7th Grade Science

Directed Reading Packet

Energy

Name: _______________________

Teacher: __________ Period: ____

DR 1.1-Types of Energy

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

Defining EnergyEnergy is defined as the ability to cause a change in _______________.

Energy can also be defined as the ability to do _______________.

Work is done when a _______________ is used to move matter.

When work is done, energy is _______________ from one object to another.

What are the two units used to measure energy?

List several forms of energy:

Mechanical energy can be divided into two groups. What are they?

Kinetic EnergyWhat can be said about any object that has kinetic energy?

List five things with kinetic energy:

What two factors determine the amount of kinetic energy an object has?

Write the formula to calculate the kinetic energy of an object:

Which has more kinetic energy, a car going down the highway or a truck going down the highway? Explain your answer.

Which has more kinetic energy, a car going slowly down a road or the same car going very quickly down the road? Explain your answer.

Potential EnergyWhy do the leaves still on the trees in autumn have potential energy?

An object has potential energy because of its _______________ or _______________.

Gravitational Potential EnergyExplain how gravitational potential energy is energy of position.

Write the formula to calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object:

Which has more gravitational potential energy, a leaf on a low branch of a tree or a leaf on a high branch? Explain your answer.

Which has more gravitational potential energy, a small stone on the edge of a cliff or a giant boulder on the edge of the same cliff? Explain your answer.

Elastic Potential EnergyExplain how elastic potential energy is energy of shape.

What are some examples of objects with elastic potential energy?

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of your own example of an observed object with kinetic energy and an object with potential energy.

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Energy ConversionExplain how a diver coverts gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy?

How does the diver regain potential energy?

Conservation of EnergyEnergy is not used up when it changes _______________, although some energy may be used to overcome _______________, and this energy is usually given off as _______________.

Examples of Energy Conversions

Pick one of the diagrams above and explain how energy is converted in the example.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of your own example of an observed energy conversion.

Lesson Summary

Energy is the ability to do _______________. When _______________ is done, energy is _______________ from one object to another. Energy can exist in different _______________, such as _______________ and _______________ energy. Most forms of energy can be classified as _______________ or _______________ energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy of _______________ matter. Things with kinetic energy can do _______________. Kinetic energy depends on an object’s _______________ and _______________.

Potential energy is the energy _______________ in an object because of its _______________ or _______________. It includes _______________ potential energy and _______________ potential energy. Gravitational potential energy depends on and object’s _______________ and _______________ above the ground.

Energy _______________ occurs when energy changes from one type or form of energy to another. Energy often changes between _______________ and _______________ energy. Energy is always _______________ during energy conversions.

DR 1.2- Forms of Energy

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

Comparing Forms of EnergyThere are six forms of energy represented in the picture below. Next to each description below, write the type of energy observed. (You may want to come back to this after you have completed the reading guide and learned more about forms of energy.)

Guitarist gets energy to perform from _______________ energy in food.

Guitarist uses _______________ energy to pluck the strings.

The stage lights use _______________ energy to give off light.

The lights give off heat, or _______________ energy.

When the strings are plucked it produces _______________ energy.

Mechanical EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Chemical of EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Electrical EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Nuclear EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Thermal EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Electromagnetic EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

Sound EnergyDescribe this type of energy.

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example of this type of energy.

How Energy Changes Form

Energy can change from one form to another. Sometimes one form on energy can change into two or more different forms.

Look at the picture of the campfire below. The chemical energy in the logs changes into several different forms of energy. Explain how each form of energy listed below is demonstrated by the fire:

Thermal energy -

Electromagnetic energy –

Sound energy -

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example energy changing from one form to another.

Lesson Summary

Forms of energy include _______________, _______________, ______________, ______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________ energy.

Energy often changes from one _______________ to _______________. Any form of energy can _______________ into any other, and one form may change into _______________ or _______________ different forms. Energy is always _______________ when it changes form.

DR 1.3- Energy Resources

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

IntroductionWhat are some examples of ways energy is used?

The Need for EnergyEnergy is the ability to do _______________ or produce _______________.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

How does kicking a soccer ball demonstrate the law of conservation of energy?

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of an example demonstrating the law of conservation of energy.

Energy, Fuel, and HeatWhat is fuel?

Draw lines to match the fuel source on the left with the use on the right.

food computers, lights, and other household appliances

sunlight used to heat many homes

gasoline used by the sun in nuclear fusion reactions

hydrogen used by animals for movement and other processes

electricity allows for plants to make food by photosynthesis

oil used to power most cars and trucks

Types of Energy Resources

What is the difference between renewable energy resources and non-renewable energy resources?

Non-renewable ResourcesList examples of non-renewable resources:

Where do non-renewable resources come from?

