Energy Efficient Mobile Backhaul: A BBF InitiativeBackhaul: A BBF Initiative

Konstantinos Samdanis and Manuel PaulJune 2015June 2015

Outline Motivation Environmental and Cost Considerations Environmental and Cost Considerations Regulatory Policies

Energy Efficient Mobile Backhaul Network Planning Nodal Requirements Network Management Network Management

Summary

2

The Broadband Forum is the central organization driving global broadband wireline solutions and empowering converged packet networks worldwide

Focused on engineering smooth evolution of broadband networks and mitigating new technology risks

Our work-– defines best practices for global networks– enables service and content delivery– engineers critical device & service management tools and

3

engineers critical device & service management tools, and – is key to redefining broadband

Energy Efficiency: An Industry VisionReduce CO2e intensity of our worldwide business by 80%, from 1997 levels, by Dec 2020.

40% fewer CO2emissions by 2020.

• “Green Action” plan • voluntarily agreed to reduce

Halve CO2 in mature markets by 2020. Reduce CO2 per network node by 20% y y g

energy use per unit of telecoms traffic by 20% by 2012 compared to 2008

Reduce GHG emissions by 159 kilotonnes (50% of 2003 GHG emissions) by the end of 2020.

by 2015 in emerging markets.

Strives to save energy and Reducing our carbon intensity by 50% by 2020. gy

reduce CO2 emissions at its communications facilities.

Reduce the electricity consumption relative to data growth on our network by 17% as compared 2010.

Launched its first line of environmentally friendly products

4 Reduce our energy consumption in networks by 30%

y p“Telecom Italia Green”

Between 2006 and 2020• Committed to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% • Reduce energy consumption by 15%

Environmental Policies & Telco‘s CostsKyoto protocol in 1997 introduced a strong objective to take action against global warming.

EC Code-of-Conduct (1999) Policies for reducing CO2 - mandates towards SDOs (M462)

define upper bound energy limits for equipment

Increasing Energy Costs EC Telcos’s Energy OPEX Costs* Infrastructure enhancement estimations for 2020

Telcos‘ devices > 3 times

5

broadband access > 9 times

* Source: R. Bolla, et. al., “Energy Efficiency in the Future Internet: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Trends in Energy-Aware Fixed Network Infrastructures”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.13, No. 2, 2011

Saving Energy: How and Where How to provide energy efficiency?

Match offered capacity to demandMatch offered capacity to demand

Where in telecom systems? Access (70%): (i) High number of devices Access (70%): (i) High number of devices

(ii) High variation of Capacity-Demand Transport/Core (30%): High device expenditure

6 Source: R. Bolla, et. al., “Energy Efficiency in the Future Internet: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Trends in Energy-Aware Fixed Network Infrastructures”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol.13, No. 2, 2011

Energy Efficient Mobile BackhaulBBF TR-293

Specification for Energy Efficient Mobile Backhaul Provide conceptual background for the deployment Considering the external transport specific behavior Without an intent to define internal system design or system y g y

architecture

Energy savings in RAN equipment Motivates this effort, be reflected in mobile backhaul Defining energy requirements for RAN is out of scope

Energy savings without compromising SLAs 7

Scope and Contribution of the BBF Initiative

Radio CoreBBF TR-221 Mobile Backhaul Architecture

MSC

HSSMME

MSC P/S-Gw

Pl i Network-basedHolisticHolisticPlanning

ManagementEquipment

Network based

8 Align RAN and Core Network Energy

q p

Energy Efficient Network Planning Place resources/dimension topology: Off-line activity

BBF Architecture & Network Virtualization BBF Architecture & Network Virtualization Fewer “boxes”, node consolidation Unifies 2G/UMTS/HSDPA/LTE on a common IP/packet-based infrastructure E bl i f h i & h l l Enables infrastructure sharing & wholesale

9 Reference Architecture BBF TR-221

Power Consumption Vs Operational Mode “Sleeping”: most effective means to save energy Multiple sleeping and “off” states may exist Multiple sleeping and off states may exist Transition energy overhead

benefit only if saved energy larger than transition energy overhead

Duration of transition (may not be interruptible)

10

IEEE Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) EEE Mechanism Description Defines a Low Idle link state Protocol to enable PHY in low idle to maintain up-to-date operational

parameters allowing fast link activation

EEE M bil B kh l li bilit EEE Mobile Backhaul applicability Common for LTE base stations in access and aggregation networks

External Behaviour External Behaviour Packet bundling: may introduce delay and packet loss/buffer overflow

11

IEEE Power over Ethernet (PoE) Mechanism Description

Delivers power along with data saving ~0 6-2 1W/portDelivers power along with data saving 0.6 2.1W/port IEEE 802.3af-2003 PoE:15.4 W / IEEE 802.3at-2009 PoE: 25.5 W

Empowers remote devices: reduce cabling / eliminates AC outletsP id t l f tt h d d i ( / ff)Provides energy control of attached devices (power-on/off)

Mobile Backhaul applicability R l t f ll ll ith t lRelevant for small cells without a power supply Applicable to equipment within the range of PoE power supply

E t l B h i External Behaviour RAN/backhaul coordination need for alarm avoidance

12

ONU Power Management in ITU-T PON Mechanism Description

Three means of power modes:

ITU-T G.987.3 / G.984.3

Three means of power modes: Doze mode: ONU Tx off - Rx remains continuously on Cyclic sleep mode: ONU Tx-Rx sleep/active periods in sequential periods Watchful sleep mode: Doze on ONU side and Cyclic sleep mode on OLT

The ONU power management states: Listen state: ONU Rx on - Tx off (needs synchronization) Asleep/Watch state: ONU with both Rx-Tx off / Rx periodically turned on to check DozeAware / SleepAware / WSleepAware: Both ONU Rx/Tx remain on.

Mobile Backhaul Applicability: High Bw aggregation and access

External Behaviour:Tight relation between power reduction and SLAs13

EEE-based Link Aggregation (LAG) Mechanism Description

LAG based-on IEEE 802 1AX (BBF TR-223)LAG based on IEEE 802.1AX (BBF TR 223) allows one or more links to be bundled together

Combine EEE with LAG EEE low idle link state used for each link of the bundle EEE low idle link state used for each link of the bundle links removed from bundle enter in low idle link state

Mobile Backhaul Applicability Mobile Backhaul ApplicabilityUsed in access and aggregation networks to enhance link capacity

decision to remove member links of LAG can be based on observed load

External BehaviourLAG removal and addition of links reflects link rate 14

Energy Saving Management

Energy saving management refers to: P li i / f ti d l ll t ll b th Policies / functions managed locally, centrally or both

Centralized control: manages easier a large number of entities Device control: based on local load observations

Monitoring processes collect information about: Energy consumption of equipment and functions Energy consumption of equipment and functions Traffic load conditions and network utilization

ensure profitable energy savings by identifying off-peak periods Performance at the node and through network management

15

Broadband Forum Architectures and Specifications drive Energy-Efficient, Interoperable Implementationsdrive Energy Efficient, Interoperable Implementations

BBF TR-293: Energy Efficient Mobile Backhaul

Planning: Multi-RAN - Virtualization - Consolidation

Equipment: Energy proportionalityq p gy p p y

Network: Coordination - Control

Management: Metering and Monitoring Management: Metering and Monitoring

16

Thanks! Any Questions?

17