Energy Audits and Benchmarking...Energy Audits and Benchmarking ENERGY 101 Binh Nguyen, PE and Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP Amec Foster Wheeler and Sain Engineering Associates, Inc

Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida

Energy Audits and Benchmarking

ENERGY 101

Binh Nguyen, PE and Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED APAmec Foster Wheeler and Sain Engineering Associates, Inc.

August 15, 2017

Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

Speaker Biography

• Binh Nguyen, PE, CEM– Senior Energy Engineer– Lighting Design Group Leader

Career BSEE – University of Florida Licensed Professional Engineer (PE) – FL, GA, AL, MS Certified Energy Manager (CEM) – AEEHobbies “Internet of Things”- Smart Home, etc Cycling to work…only in fair conditions Sports – GO Gators!

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Overview

• What is an Energy Audit?• Benchmarking• Level I, II, III?

• Example Audit Findings

• LEED Audit Findings

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What is an Energy Audit?

• “Beyond simply identifying the sources of energy use, an energy audit seeks to prioritize the energy uses according to the greatest to least cost-effective opportunities for energy savings”…Wikipedia

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DetailLevel

SavingsIdentified

Cost

Audit Level Comparison

Level 0

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Types

• Level 0 – Benchmarking

• Level 1- Written recommendations, no calculations

• Level 2- Utility reconciliation, detailed calculations, sometimes modeling

• Level 3- Measurements, FS (non-retrofit)


Which Audit Do I Need?

• It is imperative that you define in a scope of work what you need!

• Asking for a Level 3 does not guarantee that you will have more projects identified

• Financial criteria?• Renewable generation?• Auditor skills?• Different buildings

require different skill sets

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Which Audit is Right For You?

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• Do you have funding for projects?• Financial criteria?• LEED Platinum? • EPA Energy Star?• Adds cost to the project if you do Level 1 and

then do a Level 2/3• Level 1 is good for efficient buildings but 90%

of US buildings are inefficient to begin with

LEED Gold Facility


Pre-Audit Checklist

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• 12 or 24 Months of Utility Data and Costs• Facility Size • Facility Address and Points of Contact• Scope of Audit Defined• Floorplan or Drawing Layout


Building Owners Beware

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Speaker Biography

• Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP

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President/COO Energy Consulting Firm

Services provided:• Energy Auditing• Building Commissioning • Identification and recommendation of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)• Strategy• Master Planning (Resiliency/Sustainability)

Primary clients: Department Defense/Federal, Education, Transportation, Industrial and Commercial entities

Interests: • Travel• Energy• Sports – ROLL TIDE ROLL!!


Benchmarking

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Mission – Vision – Values

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Man

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- Existing Building Energy Efficiency (O&M, LC/NC, Capital ECMs)

- Demand Response Programs

- Advanced Metering Infrastructure

- Energy Star Portfolio Manager

- ASHRAE/Energy Plus Benchmarking

- Efficient New Construction

Planning = Resiliency


Benchmarking – Assessing Energy Performance

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• Identify High Performing Facilities

• Prioritize Poor Performing Facilities

• Understand energy expenditures to operating costs

• Establishes a Roadmap for the beginning of Resiliency planning

• Develops a historical perspective and context for the future

• Establishes measurement and verification context


Benchmarking

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Critical Step to Energy Management

Develop a Baseline

Establishes a reference point for defining good energy performance

Allows the measurement of progress


Benchmarking

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Total Cost of Ownership


Benchmarking

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Benchmarking

• What is EUI? A calculated value based on the energy consumed by a building

The total building BTUs divided by the conditioned square footage

Generally building with the same use profile in the same weather climate will have similar EUI

Establishes a baseline of potential savings based on facts

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Energy Use Index (EUI)


Benchmarking

• Analyze Utilities Prior to Site Visit and Audit Allows auditor to understand where the energy is being used or

wasted Easier to find opportunities if you know where the usage is Gives a baseline snapshot of how well building performs compared to

others in the region

• Most Commercial Buildings Can Realize 20-30% Savings The opportunities for savings are out there Beware of audits that identify 60% or more savings Overstated savings are very common

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Utility Bill Benchmarking


Benchmarking

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ENERGY STAR GuidelinesFor Energy Management• Make Commitment• Assess Performance• Set Goals• Create Action Plan• Implement Plan• Evaluate Progress• Recognize Achievement


Benchmarking

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National Median

MGM Airport

Property Name MGM (ft²)

AnnualEnergyCost ($)