What are some problems with using non-renewable resources?

Renewable ResourcesList examples of renewable resources:

What are some problems with using renewable resources?

Important Things to Consider about Energy ResourcesWhat are two important things to consider with renewable and non-renewable resources?

Lesson Summary

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy is neither _____________ or

_____________.

_______________ resources can be replaced at the rate they are being used.

_______________ resources are available in limited amounts or are being used faster than they can be replaced.

DR 2.1-Temperature and Heat

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

TemperatureWhat is the physics definition of temperature?

What can be said about the movement of the particles of a substance when the temperature is higher and the object feels warmer?

What can be said about the movement of the particles of a substance when the temperature is lower and the object feels cooler?

Temperature and Thermal EnergyWhat are the two factors that affect the amount of thermal energy in an object?

Which has more thermal energy? Circle your choices below

Measuring TemperatureAt what temperature does water freeze on the Celsius scale?

Swimming Pool: 27o C (80o F)

Swimming Pool: 27o C (80o F) Large Iceberg: -9o C (15o F)

OR

OR

OR

At what temperature does water boil on the Celsius scale?

How does a thermometer work?

HeatDefine heat.

How is thermal energy transferred between objects? Give an example.

Specific HeatWhat is specific heat?

Use colored pencils to draw sketches below of substances with low and high specific heat. NOTE: Use your own original examples, not ones from the flexbook.

low specific heat high specific heat

\

Lesson Summary

_______________ is the average _______________ energy of _______________ fn an object.

_______________ objects have faster particles and higher temperatures. If two objects have the

same mass, the objects with the _______________ temperature has the _______________ thermal

energy. Temperature is measured with a _______________.

_______________ is the transfer of _______________ energy between objects that have different

_______________. Thermal energy always moves from an object with a _______________

temperature to an object with a _______________ temperature. _______________ heat is the

amount of energy (in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 _______________ of a substance

1oC. Substances differ in their specific heat.

DR 2.2- Transfer of Thermal Energy

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

IntroductionHow does cooking over a campfire demonstrate transfer of thermal energy?

What are the three ways thermal energy can be transferred?_______________ _______________ _______________

ConductionDefine conduction:

How does thermal energy transfer between particles by conduction?

Examples of conduction are a metal pot heating water inside the pot, hands feeling cold while holding ice, and hair feeling warm after using a straightener. Use colored pencils to draw a sketch below of another example of the transfer or thermal energy by conduction.

Thermal Conductors

How does conduction rate compare between solids, liquids and gases?

Why are metals good conductors?

Thermal InsulatorsWhy are gases not good at transferring thermal energy?

What do we call materials that are poor thermal conductors?

Use green or red colored pencils to circle the objects below according to the key:Green – good conductor Red – good insulator

ConvectionDefine convection:

Explain how a convection current occurs in a pot of soup warming on the stove

Convection currents occur inside the Earth in molten rock, in ocean water, and in the atmosphere. Use the diagram below to explain why the wind changes direction after the sun goes down.

RadiationDefine radiation:

What are some examples of how radiation transfers thermal energy?

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch showing how the solar radiation warms the earth.

Lesson Summary _______________ is the transfer of thermal energy between _______________ of matter that are

touching. Thermal _______________ are materials that are good conductors of thermal _______________. Thermal _______________ are materials that are poor conductors of thermal _______________. Both _______________ and _______________ have important uses.

_______________ is the transfer of thermal energy by _______________ moving through a _______________. The particles transfer energy by moving from _______________ to _______________ areas. They move in loops called _______________ currents.

_______________ is the transfer of thermal energy by _______________ that can travel through empty space. When _______________ reach objects, they _______________ thermal energy to the objects. this is how the _______________ energy reaches and warms Earth.

Using Thermal Energy

7 th Grade Science Read the section in the flexbook and fill in this worksheet.

Heating SystemsWhat are the two most common types of home heating systems?

Hot-Water Heating SystemHow does a hot-water heating system work?

What are the two most common energy sources used to heat the water in a boiler?

What is the function of the radiator in each room of the house?

Describe each way thermal energy is transferred in a hot-water heating system:

conduction-

radiation-

convection-

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of a hot-water heating system in the space below.

Warm-Air Heating System

How does a warm-air heating system work?

What are the two most common energy sources to heat the air in a furnace?

Why are the warm-air vents placed near the floor of a warm-air heating system?

Use colored pencils to draw a sketch of a warm-air heating system in the space below.

NOTE: Skip the remaining parts of this section. Drop down to the summary.

Lesson Summary

Two common home heating systems are _______________ and _______________ heating

systems. They burn _______________ for thermal energy and _______________ the energy to

water or air. The heated water or air _______________ throughout the house, transferring

_______________ energy to the air in each room.