Energy, Environment and Social Change

INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL

UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY 2019

Course ISS SUM 4180

Course Leader: Chris Butters Course Secretary: MeeNilankco Theiventhran

Contacts: chris@butters.no mobile +47 9936 0976 meenilankco@gmail.com mobile +47 41325123 SUM: Center for Development and the Environment P.O.Box 1116 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. Phone: +47 2285 8900

2

Week 1 Energy, Environment and Social Change

Date Time Topic Lecturer

June 24 Monday

09.00-09.20 09.20-10.00 10.20-11.20 11.30-12:30

Welcome to SUM, the Centre for Development and the Environment at Oslo University Introduction of participants and staff. Course program overview; practical info; expectations Sustainable development: concept, history, the SDGs Norway, energy and environment. Discussion

Sidsel Roalkvam Chris Butters /Participants Chris Butters Chris Butters

June 25 Tuesday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

The impact of electrification in rural Zanzibar; social and environmental aspects Electricity, gender and development Energy in development; overview of case studies Discussion

Tanja Winther Tanja Winther Tanja Winther All

June 26 Wedn.

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Climate science: Overview, status. Climate: temperature changes and extreme weather events, issues, uncertainties Climate policy: Paris Agreement, policy instruments Discussion

Steffen Kallbekken Steffen Kallbekken Jana Silmann? Steffen Kallbekken All

June 27 Thursd.

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30 14.30-16.30

The local level. Ecology, economy, society; success stories, sustainable communities and municipalities. Environmental conflicts in Sri Lanka How do we evaluate Sustainability? Holistic methods; The Sustainability Value Map Discussion Participant presentations 1 (max 8-10 min each)

Chris Butters MeeNil. Theiventhran Chris Butters All Participants 1-7

June 28 Friday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30 14.30-16.30

Sustainable consumption and wellbeing Economics and happiness; drivers of consumption and change, Poverty and sustainability: Peru, other cases Evaluating wellbeing. Social theories and practice. Discussion Participant presentations 2

Monica Guillen-Royo Monica Guillen-Royo Monica Guillen-Royo All Participants 8-14

How do we Evaluate Sustainability? The Sustainability Value Map / Chris Butters Ecology, Economy, Community: … costs versus values? This tool includes all three aspects, both quantities and qualities, in the evaluation.

3

Week 2 Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

Date Time Topic Lecturer

July 01

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30 14.30-16.30

Renewable Energy Technologies: sources, global scenarios, trends, supply side challenges Nuclear Energy principles, reactor types, history, future perspectives. Notes on thorium and nuclear fusion. Nuclear: spent fuel and nuclear waste. Discussion Participant presentations 3

Chris Butters Alwin Wiederhold Alwin Wiederhold All Participants 15-21

July 02

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Water resources. Ecological issues, water scarcity,

desalination. Treatment and recycling of wastewater

Sustainable engineering case studies Egypt/Middle East The water/energy/food nexus (WEF) Discussion

Omar Elnady Omar Elnady Omar Elnady All

July 03

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Energy quality and energy end use The North Sea: the development of oil and gas Norway and fossil fuels: achievements, effects, controversies and future perspectives Discussion

Chris Butters Bjørn Vidar Lerøen Bjørn Vidar Lerøen All

July 04

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30 14.30-1600

Materials, indoor environment and Health Life Cycle Analysis (LCA): methodologies, applications, Environmental Impact Assessments, ISO standards etc The National Road Map for Sustainability, Egypt 2030 Discussion Optional afternoon seminar with Omar

Chris Butters Omar Elnady Omar Elnady All Participants/Omar/CB

July 05

08.30-09.10 09.30-10.40 11.00-11.30 11.40-12.30 14.30-16.30

Social dimensions of energy use Cultural and anthropological perspectives in energy and development Discussion Kerala, India: Socio-cultural change and sustainability Discussion Optional afternoon seminar with Chris: Energy concepts, units, basics

Hal Wilhite Hal Wilhite Hal Wilhite All Chris Butters

Renewable Energy Flows in Norway; From a parliament white paper, 1981 (total human consumption: approx. 20GW) A net inflow of warmer air from southern Europe, as well as the warm Gulf Stream, are what keeps Scandinavia from freezing

