Energy Effieciency at Home

8/4/2019 Energy Effieciency at Home

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SURUHANJAYA TENAGA(ENERGY COMMISSION)

No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2, 62100 PutrajayaTel : 03 8870 8500 Fax : 03 8888 8637Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)

Email : [email protected]


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INTRODUCTION 2What is energy efficiency? 2Why do we need to use electricity efficiently? 2

YOUR MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL 3

Electricity consumption in your home 4Cost of electrical appliances usage 4Formula to calculate the cost ofusing electrical appliances 5Reducing your electricity bills 8Auditing your home 8

C O N T E N T S


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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is the main source of energy used at home. While youbenefit from using electrical appliances at home, you should useelectricity no more than is necessary. Using electricity efficiently notonly saves money but will also protect the environment. Protectingthe environment for future generations should be built intoeverything we do today.

You should benefit from usingelectrical appliances at home

whilst using electricity no more

than necessary

Efficient use of electricityis our daily practice

*Kapten EE :Mascot of Energy EfficiencyCampaign


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Your

Electricity

Bill

Monthly


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Electricity Consumption in Your Home

The kitchen is a good place to start as this is where the major part ofelectricity needs at home is consumed which amounts to about 45%as shown in Table 1.

An average family in a low or medium-cost house spends about RM80

to RM170 per month respectively for electricity bill while the bill in atypical bungalow can exceed RM450 per month.

Cost of Electrical Appliance Usage

Many of us are unaware of the contribution of different appliances to

our monthly electricity bill. We can easily carry out our own energyaudit to manage our electricity consumption to save electricity usage.

Table 1 shows the average electricity consumption costs per month ina low cost, medium cost and bungalow home for a family of five.


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i. Power rating of the appliance (usually found on a nameplate oretched on the appliance) and its efficiency;

ii. Number of hours you use the appliance; andiii. The electricity tariff in Ringgit Malaysia per kilowatt-hour

The electricityconsumption cost perhousehold dependsvery much on familysize, living habits,number and age of

electrical appliancesand duration of use ofeach appliance.


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Example

A nominal 1 Horse power air conditioner (A/C) has an electrical loadof about 850 to 950 watt. The cost of using a 950 watt air-conditionerunit for five (5) hours daily is derived as follows:

Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh

kWh = 950 W x 5 h = 4.75 kWh1000

Secondly, calculate the cost of energy per day (refer to Table 2 fordomestic electricity tariff)

Energy Cost = 4.75 kWh x RM 0.218 = RM 1.04

Assuming that the usage is constant, the cost for using the air-conditioner for a month (assume 30 days) would be:


8/38Source : Tenaga Nasional Berhad, 2008

Table 2 : Domestic Electrical Tariff

Tariff Category Unit Rates1. Tariff A

Housing Tariff

For total use between 0-400kWh

First 200 kWh (1-200 kWh) per month sen/kWh 21.8

Subsequent 200 kWh (201-400 kWh) per month sen/kWh 34.5

Minimum charge per month is RM3.00

For total use exceeding 400kWh

First 500 kWh (1-500 kWh) per month sen/kWh 30.0





Every Subsequent kWh (901 kWh onwards) per month sen/kWh 46.0

Minimum charge per month sen/kWh RM3.00


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THE KITCHEN


Reducing your electricity bills

There are opportunities to improve the efficiency of electricity usageat home. Wise and efficient use can conserve energy, save money andhelp to protect our environment. The primary method is to analyseour electricity usage and assess where it can be comfortablycontrolled or used more efficiently. You can conduct your own energyaudit at home.

Auditing your home

The checklist below helps to audit home energy use and find outwhere energy is wasted as listed in Table 3. Please refer to Table 11 atthe back of the book to help you audit your home energy usage.

Table 12 is also attached for your reference.

Table 3 : Energy Saving Tips for Household Electrical Appliances


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2. Refrigerator Check temperature of the

Temperature Settings freezer:a the temperature of the

fridge should be setaccording to the contents ofthe fridge

a ideal operatingtemperature is - 18C

a adjust control thermostataccordingly.