Energy Use IndexNational Median(kBtu/ft²/year)

Energy Use Index MGM

(kBtu/ft²/year)

PercentageAbove National

Median EUI

Montgomery Regional Airport (MGM) Energy Use

Index110,000 $441,430 27.1 170.2 628%


Benchmarking

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Benchmarking

WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME? • Energy Security / Resiliency • Potential Savings

– 15% - 30%

• Reduced Cost / Increased Revenue• Positive Productivity• Economic Powerhouse

– $20 mil invested; $78 mil generated

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Quick Recap

Energy Audit DefinitionIndustry Standard by ASHRAE

Pre Audit Checklists• Building Size• Utility Data• Site Contact

Energy Use IndexMeasuring Stick for Efficiency in a Portfolio

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Audit Levels

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Level 1: Walk Thru Findings

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• What’s wrong with this picture?

• Exterior lights on during the day.

• Repairing $50 photocell sensor can reduce 12 hours of runtime per day.

• Approximately $65 savings per year per light (@ $0.06/kWh)!!!



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• What’s wrong with this picture?

• Thermostat above copier

• No “Sleep” Mode on Copier

• 5-10 degrees warmer above thermostat

• Adds 2,000 hours a year of runtime to the HVAC system

• Solution: MOVE COPIER



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• Repairing steam traps can reduce wasted heat losses

• Bad door seals and lower door sweeps can increase infiltration especially in colder climates



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• Replacing old manual thermostats with programmable thermostat can better control HVAC to facility operating hours

• 11 Level 2 audits…guess how many had programmable thermostats with correct settings?

• 8 had programmable thermostats• 2 had correct times and dates• None had correct setpoints or

setbacks


Level 2: Calculate Carefully


Level 2: Findings with Calculations

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Is a Level 2 Audit Right for You?• Do you have funding for projects?

Provides costs and details to make best business decision

• Do you have financial criteria to satisfy? Generally provides a simple payback

• Most buildings in the US should start here

Rule of Thumb: Audit should pay for itself through identified energy savings within 3-6 months


Level 2 Energy Audit: Key Elements

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Executive SummaryEasy to Ready and ReviewWhere you are at and where you are going



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Energy Conservation Measures



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Energy and Cost Allocation Summary



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Equipment Inventory



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Equipment Inventory



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ECM DESCRIPTION AND FINANCIALS



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ECM CALCULATION METHODS



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ECM CALCULATION METHODS


Level 2: HVAC Maintenance

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Facility in Delray Beach had 12 feet of exposed refrigerant piping

Provide pipe wrap insulation to mitigate heat gainUp to 5% efficiency improvementAnnual Savings = $265Retrofit Cost = $25Simple Payback = 1 Month

Simple routine maintenance item


Level 2: EXIT Signs

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Four 30-watt Incandescent Exit Signs

Annual Energy Cost $105

Replace w/LED (3W) or retrofit kit

Replacement Cost = $320

Annual Savings = $95

Simple Payback = $320/$95 = 3.4 Years


Level 2: Vending Machines

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What Can We Do Here


Level 2: Vending Machines

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There are 4 refrigerated drink machinesThe lights and evaporator fans are always on and consume 200 watts in each machineCompressor is on 3,000 hours per year at 400 watts eachInstall Vending Miser: fan, lights, compressor run 2,000 hours per year

Annual Electric Savings =$700Lighting Savings: 5,400 kWhCompressor Savings: 1,600 kWhRetrofit Cost = $700 (4 misers)Simple Payback = 1 Year


Level 3: Simulation Models and Feasibility Study

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Is a Level 3 Audit Right for You?• Large Capital Projects with Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Provides investment grade cost estimates and financial analysis

• Energy Savings Calculations within +/-10% Calculations are modeled to simulate all system interactions

• Generally Expensive Due to Detailed Site Investigation, Analysis, and Level of Details


Level 3: Site Investigation

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Measurements



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Opening Up Equipment

• Packed Filters Don’t Fit• Poor Filter Causes Increase Dirt into Coils• Dirty Coils Block Flow and Increases Fan Energy



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• Missing Blank-off Plate on Filter Rack• No Filtration Increases Dirt into Coils• Frozen Evaporator Coil- Low Refrigerant and Lowered Efficiency



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• Make Sure ECMs Work with Your Facility Need to understand mission/business the building is in and make

recommendations that will not impact it. Projects should improve facility conditions not reduce facilities

productivity.

