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Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment” Dr. Michiel Jak Managing Senior Consultant Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen Altran Technologies Netherlands BV. Global warming is reaching the point of no return. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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11SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Energy for the 21th Century
“Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”
Dr. Michiel Jak
Managing Senior Consultant
Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen
Altran Technologies Netherlands BV
21SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
The danger point will be reached when temperatures rise by two degrees celsius above the average world temperature prevailing in 1750, before the industrial revolution.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere after which the two degree rise will become inevitable is 400 ppm of CO2.
In 10 years or less the catastrophicpoint-of-no-return may be reached(24/01/05: Meeting The Climate Challenge)
Global warming is reaching the point of no return
31SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Energy for the 21th Century
“Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”
Dr. Michiel Jak
Managing Senior Consultant
Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen
Altran Technologies Netherlands BV
41SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Outline
Current or short-term issues on global scale:• There is a severe environmental issue• There is an increasing energy demand• There is an old-fashioned energy infrastructure• There is an unstable primary energy market• There is a mid to long term shortage of primary energy
Possible solutions comprise (combinations of): Increase over-all efficiency energy supply Reduction of energy consumption Increase share renewables Radically improve grid architecture Cost reduction
51SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Global transmission&distribution losses account for 11,6% of the total power supply. This equals:
the total electricity consumption of Germany+France+Spain+UKor the total energy consumption of the global transportation sector
T&D costs are 30% of the kWh price T&D congestion results in power failure (USA, Italy 2003) Central power plants do not use the generated heat and thus waste about
70% of fuel energy Central power plants are vulnerable to forces of nature and terrorist attacks 93% of the world’s power production is centrally produced (NL 60%) Traditional power infrastructure is expensive Up to 50% CO2 reduction using DG
Next generation power production:decentralized generation including renewables and CHP
Traditional Infrastructure Facts:
61SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
DG Economics I:
Assets fully utilized a few hours per year
71SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
DG Economics II:
81SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Liberalization of the electricity market and increased “greenness” of the electricity generation affect the power quality and security of supply.
balance
time
surplus
shortage
The Issue with Renewables:
91SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Reliability and Distributed GenerationADL White Paper, 2000
Financial aspect grid failure:
Industry Average Cost Downtime
Cellular Communications $ 41,000/hour
Telephone Ticket Sales $ 72,000/hour
Airline Reservations $ 90,000/hour
Credit Card Operations $ 2,580,000/hour
Brokerage Operations $ 6,480,000/hour
101SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
production storage use
Unpredictable:
PV
Wind
Wave
Predictable:
Tidal
Biomass
Clean Fossil
Hydrogen production using electrolysis or reforming
Storage:
Compression
Liquefaction
Metalhydrides
Carbons
Electrochemical
Battery
Supercaps
Regenerative fuel cell
Marine Current Turbines Ltd.
Windside Ltd.
Ocean Power Delivery Ltd.
Hydrogen conversion:
Fuel cell
Gas turbine
ICE
Discontinuity renewables:
111SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Sustainable hydrogen:
Non-sustainable hydrogen can be made using: nuclear energy reforming fossil fuels electrolysis using “grey electricity”
121SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Virtual Power Plant
Renewable Energy World, Dec 2002
131SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Virtual Power Plant
The Virtual Power Plant is technology neutral and can be used with all types of generation and storage assets
Used in a variety of applications: distributed generation, village power, cogeneration, peak shaving, base-load, and more
Fast response to consumption fluctuations in comparison with central power plant
Integration decentralized power production Optimal locations can be selected Facilitating for hydrogen-based technologies Efficiency increase using “Cascading”
141SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
DG infrastructure
151SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Sustainable Island I:
MCT
VAWT
PV
natural gas
biomass
solar-therm
storage
gas turbine
district heating
grid
fly wheel
hydrogen
µ-CHP
sustainable transport
161SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Sustainable Island II:
Production renewable sourcesIncluding short-term buffering
Predictable biomass
VPP + conventional
Production renewable sourcesIncluding long-term buffering
Combination of (un)predictable sources, storage and
conventional power units/VPP
171SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Electrical infrastructure becomes digital!
Reliable, “Self healing” grid
Efficient, affordable, sustainable and flexible
Conclusion:
181SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Contact
SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN
Michiel Jak
Skill Center Sustainability & Hydrogen
Altran Technologies Netherlands BV
De Fruittuinen 30
2132 NZ Hoofddorp
+31-23-5694090 (tel)