Check temperature ofrefrigerator compartment:

a ideal refrigerator

temperature is 5C at thecoldest part

a adjust the thermostataccordingly

3. Door gaskets Check the door gasket is in


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Your Guide To Energy Efficiency At HomeYOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

5. Loading Check on food arrangement,

allow spaces between fooditems to ensure free aircirculation

6. Condenser Check the condenser coils toensure they are clean tomaintain the efficiency of therefrigerator

ELECTRIC/MICROWAVE OVEN

Things to check What to do

1. Oven door gasket Inspect regularly the doorgasket for signs of wear andtear

Check for defects in the hingesof the oven door.


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2. Operating Temperature Check and adjust the

thermostat to give comfortabletemperature - normallycomfortable temperature isbetween 24C and 26C

3. Maintenance Clean air filter to optimize(is recommended to be operation.carried out by authorisedperson) Clean the outside

coil fins twice a year.

Clean the blower unit coils atleast once a year.

Check and adjust thethermostat to give acomfortable temperature.

Check the level of system


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LIGHTING

Things to check What to do

1. Lights Check that the lights used arethe energy efficient (EE) type,e.g. use fluorescent lights, orEnergy Saving Lamps(Compact fluorescent lamps CFLs) instead of incandescentlamps.

Switch off lights when notrequired.


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Buying

Appliances

EfficientElectrical


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The cost of electricity used by an appliance over its working life oftenexceeds the purchase price of the appliance. Hence when purchasing

an equipment one should consider the total cost of owning theequipment.

The energy cost savings for efficient equipment, (which may be moreexpensive) over their life cycle, can be more than the extra cost ofpurchase. Table 4 shows the cost comparison for lights.

Similar comparisons can bemade for other equipment.It is important thatequipment is selected onthe basis of total cost ofpurchasing and operationcost for the equipment soas to get the best value-for-money


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Similar comparisons can be made for other equipment. It is important

that equipment is selected on the basis of total cost of purchasingand operation cost for the equipment so as to get the best value-for-money.

Energy Labelling

When buying electrical equipment, look for energy labels. Energylabel shows energy efficiency rating of equipment and helps to makewise choice when buying the equipment.

In Malaysia, the energy labelling system for refrigerator has beenestablished under the supervision of the Energy Commission with

cooperation from SIRIM since 2006.

Energy Performances of Electrical Equipment

The energy performance of some electrical equipment can be checkedat the nameplate. Air conditioners have Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).


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Table 5 : Imported equipment may have the following labels

USA Energy Star Labels (more

stars mean less energy

use)


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Using

WiselyEquipmentElectrical


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ENERGY SAVING TIPS

THE KITCHEN

The kitchen always uses a substantial amount (of about 40%) of theelectricity in the home. If you live in a medium cost house, you cansave about 10% of electricity or RM78 per year by using energyefficient electrical appliances in your kitchen.

REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER

Both equipments are normally used throughout the year and areconsidered the most expensive items to run in the kitchen. Thereforethey have high energy saving potential.

The reduced energy bill for a new energy efficient refrigerator orfreezer would usually compensate the cost of replacement of an oldand inefficient one.

A. Purchasing Guide


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B. Installation guide

Refrigerators/freezers give off heat when they operate to cool theircontents. This heat will cause the appliance to work for a longerperiod or become overheated and shorten its lifespan. Therefore, itwill consume more electricity and wear out quicker. Precautions totake note of when installing a refrigerator/freezer:

The refrigerator should not be placed in a very warm place e.g.area exposed to direct sunlight or near a cooker.

There should be adequate space above, behind and around thesides of the refrigerator for free air circulation.

C. Operating and Maintenance Guide

Refrigerator

When you are going away for a holiday, empty and clean therefrigerator. Switch it off and leave its door open.

Keep the condenser coils at the rear of the refrigerator clean.


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Freezer

Use vapour-proof, air tight wraps and containers when packing

food for freezing to ensure food is not dehydrated.

Decide on what you need to keep or remove from freezerbefore opening the door, repeated opening of the door wastesenergy.

Defrost the freezer when there is a 6 mm (1/4 inch) frost build-up.

