Ministry of Education

Science and Technology

NationalRoundTableForum

“ENERGYACCESSIBILITY&EFFICIENCYINKENYA”

–Report–

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Project Enhancing Energy Accessibility & Efficiency through establishing sustainable STISupportNationalNetworkswitharegionaldimensioninEastAfrica

Acronym ENRICH

GrantNumber FED/2013/330-235

Project EastAfricanHigherEducationNetworkonSustainableandEnergyEfficientCampus

Development

Acronym SUCCEEDNetwork

GrantNumber FED/2013/320-274

TheENRICHProjectisco-financedbytheEuropeanCommissionontheframeworkoftheACP-EUCo-operationProgramme in Science and Technology (S&T II). SUCCEED Network is a project within the EDULINK IIProgramme: ACP-EU Higher Education Cooperation funded by the European Union. The ACP S&T II andEdulinkIIprogrammesareimplementedbytheACPGroupofStates.

ENRICHconsortium:EuropeanUnion:

• UniversityofAlicante,Spain(Coordinator)• GlasgowCaledonianUniversity,UnitedKingdom

EastAfrica:• AfricanVirtualUniversity,Kenya• MoiUniversity,Kenya• MzumbeUniversity,Tanzania• MakerereUniversity,Uganda• Inter-UniversityCouncilofEastAfrica,Uganda• DirectorateofResearchmanagement&Development,MinistryofEducation,ScienceandTechnology,

Kenya• TanzanianCommissionforScienceandTechnology,Tanzania• Ugandanationalcouncilforscienceandtechnology,Uganda

SUCCEEDNetworkconsortium:EuropeanUnion:

• UniversityofAlicante,Spain(Coordinator)EastAfrica:

• UniversitéduBurundi,Burundi• MoiUniversity,Kenya• UniversityofRwanda,Rwanda• MzumbeUniversity,Tanzania• MakerereUniversity,Uganda• Inter-UniversityCouncilofEastAfrica,Uganda

Contactinformation:ProjectcoordinatorInternationalProjectManagementOffice(OGPI)–UniversityofAlicanteE-mail:project.management@ua.esENRICHProjectWebsite:www.enrich-project.eu

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SUCCEEDNetworkProjectwebsite:www.project-succeed.eu

Acknowledgments:Tothededicatedstaffinthepartnerinstitutionswhoaretrulyinvestedinthesuccessofthisproject;aswellastotheEuropeanCommissionforsupportingandfundingthisprojectthroughtheACPS&TandACP/Edulinkprogrammes.Tothe localorganisers inNairobi for theirsupport in theorganisationof thisevent, inparticularProf.LoiceMaru,DirectorofMoiUniversityNairobiCampus,andherteam.

LegalNoticeThepresentdocumentwasdevelopedandeditedbythepartnerinstitutionsoftheACPS&TandACP/EdulinkProjects ENRICH ‘Enhancing Energy Accessibility & Efficiency through establishing sustainable STI SupportNational Networks with a regional dimension in East Africa’ and SUCCEED Network ‘East African HigherEducationNetwork on Sustainable and Energy Efficient Campus Development’, under the coordination of theUniversityofAlicante(Spain).The results, views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and the EuropeanCommissioncannotbeheldresponsibleforanyusewhichmaybemadeoftheinformationcontainedtherein.AllcontentsgeneratedbytheENRICHandSUCCEEDNetworkprojectsareprotectedby intellectualpropertylaws,inparticularcopyright.Thereproductionanddistribution,withnon-commercialpurposes,inwholeorinpart,inanyformorbyanymeans(includingInternet)oftheinformationcontainedinthisReportisallowed,withavisibleindicationof:

• Nameof theprojects (SUCCEEDNetwork ‘EastAfricanHigherEducationNetworkonSustainableandEnergy Efficient Campus Development’ Project Ref. Number FED/2013/320-274) and (ENRICH,‘Enhancing Energy Accessibility & Efficiency through establishing sustainable STI Support NationalNetworkswitharegionaldimensioninEastAfrica’ProjectRef.NumberFED/2013/330-235)

• Title(NationalRoundTableForum“ENERGYACCESSIBILITY&EFFICIENCYINKENYA”Report)• ThepresentdocumenthasbeenproducedwiththefinancialsupportoftheACP/EdulinkProgramme

oftheEuropeanCommission.

