Energy challenges in Latin America and in Switzerland in ...hrudnick.sitios.ing.uc.cl/paperspdf/Puttgen.pdf · nuclear energy by not renewing the five presently operating nuclear

Santiago de Chile, Dec. 3, 2013 http://EnergyCenter.epfl.chE n e r g y C e n t e r

Energy challenges in Latin America and in Switzerland in the context of the EU outlook

Hans Björn (Teddy) PüttgenProfesseur Honoraire

EPFL – Lausanne, Switzerland

Georgia Power Distinguished Professor EmeritusGeorgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) – Atlanta, USA

Fellow IEEE

Santiago de Chile

December 3, 2013


Switzerland

Confederation of 23 Cantons

Federal level:• Executive body – 7 Federal councelors• Parlament: Senate & House of reps.

Each Canton:• Elected executive body• House of representatives

Direct democracy – we vote three times each year!


Chile & Switzerland - 2011 data

Chile Switzerland

Population Million 17.3 7.9 23% foreign

Land area km2 743’000 41’285

IEA 2011:TPES Mtoe Production 9.88 12.33

Net import 24.85 14.38Total 33.57 25.37

TPES/Cap toe 1.94 3.22TPES/GDP thousand 2005USD 0.21 0.06Elec./Cap kWh 3’580 7’970Co2/Cap t 4.42 5.06


Chile & Switzerland - 2011 data

Chile Switzerland

Electricity production TWh

Coal 19.6Oil 6.3Gas 13.7Biofuels 4.7Nuclear 26.7Hydro 21.0 34.1Other (incl. PV, wind, geothermal) 0.4 3.3Total 65.7 64.6


The European Union


European Union

EU501 Million inhabitants2012: 16.5 Trillion US$ GDP 4.3 Million km2

United States315 million inhabitants2012: 15.8 Trillion US$ GDP9.8 Million km2


The European Union energy – climate challenge

By 2020

Reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions by 20%

Improve the overall energy efficiency by 20%

Cover the energy needs using at least 20% renewable energies

Santiago de Chile, Dec. 3, 2013 http://EnergyCenter.epfl.chE n e r g y C e n t e r8Sources: EWEA (2011): Pure Power. Wind energy targets for 2020 and 2030

EU Forecasts


Convenant of Mayors in Europe

Over 4’400 signatories

Representing a population of over 168 Million people

Committed to exceed the European Union CO2emission targets

Santiago de Chile, Dec. 3, 2013 http://EnergyCenter.epfl.chE n e r g y C e n t e r10

The PV and wind location dilemma

Greatest PV potential – south in Mediterrean countries

Greatest Wind potential – Baltic Sea, North Sea, Coast lines

Need for major North – South transmission expansions


The German feed-in tariff policy


Feed-in tariff impact on the overall household expenses in Germany

The feed-in tariff for 2014 will be 0.0624 €/kWh or 0.085 $/kWh

Consequence: poorer families get subsidies to pay for electricity!


Légende

PV Eolienne

PV and wind production in GermanyTotal over 16 days: 3.8 TWh

The renewable energis challenge is STORAGE

[MW]Puissances installées : Eolien: >29GWcr PV: >25GWcrPuissances installées : Eolien: >29GWcr PV: >25GWcr

Generation[GWh]

67132

102131

135144

146154

22137

5175

61114

134151

128154

172119

286118

189133

51119

35148

71143

40162

1.6882.135


The «dynamic» relationship between the EU and Switzerland in the context of

bilateral relations


Presentation of Dr. O. Koch, EU Commission, DG EnergyStromkongress – Berne 14 janvier 2013


Présentation Dr. O. Koch, Commission UE, DG EnergieStromkongress – Berne 14 janvier 2013


The nuclear energy bifurcation:

Development continues worldwide

In Europe, a few countries are withdrawing


Nuclear energy - world situation - 1

August 2012

435 nuclear reactors available for network connection

104 in the United States

70 reactors in the United States have already seen their operationallicences extended from 40 to 60 years.

30 countries

2010

Nuclear energy: 13.5% of the worldwide electric energy production


Nuclear energy - world situation - 2Construction and planning of new plants

In construction : 61• 26 in China• 10 in Russia• 7 in India• 4 in Korea• 14 elsewhere

Proposed : > 400• 44 countries • Of which 18 do not

yet have a nuclearpower plant


The situation in EuropeNuclear energy contributes more than 30% of the total electricityproduction in 13 countries.

