Upload
trannhu
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Energy efficiency indicators in industry
Bruno Lapillonne, Enerdata
Taller de trabajo del proyecto BIEE / Mesoamérica
Base de Indicadores de Eficiencia Energética
UPME 24-25 Marzo 2015
Energy intensity of industry
Energy intensity of industry: ratio relating the energy consumption of industry to the value added of industry (koe/€2000) Decrease of the ratio means that industry requires less energy to generate one unit (i.e. one euro) of value added
It means that industry use energy more efficiently from an economic viewpoint but not necessarily from a technical viewpoint We will say that industry has improved its energy productivity
Energy intensity of industry can be defined at different levels depending on the coverage of the industry sector
The definitions are given by the International classification of industrial branches (ISIC or Nace) where industry is broken down into 4 main sectors: Section C: Mining Section D: Manufacturing Section E: Electricity, gas and water Section F: Construction
Trends in energy intensity of industry
Energy intensities of industry, manufacturing and mining: case of Chile
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
koe
/ k$
20
03
Intensidad Industria Intensidad Manufactura Intensidad Minería
Source: BIEE, Ministerio de Energía de Chile
Energy intensity : total industry versus manufacturing
6
-1,5%
-1,0%
-0,5%
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
2,0%
2000-2005 2005-2010 2000-2010
Total industry Manufacturing
Variation of the energy intensity in industry (country X)
Trends can be quite different between industry total and manufacturing industry
Advanced indicators for industry
8
Intensity by branch (koe/$2000, koe/$2000p)
Specific energy consumption (koe/ton)
Sectoral energy intensities in industry
Energy intensity by industrial branch are calculated as a ratio relating the energy consumption of the branch and its value added of industry (koe/€2000) Requires energy consumption and value added by branch at constant prices with similar classifications
Exist an international classification of manufacturing branch that is used in more and more countries
Manufacturing industry by branch: international classification(ISIC / Nace)
Nace code (2 digits)
15-16 Food (15) and tobacco (16)
17-19 Textile (17), Wearing apparel (18) and Leather (19)
20 Wood
21-22 Paper (21) and printing (22)
24-25 Chemicals (24), Rubber & plastics (25)
26 Non metallic Minerals
27 Primary metals (steel, non ferrous)
28 Fabricated metallic products
29 Machinery and equipment
30-33 Office equipment (30), electrical machinery (31),
communication equipment (32), optical (33)
34-35 Motor vehicles (34) and transport equipment (35)
36-37 Others (furniture,...)
Refineries and coking plants (Division 23) excluded;
28%
1%
12%
9% 6% 6%
29%
9%
2012 Food
Textile
Paper
Chemicals
Cement
Ceramics
Primary metals
including iron-alloys
Other manufacturing
21%
2%
11%
11% 6% 5%
35%
9%
2000
Energy consumption of manufacturing by sub-sector in Brazil
Increasing relative share of food industry: sugar, processed and frozen products; Decreasing share of primary metals and chemicals (less investments and more imports)
11 Source: BIEE EPE
Breakdown of the energy consumption by industrial branch: case of Brazil
12
0
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
2000 2010
Energy intensity by branch (koe per $2000) (Uruguay)
Sectoral energy intensities: case of Uruguay
Specific energy consumption of energy intensive products: case of Chile
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Toe
/ to
n
Intensidad Papel y celulosa Intensidad Acero Intensidad Cemento Intensidad Cobre
Source: BIEE, Ministerio de Energía de Chile
Specific energy consumption (toe/ton)
Copper is very intensive in Chile and its specific energy consumption is increasing due to less concentrated ores Using a double scale or showing each product separately enables to better see the trends by product
0,000
0,100
0,200
0,300
0,400
0,500
0,600
0,700
Steel
toe/
ton
ne
1990 2000 2010 2012
Specific energy consumption of steel in Brazil
Decreasing specific energy consumption of steel
14
Source: EPE Source: BIEE/EPE
Benchmarking of energy efficiency perfomance among EU countries: case of ODYSSEE
Need to compare performance with homogeneous product (e.g. clinker,
the energy intensive component of cement, or mechanical pulp or oxygen
steel)
If heterogeneous product or if there exist different production process,
need of benchmarking on a similar mix of product and process (e.g. steel,
cement, paper)
In ODYSSEE graphical benchmarking with the specific consumption
in the vertical axe and the process mix in the horizontal axe
Distance to the world benchmark line indicate the potential of
improvement
16
Average energy consumption per ton of steel (2004)
USA
BrazilRussia
EU
Egypt
Japan
Thailand
ChinaIndia
Taiwan Mexico
Turkey
Korea
Ukraine
AustraliaArgentina
Canada
South Africa
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% electric steel
toe/t
World benchmark
Distance to benchmark:
energy savings potential
Comparison
should be made at
similar process
mix
In industry, the best world practices are no longer found in the most developed countries
Source: Enerdata
Data and indicators: industry
18
• Value added at constant price by industrial branch;
• Production index by industrial branch;
• Physical production for energy intensive products*;
• Final energy consumption by industrial branch;
Data
• Energy intensity by branch* • Unit consumption by intensive
products; • Energy intensity at constant
structure*;
INDICATORS
*steel, cement, aluminium, copper, ferroalloys,
sugar, iron mining, potassium, ceramics, gold mining
Activity data in industry : overview
Activity data by branch are usually collected by National Statistical Offices
The branch covered follows at national level national classifications that are usually adapted from international classifications:
Published by National Statistical Offices often in current prices, sometimes also at constant price
If constant price not available, data may be given with price index by branch and/or index of volume by branch can be used to calculate value added values at constant price
Energy consumption by branch: main sources
Different sources of information are available:
The most comprehensive sources are industrial surveys;
The other source is administrative , i.e. the administration;
requires utilities and/or consumers to provide the information;
Modeling may be used to complete the information for intermediate years;
Metering relate to audits data that can only be used at national level if the sample is representative.
National energy consumption by branch: overview of sources
According to an IEA consultation covering mainly OECD countries, industrial surveys represented about half of the sources of national energy consumption statistics by branch in a sample of 22 countries; The other main source is administrative (about one fourth) 30% of countries rely on more than one method
52%
26%
22%
0%
Surveys
Administratives
Modeling
Metering
Source: AIE survey 2011 (march 2012),
Main lessons from indicators in industry
Moderate and unequal coverage of indicators by industry sub –sector; The main problems encountered are:
1. Lack of energy consumption by branch in 5 countries ( Argentina Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Guatemala).
2. Incomplete coverage of industry sector in official statistic (“zone franca”) 3. Lack of harmonized classification by industry sub sector between value
added and energy consumption : many countries only provide energy consumption for selected energy intensive production that do not fit the ISIC classification used for VA (case of Brazil, Chile and Mexico) impossibility to calculate the effect of changes in the structure of industry .
4. Production index defined at a more disaggregated level than required in the template “aggregation” of the index to be done using weight and not arithmetic average (example shown in an excel file “index average.xls)
5. Lack of specific consumption for energy intensive products (i.e. steel, cement, cement, paper) because of confidential data on consumption and/or production (not enough companies) (e.g. Uruguay)