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CONTENTS

FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................5ENRICH............................................................................................................................................................5SUCCEEDNetwork.....................................................................................................................................5

OBJECTIVESOFTHENATIONALROUNDTABLE..........................................................................6

PARTICIPANTS..........................................................................................................................6

ROUNDTABLE..........................................................................................................................9DISCUSSIONPOINTS:‘STISUPPORTSERVICESONENERGYACCESSANDEFFICIENCYANDREALNEEDSINKENYA’.............................................................................................................................9DISCUSSIONPOINTS:‘CONTRIBUTIONOFHIGHEREDUCATIONSYSTEMTOSOLVEISSUESINTHEFIELDOFENERGYAFFECTINGNATIONALSTAKEHOLDERSINKENYA’.........12

CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................17

ANNEXES.................................................................................................................................18

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FOREWORD

Energydeficitandenergypovertyhavebecomeamajorobstacletogrowthanddevelopmentin Eastern Africa. One of the major energy issues is price volatility and energy security.EasternAfricasuffers fromhighprices in theenergymarketandshrinkingnaturalenergyresources.RestrictedaccesstoenergyresourcesishamperingtheEastAfricanregionfromsustainabledevelopment.Despitetheenergyemergencyintheregion,supportfromresearchinstitutesandacademiaisinadequatetoaddressthissituation.However,atthepolicylevel,variouscountrieshavestressed the importance of energy access and quality research and innovations.Unfortunately,thereisamismatchbetweenpolicies,politicaldecisionsandsocietalneeds.

ENRICH

LaunchedinFebruary2014,thethree-yearprojectENRICHisanACPS&Tproject(contractnumberFED/2013/330-235)fundedbytheEuropeanCommission,whichaimstopromotequality science, technology and innovation (STI) support services in Kenya, Tanzania andUganda,andstrengthenco-operationlinksintheenergysectoratnationalandregionallevelamong academia, researchers, industries and policymakers. Regional co-operation in theenergyandenvironmentsectorsinEastAfricancountrieswillbepromotedbyestablishingthreenationalnetworkstosupportSTIandaregionalportalwithadatabaseofexperts.Thisinfrastructurewill foster regionaldialogue improving the flowof communicationbetweenthe levels of policy and operation. Managers and researchers will be trained in crucialaspects of innovation management and will replicate these trainings through nationalsupportnetworks.Collaborationanddialoguewithpolicymakerswilltakeplaceatnational(roundtables)andregional(supranationalconferences)level.

SUCCEEDNetwork

Launched in October 2013, the three-year project SUCCEED Network is an ACP/Edulinkproject(contractnumberFED/2013/320-274)fundedbytheEuropeanCommission,whichaimstopromoteEastAfricanuniversitycampusesas“livinglaboratories”forsustainabilityand energy efficiency, in particular by establishing a sustainable campus developmentplatformtofostercollaborativelearningandactionforenergyaccessandefficiency,withtheideaofcontributingtosolvetheproblemsdescribedabove.Theprojectwilldothisviaasetofactivitieswiththeobjectiveofimprovinginstitutional,academicandcooperationbuildingwhich should result in a stronger institutional background, an enriched academic offer inrenewable energy and energy efficiency, and an increased attractiveness for relevantstakeholdersinordertoestablishnewcooperationschemesinthefieldofenergy.

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OBJECTIVESOFTHENATIONALROUNDTABLE

TheNational RoundTable Forum “Energyaccessibility&efficiency inKenya” was held onMay3rd2016attheNairobiCampusofMoiUniversity.ItwasorganisedintheframeworkoftheENRICH&SucceedNetworkACPS&TandACP/Edulinkprojects.Theaimof theeventwas tobring together themainstakeholders in the fieldofenergy inKenya (includinghighermanagementand researchers fromHigherEducation Institutions,research&projectmanagers,policymakers,managers fromenergy industries,experts) toexchangeideasanddiscussenergyissuesatanationallevelinKenya.ThespecificobjectivesoftheNationalRoundTablewereto:

• DiscussproblemsandissuesinthefieldofEnergyaffectingNationalStakeholders,withtheideaofidentifyingwheretheHigherEducationSystemcouldcontributewithspecificservices/input.