Energy Saving Tip

If the temperature of the freezer is correctly adjusted to -18C, asaving of 60kWh per year equivalent to RM13 per year can be

obtained.KETTLE

Electric kettle is a cost-saving equipment. It uses less electricitycompared to boiling water in a traditional kettle on an electrichotplate. In an electric kettle, the heating element is placed directly


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Purchasing Guide

Choose an appropriate electric kettle size for your use. The bigger thesize the longer it takes to boil water. Therefore, the electricityconsumption is higher.

OVEN AND MICROWAVE OVEN

The traditional oven is a heavy energy consumer, so it has to be

utilized in the best possible way. Alternatively you should consider amicrowave oven if it can fulfill your cooking requirements. It isefficient, simple to operate and an energy saver.

A. Purchasing Guide

Microwave ovens use less energy and cook faster than

conventional electric ovens. They are also useful for heating (orre-heating) food quickly and can save up to 10-25%.

A microwave oven saves up to 75% of energy for cookingcompared to a conventional electric oven because of its lowerpower demand and quicker cooking time.


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B. Operating and Maintenance Guide

Oven

Preheating of oven is normally not necessary and the oven canbe switched off 5 to 10 minutes before the normal cooking timelimit to use the retained heat of the oven. This can save 10-25%electricity required for the cooking.

The oven door should be kept closed. If inspection is required,peek through the oven window.

Thaw frozen food before cooking. This will save energy whichotherwise would be needed to thaw food in the oven (and may

not cook evenly). Plan oven meals and cook several dishes at one time, if possible.

By doing this approximately 60% electricity can be saved.

Microwave Ovens


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LAUNDRY AND BATHROOM

Electrical appliances in the laundry and bathroom can cost up to RM400 per year. You can save money by using them according to therecommended operation and maintenance guide.

Water Heater

There are two types of electric water heaters.

Instant water heaters heat water as it is used, while storagewater heaters (less commonly used), store heated water forlater use; and

The storage type of heaters tend to waste energy as they

attempt to keep the stored water hot all the time, even whenthe water is not used.

A. Purchasing Guide

Choose an instant water heater because it consumes less energythan storage water heater.


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B. Installation Guide

Always install hot water system according to themanufacturers instructions.

For maximum efficiency, the hot water system shouldbe installed as close as possible to the point of mostfrequent use (especially for the storage type).

Fit a low flow fitting that can reduce waterconsumption by up to 70%.


Encourage quick showers instead of baths. Less hot

water is used in a shower.Bathroom Tips:

Install a quality, low flow showerhead.

Insert a plug into the basin to avoid hot water running downthe drain.


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B. Operational and Maintenance Guide

It is a waste of electricity and water to use the washing machine just

to wash a pair of trousers or a few shirts. Gather the laundry, so thatthe machine can be filled up. The electricity consumption is almostthe same for full or part load washing.

Washing machines use relatively the same amount of energyregardless of the size of the laundry load. Run full loads

whenever possible.

Do not overload the washing machine.

Choose the correct wash cycle.

Avoid using the pre-wash programme.

Use optimum temperature setting. Avoid hot washing cycle, ifpossible.

Energy Saving Tip

One full load wash will cost RM 0.18.


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A. Purchasing Guide

Steam iron consumes more energy than dry iron.

A lighter iron will heat up quicker and uses less energy while aheavy iron takes a long time to heat up before it can be used.

B. Operational and Maintenance Guide

Iron low temperature fabrics first to reduce the warm-up timeand switch the iron off before finishing the last garment.

Iron large batches of clothing at the same time to avoid wastingenergy in reheating. Remember an iron takes energy to heat upand this energy is wasted if the iron is used for frequent ironing


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The cheaper window type air conditioners are now losing out to thesplit type, which have the advantage of separating the compressorfrom the cooling unit thus reducing the noise level in the cooledroom.

The lower energy costs of the more efficient new air conditioners canoften justify replacement even if existing ones are still in goodcondition.

A. Purchasing Guide

Choose the correct size of the air conditioning unit that you


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Check the energy star rating of the unit. More stars indicate

that the air conditioner is more efficient (up to a maximum of6).

Check the airflow rate, (normally in cubic feet per minute, orcfm); the higher the rate (between 200-300 cfm for a 1 hp unit)the faster the cooling and the better the air circulation is.

B. Installation Guide

For a split unit, the compressor is best located under a shade to avoidthe heating effect of direct sunlight on the unit and should haveadequate air circulation around it.