4

Week 3 Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

Date Time Topic

July 08 Monday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Environmental NGOs and their role in Scandinavia. How NGOs influence decisions on climate Global Warming: CO2 capture + storage (CCS) solutions Discussion Norway: Hydropower, Industry, regional development: Info and preparations for the field trip

Aage Stangeland Aage Stangeland All Chris Butters Participants/CB

EXCURSION, July 9-13 The field trip, an integral part of the program, provides perspectives on Norwegian settlement patterns, ecology, energy and resources. It includes mountain, valley and fjord environments. There are visits to sites of energy production, industry, agriculture and sustainability. We have our own bus and driver for the whole trip. All the meals are included and simple, usually shared accommodation. Bring a warm pullover/jacket as well as other supplies you may need – no time for shopping! July 09 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13

nb early start 08.00 sharp Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Route: Oslo-Porsgrunn- Telemark-Haukeliseter 1.Norcem Cement Industry: energy, CO2, waste recycling 2.Yara Industries and Fertiliser factory Route: Haukeli-Odda 3.Boliden Zinc factory and Waste deposit 08.45-11:30 4.Tyssedal Industrial History museum 12:00-12:30 5. Hardanger Fjellfiske, fish farm 6.Tyssefaldene Hydropower company: 13.30-16.30 Route: Odda - Bergen 7.The Rafto Foundation (they work on environment and human rights) 8.Western Norway University of Applied Sciences: solar, wind, and hydrogen Route: Bergen – Hardangervidda - Geilo 9.Oil and Gas development: offshore service industry 10.The Sysen hydropower dam Route: Geilo-Brandbu-Hurdal-Oslo 11.The Energy Centre, Brandbu. Bioenergy. 12:30-15:00 12.Hurdal Ecovillage 16:00-19:00. Return Blindern 20:00

Evening stays:

Dinner and overnight: Haukeliseter Fjellstue Tlf: +47 35062777 Hardanger Hotel, Odda Tlf: +47 53646464 Dinner at Smelt Cafe Tlf. 48603330 Hotel Scandic, Bergen Dinner: Dinner and overnight: Øen Turistsenter, Geilo Tlf: +47 32087060 61336090, 93206156 Dinner: Hurdal?

Norway’s “White Gold”: Rjukan Hydro Power Station – one of the first large scale plants – in Telemark. Monumental architecture – it’s quite like the king’s palace! - shows how important hydro was felt to be. The newer, modernised power plant is inside the mountain, to the right.

5

Week 4 Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

Date Time Topic Lecturer

July 15

0900-1200 1400-1630

SDG-Day at ISS: All postgraduate courses join up to share our common goals Workshop group discussions: what the SDGs mean for us

Chris Butters/All Obligatory for us

July 16

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11:30 11:40:12:30 14.30-16.30

Sustainable Buildings Ecodesign and Green Architecture: principles and solutions in different climates Discussion Participant inputs Afternoon session, to be planned by participants

Chris Butters Chris Butters Participants/CB Participants Participants

July 17

08.30-09.20 09.40-10.40 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Sustainable Cities Case studies: Tainan Ecocity Masterplan GAIA Internat’l, China and Europe. Cities, energy and equity. UHI: Urban warming and District Cooling solutions. Discussion

Chris Butters Chris Butters Chris Butters All

July 18

08.30-09.00 09.00-10.00 10.20-11.20 11.30-12.30

Energy conservation and renewables Global institutions, energy and sustainability. DSM, ESCOs, Markets, finance, barriers Transition scenarios to sustainable energy systems Discussion

Sanjay Dube Sanjay Dube Sanjay Dube

All

July 19

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.40 11.00-12.00 12.10-12.30 14.00-16.00

Delivering sustainable energy Case studies from India Discussion Introducing Inspera Optional Afternoon discussion with SD

Sanjay Dube Sanjay Dube participants/SD/CB ISS staff SD/CB/All

The CO2 Abatement Cost Curve, McKinsey Global Institute 2008. Many options are cost-effective, including efficiency rather than supply side solutions. Some of the renewables are becoming very feasible too

6

Week 5 Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

Date Time Topic Lecturer

July 22 Monday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30 14.30-16.30

Ecological Economics: the growth paradigm and the need for a new paradigm for economics Limits to Growth: The history and debate Tools for making scenarios. A brief presentation of the I=P.A.T model. The degrowth concept Decoupling, downscaling and equity; Discussion Optional afternoon seminar with Jørgen

Chris Butters Jørgen Nørgaard Jørgen Nørgaard Jørgen Nørgaard/All JSN/CB/All

July 23 Tuesday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Open for participant inputs All CB/participants

July 24 Wedn.