2010 % of nuclear energy contribution to electricity productionFrance 78%Slovaqia 54%Belgium 54%Ukraine 47%…….Switzerland 40%Sweden 40%…..Japan 27%Germany 22%

Switzerland has decided to exit fromnuclear energy by not renewing the five presently operating nuclear power plants when they reach their safe end of life – in 2035 or earlier.

This is one of the most difficult nuclearenergy exit challenges in the world.

Among countries exiting nuclearenergy:

• Switzerland has the highestcontribution of nuclear energy

• The lowest contribution of fossil-fired power plants


Germany – 22% nuclearAugust 2011 Shut down of 8 of the 17 operating reactors.

8’400 MW2022 Shut down of the remaining 9 reactors

12’100 MW

Belgium – 55% nuclear2015 Shut down of 3 of the 7 operating reactors

1’400 MW2025 Shut down of the remaining 4 reactors

4’100 MW

FrancePresident Hollande has committed to shut down the nuclear power plant atFessenheim (2 * 900 MW PWR) by the end of 2016 and to reduce the share ofnuclear energy to the electricity production from 75% to 50% by 2025.

The exit from nuclear energy in Europe


The Swiss situation

2011


Switzerland - Energy demand by energy

- Less petroleum59.7% -> 53.7%

- More natural gaz- More « other »- More electricity

Source : OFEN

2000

2011

Only 25% of the total energy consumption is electricity

The key energy challenge is fossil NOT only electric


Switzerland – Energy demand by sectors

2000

Little evolution Source : OFEN

2011

Changes in energy consumption can only happen gradually


Electric energy generation in Switzerland

2000

2011

Very little evolution.

Last major power plant put on-line: Leibstadt in 1984 (nuclear)

Source : OFEN


Electric utilities in Switzerland

Source : OFEN

More than 850 electric utilities!Most often incorporated as private sector companies.

However, the shareholders overwhelmingly are public authorities.


Electricity production in selected European countries

Source : OFEN

2011


Switzerland and Austria - 2010

Austria Switzerland

Population (millions) 8.36 7.88

Prim. ener. /cap. (toe/cap.) 3.79 3.45

Prim. ener. /GDP (toe/USD 2000) 0.00014 0.00009

Elec./cap. (MWh/cap.) 7.9 7.9 inclus pertes et P/T

CO2/cap. (ton/hab.) 7.6 5.4

Electricity production in Austria: 38% fossilElectricity production in Switzerland: 38% nuclear

QUESTION: can Switzerland execute its energy transition without emulating Austria as far as its CO2 emissions are concerned?

Source : AIE 2011


Consommation du pays

2011 Import: 6 months2000 Import: 1 month

Source : OFEN

Switzerland may become a net importer of electricity – from where?


New hydro power facilities planned

Plant name Type year Turb. Pump. MW

FMHL Pump./Turb. 2014 +240 +240

Nant de Drance Pump./Turb. 2016 600 600

Nant de Drance+ Pump./Turb. 2020 +300 +300 (1)

Gondo+ Hydro. sto. 2013 + 12

Electra Massa Hydro. sto. 2013 + 12

Ener. Elec. Simplon Pump./Turb. 2020 110 110

Innertkirchen 1a Hydro. sto. 2015 +180

Handeck 2a Hydro. sto. 2015 +120

Grimsel 3 Pump./Turb. 2020 +600 +600

Linthal Pump./Turb. 2020 1’000 1’000

Verzasca Pump./Turb. 2020 +300 +300

Valposchiavo Pump./Turb. 2020 1’000 1’000

(1) Increase of dam height by 12 m required

21 mars 2011

Where will the pumpingenergy come from?


Energy challenges in Latin America and in Switzerland in the context of the EU outlook

Hans Björn (Teddy) PüttgenProfesseur Honoraire

EPFL – Lausanne, Switzerland

Georgia Power Distinguished Professor EmeritusGeorgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) – Atlanta, USA

Fellow IEEE

Santiago de Chile

December 3, 2013

Documents

Energy challenges in Latin America and in Switzerland in ...hrudnick.sitios.ing.uc.cl/paperspdf/Puttgen.pdf · nuclear energy by not renewing the five presently operating nuclear