• Take All Building Systems into Account Buildings have many systems that interact with each other. Not accounting for impact of one recommendation with another

building system may negate energy savings

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• Audit Recommendations



• Most ECMs are Simple on Paper…. A summary of the energy savings scope should be included for each

recommendation with simple payback per ECM. Account for deferred maintenance cost savings of new equipment. Perform a Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of all alternatives. Installation costs needs to be realistic for that region or market and

included design and other costs for complicated projects. Contractors will not install correctly unless instructed specifically. Devil is in the details. Avoid installation pitfalls by involving energy auditor/firm with all

phases of project from design to commissioning.

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• Scope and Costs


LEED Buildings and Examples

Do LEED Buildings Really Save Energy?Things to Consider• LEED energy credits based on simulated performance• Some energy saving requirements are standard already• Credits related to daylighting or indoor air quality conflict with

potential savings• Getting more credits costs more capital than spending extra to

get premium efficiency equipment and controls

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Audit Results: Level 2 Audit

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Weed Army Community Hospital is a LEED Platinum, carbon-neutral hospital that will generate all of its energy needs from solar power and renewable energy systems.

Weed Army Community Hospital



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Naval Support Activity (NSA) Bethesda, MD, is a 243-acre Naval Medical Center Complex Base and host to more than 40 tenant commands and activities, including the largest medical complex in the Department of Defense, the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.

Recommendations Included:

Walter Reed National Medical Center

• Lighting Upgrades• Water Conservation/Upgrades• HVAC/HVAC Controls• Retrocommission

• Exhaust Air Optimization and Energy Recovery (ERX)

• Solar domestic hot water heating system to supplement existing DHW systems

• Demand Control/Ventilation

http://www.goarmy.com/amedd/health-care/facilities/walter-reed-army-medical-center.html

http://www.goarmy.com/amedd/health-care/facilities/walter-reed-army-medical-center.html



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LEED Gold Building

• Location: TN mountains High Efficiency Heat Pumps Auxiliary Gas Heat 16 SEER vs. EER

20% difference between the two ratings

12.8 EER for simulation model



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LEED Gold Building

• Heat Pump Condenser Coils Hail Damage Oxidation/Corrosion

12-15% loss in efficiency Overall 35% less than the LEED

Model 1 year after install



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LEED Gold Building

• What’s wrong with this picture? Daylighting LEED points Lighting points maximize

• Digital Control System

Lights on during day No daylight controls program Over 5,000 kWh savings missed



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LEED Gold BuildingWhat’s wrong with this picture, take 2?

R-value of walls was R-19 R-value of glazing is R-1

Predominantly a heating climate (at elevation of 2,500 ft)

No savings from daylighting and plenty of heat loss thru glazing



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LEED Gold BuildingLocation: Alaska

Fuel Oil Cost: $10/gallon Energy Cost: $0.54/kWh

End of the Ice Road Arctic Circle



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LEED Gold BuildingMuseum• Track Lighting

70-watt HID x 26 9 hours/day, 7 days/week

• Basement Lighting 13-watt CFL x 18 1 wall switch On 24/7



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LEED Gold BuildingMuseum• Spot Light

250-watt Halogen Motion Activated Indoors Now

• 70% possible energy reduction possible



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LEED Gold BuildingMuseum• Design Load

-50F in winter Triple-pane (R-5) glazing

• Modified Sun Room Double-pane (R-1) glazing Winter Darkness Computer room exhaust



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LEED Gold BuildingMuseum • Space Utilization

900 annual visitors 3 winter employees 3 HVAC zones

Consolidation into 1 zone can save 65% of winter energy consumption



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LEED Gold BuildingMuseum

• Solar PV Array Motorized tracking Summer sun doesn’t set No net meter

Give the utility grid free power during summer nights


Conclusion

Make It HappenImplement Projects

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• Audits Don’t Save Energy• Actions and Projects Do

So our grandchildren will be able to come see us!


Q&A and Comments

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Binh Nguyen, PE, CEMEnergy Project Engineer

Amec Foster Wheeler404 SW 140th TerraceGainesville, FL 32669

[email protected]

Brenda PhillipsPresident/COO

Sain Engineering Associates, Inc.2700 Corporate Parkway, Suite 230

[email protected] 909-4728

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Energy Audits and Benchmarking...Energy Audits and Benchmarking ENERGY 101 Binh Nguyen, PE and Brenda Phillips, AIA, LEED AP Amec Foster Wheeler and Sain Engineering Associates, Inc