Energy Design of Buildings using Thermal Mass Cement Association
of Canada July 2006 Slide 2 Buildings Energy Consumption and
Environmental Impact Worldwide buildings consume 40% of total
energy available Heating, cooling and ventilation represent 50% of
consumed energy Shortfalls of Building Energy Codes in North
America: do not address some parameters that affect building energy
performance, including: building shape orientation layout and
compactness thermal storage effects of building mass (ASHRAE gives
limited recognition) Minimum building energy performance (kWh / m 2
year) for different building categories already exist in some
European countries Slide 3 Massive old structures Benefits of mass
to moderate indoor climate known for centuries Examples found in
many hot climate countries (ex. adobe housing) Buildings used heavy
wall construction (stone, masonry) Slide 4 Principles of Thermal
Mass Design in Modern Buildings Acts as a heat sink, absorbing heat
gains, stores and releases heat back to interior space Reduces and
delays peak load demands Helps reduce heating and cooling energy
demands Effects on HVAC design recognized by ASRAE Slide 5 LEED and
Energy Credits Points awarded for percentage reduction in design
energy cost relative to MNECB and ASRAE 90.1 New Buildings To
achieve higher level energy performance and reduce environmental
impact from excessive energy use Design based on either : Model
National Energy Code ( Canada) or ASRAE / IESNA 90.1 ( USA) LEED
calculations include energy consumption for HVAC, hot water use and
interior lighting Slide 6 AnnualFree Run Temperature Profile of a
Building with different Mass FRT simulation illustrates buildings
passive response to its local climate Shows natural inside
temperature fluctuation without active heat gains FRT simulation
demonstrates the effect of passive components (mass) on building
thermal response Slide 7 Solar Radiation and the Building Envelope
Summer surface temperature of dark tinted glass in downtown
Vancouver Terasen Building Summer surface temperature of a concrete
wall in downtown Vancouver Macmillan Bloedell Building Slide 8
Passive Solar Design Concept of the 1980 th Passive solar house
provides cooling and heating without mechanical equipment Design
parameters include site selection and building orientation,
construction materials and building features to capture solar heat
Direct Gain design utilizes buildings thermal mass elements to
store heat from sunlight Slide 9 Cement Association of Canada
Sustainable Design and Thermal Mass Study Guide to Sustainable
Design with Concrete based on new LEED Canada document Energy
efficient design forms a major component in sustainable design of
buildings (reflected in point system in LEED) Study focused on the
effects of thermal mass on energy consumption in buildings in
Canada Slide 10 Thermal Mass study objective: To examine the
effects of varying levels of thermal mass on energy consumption of
a model commercial building Light mass constructionMedium mass
constructionHeavy mass construction Three levels of building mass
used in the model: Slide 11 Study Phase 1 Consultants: Stantec
Consultants (formerly KEEN Engineering) Building input parameters
and modeling assumptions Computer modeling assumed passive
contribution of thermal mass Slide 12 Phase 1 - Results Results
presented in terms of: Thermal mass contribution to energy use or
reduction in heating and cooling loads ( energy measured in kWh/m 2
and annual utility costs in $ / m 2 ) Thermal mass contribution to
LEED Energy and Atmosphere credit points earned (as measured by %
of energy reduction over a benchmark energy use) Slide 13 Operating
Cost Savings Annual Energy Use for a Small Office Building in
Vancouver, BC Slide 14 Thermal mass and energy use example
-Vancouver Slide 15 LEED points versus building thermal mass Slide
16 Study Phase 2 Consultants: Cobalt Engineering Study parameters:
Slide 17 Phase 2 - additional parameters studied Thermal mass
location and distribution Slide 18 Phase 2 Study - Results Report
Executive summary: The study results demonstrate that with the
addition of thermal mass to the building envelope and structure:
90% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space heating
energy requirements 60% of all simulated cases experienced reduced
annual space cooling energy requirements 93% of all simulated cases
experienced reduced peak space heating demand 92% of all simulated
cases experienced reduced peak space cooling demand Slide 19 Space
Heating Energy Requirements -Results Slide 20 Space Cooling Energy
Requirements -Results Slide 21 Thermal Mass Monitoring of UBC ICICS
Building ( Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive
Systems) New ICICS building designed to use 48% less energy in
accordance with CBIP criteria 6 story concrete building completed
in 2004 Mechanical design use chilled/heating slab system Ongoing
monitoring program in place to evaluate actual energy consumption
as well as to evaluate occupants comfort Interim results indicate
that thermal comfort of occupants has been achieved Slide 22 Indoor
temperature reading over a period of 10 days in July 2006 Slide 23
*1.Total building energy use Dec12/05-Aug2/06:1337309 ICICS average
bldg energy use per hour over this period:239.1469 *2.ICICS average
energy use per square meter per year:183.6242 Total CICSR energy
use Feb8/05-Jan25/06: 3165523 CICSR average bldg energy use per
hour over this period:374.7067 *3.CICSR average energy use per
square meter per year:357.1742 Per square meter, the ICICS building
uses 51% as much electricity as the CICSR building Electricity use
in ICICS and CICSR (control) buildings 6 months usage Energy used
for cooling and ventilation (chillers), lights and computers ICICS
building not yet fully occupied. Slide 24 Project examples where
Thermal Mass design is used Mountain Co-op, Montreal Manitoba Hydro
new office, Winnipeg Life Sciences Building, UBC Gleneagles
Community Center, West Vancouver