Do not block air conditioner vents with drapes or furniture

Keep windows and outside doors closed to keep minimizationthe cool air inside.


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On a hot day close your curtains and blinds. This helps to keep

the heat away.

Regular maintenance of air conditioner including cleaning ofthe air conditioner and air filters as well as heat exchanger coilsis necessary to get the best performance out of the airconditioner.

Landscaping trees and shrubs next to the house help inreducing the cooling load.

Shade screens, glass tints, and window/wall awnings areanother way of cutting down on heat gain.

Fans

Fans are cheap but reliable and seldom replaced Technology hasmade new fans more energy efficient.


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Table 7 : Average COP for type of fan

Type of Fan Diameter and COP

Ceiling fans 48-60 inches diameter 3.5 m3/min/W

Stand, table and wall fans 10-16 inches diameter 1.0 m3/min/W

Box fans 10-14 inches diameter 0.5 m3/min/W

Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

B. Operating and Maintenance Guide

Ensure that the fan is not blocked at its rear as the resistance tothe air flow will either reduce its performance or make itoperate in an overload condition.


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Table 8 : Electricity Consumption When the Home Entertainment is in Standby Mode

Equipment Standby power (Watt) Annual electricity (kWh)

Stereo 1-25 7-185TV-15 inch 3-9 21-65

TV-28 inch 0.1-14 1-100

Video 1-17 9-149

Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

Equipment gradedunder Energy Staror similar standards is

efficient and shouldbe selected whereavailable.


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COMPUTERS

A. Purchasing Guide

Purchase a computer that has an energy star label. The biggerthe number of stars, the more efficient is the computer with


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Conditions of computer operations:

Off : The computer is switched off at the contact breakeron the computer, but not at the plug.

Sleep mode : The computer is almost switched off both theprocessor and the monitor can have a load of 1 30W.

Screen saver : Is used to protect the monitor. It is in a waiting

Table 9 : Computer Loads Under Various Conditions

Computer Off Sleep mode Screen Saver Busy

Processor 3W 10W 20W 25W

Monitor 3W 10W 80W 90W

Total 6W 20W 105W 115W


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LIGHTING

Lighting accounts for only around 10% or less of your electricity bill.However, you can do several things to reduce this cost by choosing theenergy saving bulbs and act energy-minded. Refer to table 10 below,a 400W of lamp that is used for 2-3 hours/day will cost RM13.80 in amonth.

Types of Lamps

1. Incandescent lamps

Generate a high amount of heat and are typically used with a ratingof 60W. They are an inefficient artificial light source and their light

intensity efficiency is about 18 lumens/Watt.

2. Fluorescent lamps

Generate bright light and are most often used with a rating of 36W.These lamps come together with ballasts, normally rated at 8W loss,


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These lamps are fairly expensive, but they last up to 8 times longerthan incandescent lamps and use only about 20% of the energy toemit the same amount of light.

A. Purchasing Guide

Shop for energy saving bulbs and lamps which can save up to80% in lighting energy costs.

Choose energy saving lamps such as compact fluorescentlamps (CFLs). Even though they are more expensive topurchase, they save considerably more due to their lower


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Living Room

Use dimmer switches to turn lights down to low.

Make sure there is no light reflection on TV screen to ensurecomfort.

Switch off the light when not in use.

Kitchen

Make sure the work area is suitably lit.

Install lighting directly above the work area.

Install a doorway switched light for the pantry.

Bathroom And Storeroom

Place a light above the mirror.

Install a ceiling light for the larger bathroom.


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SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 262100 PutrajayaTel : 03 8870 8500Fax : 03 8888 8637

Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)Email : [email protected]

CETREE - Center for Education and Training in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated costNo. Reading Consumption

(Difference)

1 17850

2 17950 100 200kWh = RM0.218 100 kWj x RM0.218 =

RM21.80

3 18150 200 Next 200kWh = (100kWj x RM0.218) +RM0.345 (100kWj x RM0.345) =

RM56.30

Bill amount for 3 weeks

RM56.30 + RM RM21.8 = RM78.1

Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated CostNo. Reading Consumption

(Difference)

Table 11

Example to monitor electricity consumption at home :

Table 12

Documents

Energy Effieciency at Home