• EnhanceawarenessoftherealneedsofScience,TechnologyandInnovation(STI)relatedtoenergyaccessandefficiencyinKenya.

• Encourage dialogue and strengthen co-operation links in the energy sector at nationallevelamongacademia,researchers,industriesandpolicymakers.

• PresenttheENRICH&SucceedNetworkprojectsandtheirdevelopments.

PARTICIPANTS

The National Round Table brought together several relevant stakeholders in the field ofEnergyinKenya,including:

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Institution Name Role

AfricanVirtualUniversity

MrMathiasGoldstein BusinessDevelopmentManager

DrAtienoAdala ManagerResearch&Development

MrTomOjwang Researcher

MOIUniversity

Prof.RichardK.Mibey ViceChancellorProf.AnneK.Nangulu Professor/ProjectCoordinator

DrEdwinAtaro AssociateProfessor/Researcher

Dr.JaminMasindeMasasabi AssociateProfessor/Researcher

Prof.(Eng.)S.SimiyuSitati,PhD AssociateProfessor/Researcher,Dean,SchoolofEngineering

Prof.LoiceMaru DirectorNairobiCampus

MrNicodemusTuiyot SeniorAssistantRegistrarMs.PetronilaChepkwony SeniorAdministrativeAssistant

Mr.BernardOmbati ICTTechnician

Ms.FaithNdathe SecretaryMr.RaymondKandie TransportDepartment

Mr.ChrisOkech PersonalAssistant,ViceChancellor'sOffice

DirectorateofResearchManagement&Development,

MinistryofEducation,ScienceandTechnology

Dr.GeorgeAnthonyOmbakho DirectorofResearchManagementandDevelopment

Dr.EricMwangi DeputyDirectorResearch

MrJacobKamwariaNjagih AssistantDirectorResearch

EnergyRegulatoryCommission

Eng.TomSimiyu TechnicalOfficer

Mr.RobertPavelOimeki Director,RenewableEnergyTechnicalUniversity

ofKenyaProf.PaulBaki PhysicsDepartment

ConsumerTrendsLtd.Mr.JosephWambuki HeadofResearchandBusiness

advisoryteams

Mr.GodfreyAkumaliLeaderoftheDevelopmentResearchteam

JomoKenyattaUniversityofAgricultureand

TechnologyDr.MargaretWachuGichuhi

ResearchFellow/LecturerInstituteofEnergyandEnvironmentalTechnology

NationalCommissionforScience,Technologyand

InnovationDr.DavidOtwoma HeadofPhysical,Industrialand

EnergySchedule

These were joined by non-Kenyan partners from the ENRICH and SUCCEED Networkprojects:

Institution Country Name Role

UniversityofAlicante Spain Dr.RobertoEscarré DirectorofInternationalProjectManagementOffice

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MsNoeliaLópezSeniorProjectManager,InternationalProjectManagementOffice

MsCristinaBeansSeniorProjectManager,InternationalProjectManagementOffice

GlasgowCaledonianUniversity

UnitedKingdom

MrPabloLópezAlonso EuropeanProjectsManagerMsRoseCawood EuropeanProjectsManager

MzumbeUniversity TanzaniaDr.JosephJ.Sungau CoordinatorandResearcher

Dr.AthanasA.Ngalawa HeadofCentreforRuralDevelopmentandLecturer

MakerereUniversity Uganda

Dr.GeraldEilu

AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofForestry,Biodiversity&Tourism,SchoolofForestry,EnvironmentalandGeographicalSciences