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

Indirect Energy and Consumption Based Carbon Accounting. Some issues with C2C and LCA approaches. How to save the world, cost free, by next Friday - Green growth versus lifestyle? Development issues with mobility and energy, Vietnam Discussion

Chris Butters Chris Butters Outi Pitkanen All

July 25 Thursday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.40 11.50-12.30

A Short History of Good Ideas Complex Sustainability: case studies from GAIA planning and research in Scotland. Community participation processes. Case studies; The Childrens’ Eco-city Discussion

Sandy Halliday Sandy Halliday Sandy Halliday All

July 26 Friday

0830-09.30 09.50-12.30 14.30-16.30

Ecominimalism – the antidote to Ecobling Workshop/participants: Delivering Sustainability Optional Afternoon discussion with SH

Sandy Halliday

participants/SH/CB

participants/SH/CB

Energy Descent ? This shows official prognoses for continued growth (EP86, EP91) and alternative proposals (AE83) by progressive researchers in Denmark in early 1980s. At that time, energy reductions were seen as being impossible as well as ridiculous

7

Week 6 Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

Date Time Topic Lecturer

July 29 Monday

08.30-09.30 09.50-10.50 11.00-11.30 11.50-12.30

Presentations and discussion of workgroup papers (4 groups, 20 minutes each plus 10-15 min. Q+A) Presentations and discussion of workgroup papers Presentations and discussion of workgroup papers Brief course recapitulation, Q+A

Participants Participants Participants CB/participants

July 30 Tuesday

08.30-09.40 10.00-11.00 11.10-11.40 11.50-12.30

Bhutan: a hospital project. Culture, Sustainability and Gross National Happiness Norway, sustainability and the oil age: where to now? Energy, economy and equity: the energy transition and social change Course program revision and discussion

Chris Butters Chris Butters Tanja Winther? Participants/CB

July 31 Wedn.

09.00-13.00

Final exam; written exam, details to be announced and explained. (Evening: course party)

Participants

August 01 Thursday

09.30-10.00 10.30-11.30 ca 12.00

A look back; brief course review Participant feedback and evaluation. Conclusion.

Chris Butters Chris, course staff and participants

More green products, or less consumption? Green growth or degrowth? Energy, Environment, Sustainability … What’s the Real Question?

8

Lecturer Biographies: ISS SUM 4180, University of Oslo, 2018 session

Chris Butters has worked with environmental architecture, energy, and ecology for 40

years, as architect, researcher, lecturer, and author or co-author of about 12 books. He

holds a Masters in Architecture from Montpellier, France and a Bachelors in Literature

from Stellenbosch. Chris worked in Bhutan for 10 years for international organisations

and NGOs as project coordinator and architect for schools and a hospital. He has also done

Tibetological research. Former positions: Director of the UIA program The Road from Rio

- Sustainable Built Environment; Project Leader, Norwegian Architects for Sustainable

Development; Special Adviser, the Ideas Bank Foundation; Guest Professor at Oslo

Architecture School and at St Johns University, Minnesota, USA. Chris is co-founder of

the GAIA network for sustainable architecture and planning. He recently finished a 3-year

research posting at Warwick University, UK, on low energy / low carbon housing in hot

climate developing countries. He is now researcher at SUM.

Tanja Winther Tanja Winther is Associate Professor at the Centre for Development

and the Environment (SUM), University of Oslo. Her PhD-study in Anthropology

concerned the social impact of electrification in Zanzibar, Tanzania. In addition to

anthropology, she holds a Masters degree in Power Engineering and has been working in

the Norwegian electricity sector. Over the last decade, Winther's anthropological and

interdisciplinary research has centred on sustainable electricity use in Norway (heat

pumps, in-home displays, prosumers/PV systems) as well as socially and gender equitable

electricity access provided through grid and off-grid systems (India, Kenya, Nepal).

