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8/10/2019 Energy Flow & Ecological Pyramids
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/energy-flow-ecological-pyramids 1/33
Danilo B. Mahilum Jr.4-BSPT
8/10/2019 Energy Flow & Ecological Pyramids
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TargetsDefine Energy flow trough ecosystemsDifferentiate the different types of
consumers.Performs activity in related to Foodchain and food web
Develop sense of appreciate to therole of each organism.
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Energy Flow
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Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs – has chlorophyll andcarry on photosynthesis.
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Autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs – bacteria that obtainenergy from the oxidationof inorganic compounds
such as ammonia, nitritesand sulfides.
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Photosynthesis
Biological process by which energyfrom the sun (radiant energy) istransformed into chemical energy
of sugar molecules6 CO 2 + 12 H 2O + radiant energy
C 6H12 O 6 + 6 H 2O + 6 O 2
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Cellular Respiration
The process where the chemicalenergy captured in photosynthesisis released within cells of plantsand animals
C 6H12 O 6 + 6 O 2 + 6 H 2O
6 CO 2 + 12 H 2O + energy
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Heterotrophs
need a source of pre-formednutrients
consume tissues of otherorganisms.
consumers are classifiedaccording to the type of foodthey eat.
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Herbivores
feeddirectly
on greenplants.
Types of consumers
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Carnivores eat otheranimals.
Types of consumers
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Omnivores
feed onboth
plants andanimals.
Types of consumers
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Types of consumers
Decomposers fungi and bacteriaextract energy from dead
matter, including waste
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Types of consumers
Scavengers feed on
deadmatter.
AmericanBald Eagle
Lammergeyer
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Food Chain
The flow of energy from the sun to producersto primary consumers then to higher orderconsumers can be shown in a food chain.
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Food ChainShows onlyone pathfor the flowof energy
in anecosystem.
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Ecosystems have manydifferent types of foodchains.
Food Chain
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Food Web
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Food Web
A food web shows howmany different types offood chains are
connected.
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Trophic Level
Each feeding level in anecosystemEach level of a foodchain or food web
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Trophic Level
Each feeding level in anecosystemEach level of a foodchain or food web
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10% Law of Energy Transfer
only 10% of energy at aparticular trophic level is
incorporated into the nexttrophic level.
rapid loss of energy explains whya food chain rarely has five links.
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Instant Questions
What if all types of
snakes becomesextinct?
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Ecological Pyramids
Graphically represent therelative energy value of each
trophic levelImportant feature is that largeamount of energy are lostbetween trophic levels to heat
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Ecological Pyramids
Three main types
Pyramid of numbersPyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
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Pyramid of Numbers
Illustrates the number oforganisms at each trophic
levelUsually, organisms at the
base of the pyramid aremore numerous
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Pyramid of Numbers
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Pyramid of Biomass
Illustrates the total biomass ateach successive trophic level
Biomass: measure of thetotal amount of living
material
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Pyramid of Biomass
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Pyramid of Energy
Illustrates how much energy ispresent at each trophic level
and how much is transferredto the next level
Most energy dissipatesbetween trophic levels
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Pyramid of Energy
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Time to think!Make a summary ….
Discussing energy flow in an
ecosystem.Differentiating the different types ofconsumers
Sites example of food webs andImportance of the different kind ofecological pyramids
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