy
PrimaryOil, Coal, Solar
SecondaryElectricity
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Steam Engine &Internal Combustion Engine
Steam Engine &Internal Combustion Engine
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Secondary Energy:Electricity
Secondary Energy:Electricity
Magnet
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Electricity
The “Grid”The “Grid”
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Energy is lost…Energy is lost…
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…but electricity is versatile.
…but electricity is versatile.