Harold Wilhite is a Professor of Social Anthropology and Research Director at the

University of Oslo’s Centre for Development and Environment. He has published widely

on energy consumption, sustainable energy use and globalizing consumption, with articles

ranging from theoretical approaches to applied research and policy applications. Books

include ‘Consumption and the Transformation of Everyday Life: A View from South

India’ (2008 Palgrave MacMillan). His most recent book monograph is ‘The Political

Economy of Low Carbon Transformation: Breaking the Habits of Capitalism’ (2016,

Routledge).

He has worked at bridging the gap between research and policy, including consulting to

the IEA, OECD, UNEP and to Norwegian Ministries. He was one of the founders of the

European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE) and has been active in its

development.

Sanjay Dube received his M. Tech. in Soil & Water Conservation Engineering from

GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal, India. Vice

President with International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC). he has over 29 years

of experience working in clean energy & environment sectors. Mr. Dube is working with

international agencies like World Bank, USAID, UNEP, UNDP, GIZ, and British High

Commission on various clean energy and climate change programs.

Formerly with USAID and Emergent Ventures India Pvt. Ltd. (2010-2012) and Senior

Program Manager with ICF International (2006-2010).Provision of energy efficiency,

renewable energy, clean energy finance, sustainability and climate change related services

to donor agencies and national and international government and private sector clients.

Monica Guillen-Royo is currently working with a program on Information

Technology and Happiness at the TIK Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture in

Oslo. Before that she was a post-doctoral fellow at SUM, the Centre for Development and

the Environment at the University of Oslo. Monica holds a PhD from the Department of

Social and Policy Sciences at the University of Bath (UK). Her research is

transdisciplinary within the social sciences and draws on economics, anthropology,

psychology, and sociology to study the relationship between consumption and wellbeing

in income-poor and rich countries. She has also been working on a post-doctoral project

´Sustainable consumption in Peru, a study of the factors that determine sustainable

consumption and wellbeing across socio-economic groups.

9

Aage Stangeland is a Dr. scient. in material technology and worked formerly as an adviser (with particular focus on CO2 Capture and Storage, CCS) in the energy section of Bellona - one of Norway’s leading environmental NGOs, with a mixture of activism and cooperation and broad experience both within Norway and as regards the former Soviet Union. Bellona addresses environmental issues, climate change, renewable energy, oil production, nuclear, EU environmental policy, etc.

Aage is now working as a Special Advisor for The Research Council of Norway, one of his fields being Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

Jørgen Stig Nørgård, born in 1933 in Denmark, joined the academic and research

world rather late after working as a farmer and mechanic. He has an MSc and PhD from

the Technical University of Denmark, DTU, and has worked there since 1970 as associate

professor, investigating and teaching how to achieve environmental sustainability through

changes in technology, economics, equity, life styles, etc, with particular focus on energy

savings and downscaling..

Jørgen has written numerous papers, articles, and books, given lectures and seminars all

over the world, and been advisor for Denmark, the EU, the UN, governments, and NGOs.

He is now an emeritus associate professor at DTU, and although theoretically retired,

continues to work tirelessly for a sustainable and equitable world.

Sandy Halliday, based in Edinburgh, is a chartered engineer, has worked in building

research, training, policy guidance and as project advisor for local and national

government and private clients for 30 years. Her degree in Engineering Design &

Appropriate Technology focused on socially and environmentally responsible engineering.

She initially worked as a research manager developing UK policy & disseminating

information on passive design, resource efficient, clean technologies and benign

processes, products & materials.

Sandy founded GAIA Research (1996) to develop sustainable solutions for the built

environment; research, policy guidance, brief development, design support, community

consultation and inter-disciplinary education. She has published extensively including the

The Sustainability Guide to the RIBA Plan of Work and a leading book now out in a

revised second edition, Sustainable Construction.