Dr.FlorenceNakayiwa DirectorofthePlanningandDevelopmentDepartment

UgandaNationalCouncilforScienceand

TechnologyUganda Dr.DeborahKasule

Head,ScienceandTechnologyOutreach&InformationManagementUnit

UniversityofRwanda Rwanda Prof.BonfilsSafari DirectorofAcademicQuality

UniversitéduBurundi Burundi Dr.PierreCélestinKarangwa Professor/Researcher

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ROUNDTABLE

DISCUSSIONPOINTS:‘STISUPPORTSERVICESONENERGYACCESSANDEFFICIENCYANDREALNEEDSINKENYA’

Moderator:Prof.Eng.SimiyuSitati–Dean,SchoolofEngineering,MOIUNIVERSITY,KENYAPanellists:

1. Dr. David Otwoma – Chief Science Secretary National Commission For ScienceTechnology and Innovation, Kenya, with a background in nuclear energy, energyschedule, training energy models, distribution, marketing dispatch, access andaffordability.

2. Mr. JosephWambuki – Head of Research and Business advisory teams, ConsumerTrendsLtd.,Kenya,representingtheprivatesector.

3. Eng.TomSimiyu–TechnicalOfficer,EnergyRegulatoryCommission,Kenya4. Dr.MargaretGichuhi –Researcher and lecturer in environmentalmanagement and

climatechangeatInstituteofEnergyandEnvironmentalTechnology,JomoKenyattaUniversityofAgricultureandTechnology,Kenya.

The Round Table discussion was initiated by each of the panellists presenting thecontributions of their institutions in the field of Energy and providing initial discussionpoints.ThecontributionswerefollowedbyaQ&AdiscussionsessionledbytheModerator.

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Dr.DavidOtwomapresentedtheNationalCommissionforScienceTechnologyInnovation(formedin2013bytheScience,TechnologyandInnovationAct)whoseroleistoadvisetheGovernment. The Commission also provides funds for research, masters, PhDs, researchchair(5years).OtheractivitiesincludesupervisingtheKenyanGeneratingCompany,KenyaPower(distributer),KenyanRegulatingCommission,RuralElectrificationEntity.ThemainsourcesofenergyinKenyaaregeothermal,petroleum,solarandhydro(problematicduetopatchyrainfall).Theyhavedeveloppedthe2009-2029LeastCostPowerDevelopmentPlanwhichlaysoutthebestwaytodevelopaffordableenergy.Forthiseconomicalfactorsmustbe considered carefully in order to align business, government and lower cost generationfacilities.InadditionDr.Otwomamentionedtheneedformarketerstobuyelectricityatoff-peaktimes.Mr. Joseph Wambuki stated that there needs to be more assistance to entrepreneursentering the energy market as the private sector plays a big part in Kenyan economy.According toMr.Wambuki therearesixkeyconsiderations forHEIsandPolicymakers totakeintoaccount:

1. Motivating entrepreneurs who are involved in distribution so they can furtherdeveloptheircapacities.

2. LackofFundingisabigissueforentrepreneurs.3. PolicyonRenewableEnergytarifsrelief(taxbreaks)needstobedeveloped.4. Universities need to engage more with the private sector through Technology

Transfersystemsinordertodeveloprenewableenergytechnologies(i.e.creationofspin-offs) and to help entrepreneurs feel like they share in a part of universityknowledge.

5. Standards:Asthetechnologyisdevelopped,thereneedtobemechanismstoensureendconsumersthattheyareobtaininggoodqualityproductsamdnotcounterfeits(afrequentprobleminKenyawithsolarpanelsandbiogastanks).

6. Awarenessisessentialfortheprivatesectortobeabletointeractwiththepeopleandfor end consumers to be aware of standards and technology available. Importantchannelstoraisethisawarenesscouldberadiobroadcastandwomen’scommunitygroupsornetworks.

Eng. Tom Simiyu presented the role of the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) in theElectricPowerSupplySystem(apowerpointpresentationisavailableintheannexes).TheERC is a single sector regulatory agency responsible for the economic and technicalregulation of electric power, renewable energy and downstream petroleum sub-sectors,whosetasksincludesettingandreviewingtariffs,issuinglicencesandpermits,enforcementofcompliances,resolutionofcomplaintsanddisputesandapprovalofpowerpurchaseandnetworkservicecontractsaswellasprovidingindicativenationalenergyplanning.