Sidsel Roalkvam, Social anthropologist, Professor and Director at SUM, has worked in

interdisciplinary environments for the last 15 years, has an extensive research network and

participates in several collaborative research programs. She has designed and led several

radical interdisciplinary researches funded by the Norwegian Research Council. Sidsel was the

academic director of Livelihoods in Developing Countries, one of seven interdisciplinary

research programs initiated by the Oslo University board (2010-2015). She initiated and then

led the research group backing the Lancet University of Oslo Commission on Global

Governance for Health (2012-2014) and is currently advisor to the Independent Scientific

Monitoring Panel on Global Social and Political Determinants of Health. Her research receives

numerous citations as well as concrete policy impacts. The highly cited commission report

generated a substantial debate about global governance for health within the scientific press,

and pioneered use of the term ‘political determinants of health’ as a critical concept to assess

and develop governance mechanisms.

Steffen Kallbekken has worked at CICERO, the Centre for International Climate and

Environmental Research, since 2002, managing research projects on environmental taxes,

transport policy, behavioural interventions ("nudges"), and energy efficiency. He was

Research Director of the Climate Policy unit in 2012 and 2013, and the Climate

Economics Unit from 2014 to 2017. Since 2014 he has been Director of the FME-center

CICEP Center for International Climate and Energy Policy, and much of his recent

outreach and research has focused on the Paris Agreement.

His current research interests follow two main lines: The design of international climate

agreements, with a particular focus on the role of short-lived climate pollutants, and the

effectiveness and acceptability of climate policy instruments. Most of this research is

based on use surveys, lab and field experiments.

10

Bjørn Vidar Lerøen, expert on the North Sea oil and gas history, author

Alwin Wiederhold is a physicist working in the nuclear power industry since

1993. He is currently a member of the Spent Fuel Team in Nuclear Fuel and

Liabilities at EDF Energy, the United Kingdom.

His professional experience includes South Africa and the United Kingdom and he is

professionally associated with nuclear power industries in Germany, France, USA

and Sweden.

Nuclear safety analyst. Member of UK Working Party on Criticality (vice-chair

2007–2008). Member of Nuclear Fuel and Liabilities Department Spent Fuel Team.

Strategic analyst responsible for long term strategy and opportunities.

Omar Elhosseiny Elnady, Egypt, had his Ph.D from Ain Shams University in

Environmental engineering, and has also completed various additional higher

education in engineering, business, economics and politics overseas. He is a

consultant engineer who has designed several infra structure projects, as well as

being a lecturer in sustainable development, environmental and water engineering at

different universities including the American University in Cairo and Canadian

International College.

Omar is specialized in sustainable water resources management and environmental

solutions. He has over 12 publications; Topics include desalination technologies,

wastewater treatment, water supply, and strategic resources management.

Hege Westskog is Research Director at CICERO, Center for International

Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo. With a Ph.D in economics, she worked

for many years on policy instruments for behavioural change, specifically energy use.

She has worked on design of traditional economic instruments like emission trading

and non-economic ones like information. This research is both theoretical and

empirical, and conducted within interdisciplinary teams. Hege has increasingly

focused on solution oriented approaches, field studies and transdisciplinary research.

She has experience with both quantitative and qualitative methods and mixing those

to provide a better foundation for the research. Also research on design of policies at

the local level focusing on climate adaptation and mitigation.

Outi Pitkanen, researcher

Master of Arts (Culture, Environment and Sustainability) University of Oslo, Centre

for Development and the Environment Master’s thesis on Domestication of solar PV

systems in Mexican households

Bachelor of Social Sciences (Social Psychology, degree in Finnish) University of

Helsinki Bachelor’s thesis “Feedback on energy use: Promoting energy conservation

in residential homes?” (Grade: 5/5) Minor subject studies in Environmental change

and Policy, and Statistics

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (International Business) Aalto

University School of Economics, Mikkeli

MeeNilankco Theiventhran is a PhD candidate at the Department of Political

Geography at the University of Bergen and also attached to Faculty of Engineering

and Science at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences as a Research

Fellow. He is presently researching on policymaking on renewable energy and how

technology and investment can influence policymaking. He has 12 years of

experience in diplomatic missions and also teaches at the Department of Political

Science, University of Colombo and Open University of Sri Lanka. He is also a

Senior Researcher attached to Social Scientists Association in Sri Lanka. He has

extensive field experience in Sri Lanka and Nepal. His research interests include

environmental politics, clean energy technologies, energy policymaking. He is a

regular political commentator on local and international affairs in Sri Lanka.

11