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Eng. Simiyu underlined the importance of a high quality electricity supply for socio-economic development, which is only possible when all segments of the value chain(generation, transmission, distribution, retail supply) are well designed, constructed,operated and maintained. For this the equipment used must be of high quality and theworkmanshipofhighstandards,withregulartestsdoneoftheinstallations.Withregardstothis Higher Education Institutions must teach their students the importance of goodpracticesandqualityworksotheywillbebetterpreparedtoworkatthesehighstandardsoncetheyentertheworkforce.At the moment connectivity to the national electric grid in Kenya stands at 45%, butaccessibilityisonlyat25%.ThesenumbersarearesultofthechallengespresentinKenya,whichinclude:

1. Lackofperformanceofrequisitetestsofinstallations2. Useofsubstandardmaterialsandpoorworkmanship3. Difficultyindistinguishinggenuinematerialsfromcounterfeits4. Non-compliancewithsafetystandards5. Ignoranceofrelevantstandards,statutesandregulations6. Highsystempowerlosses(>20%)7. HighnumberofHV/MV/LVbreakdowns8. Stagnantloadgrowth

TheKenyangovernment’sobjective is tohave70%of connectivityby2017anduniversalaccessby2020.Dr.MargaretGichuhistatedthattheInstituteofEnergyandEnvironmentalTechnologyinJomo Kenyatta University offers energy courses in a range of study programmes, and isworking to emphasise energy more in their various degrees, particularly in theirEnvironmental Impact Assessment programme and with regards to applications inAgriculture.Studentsareaskedtodeveloptechnology(prototypes)inKenya.Duringthediscussionsessionthefollowingpointsweremade:

• DisconnectbetweenHEIsandsocietalneeds:o HEI graduates do not have sufficient practical training,when they enter the

labourmarket they are “mini-Academics”who only consider the theoreticalframework as the final solution instead of looking closely at the problem athandinordertofindabettersolution.

o HEIsshouldensureEnergyeducation ismulti-disciplinaryandnot limitedtoscientists and engineers (be provided to all degree students among the“generalknowledge”courses).

• MorecooperationandnetworkingneededbetweenHEIsandprivatesector:o The private sector andHEIs need to cooperatemore to providemeaningful

internships for students and graduates so they can have “hands-on”

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experienceandbebetteradaptedtotheworkplace.Atthemomenttheprivatesectordoesn’tfacilitatethisbecausetheydonotunderstandhowitcouldbeofanyuseforthem.

o HEIs could cooperate more in National Networks (sharing educationalmaterialsonline,researchcooperationetc.).

• Researchneeds:o It is important for researchers to distinguish between fundamental and

appliedresearch,andtodevelopmoreofthelatter.o Researchers need access to data (from government and private sector) for

research.• RegardingthesourcesofenergyinKenya,geothermalwillalwaysbereliablewhereas

hydroandsolardependontheweather.

DISCUSSIONPOINTS:‘CONTRIBUTIONOFHIGHEREDUCATIONSYSTEMTOSOLVEISSUESINTHEFIELDOFENERGYAFFECTINGNATIONALSTAKEHOLDERSINKENYA’

Moderator: Dr. George Ombakho – Director of Research Management and Development,MinistryofEducationScienceandTechnology,KenyaPanellists:

1. Dr.DeborahKasule–UgandaNationalCouncilforScienceandTechnology,involvedinS&Tpolicy,performancementoringandresearchsupport.

2. Prof.PaulBaki–PhysicsDepartment,TechnicalUniversityofKenya3. Dr. Eric Mwangi – Deputy Director Research, Ministry of Education, Science and

TechnologyofKenya

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4. Mr.GodfreyAkumali–LeaderoftheDevelopmentResearchteam,ConsumerTrendsLtd.,Kenya

5. Mr. Robert Pavel Oimeki – Director, Renewable Energy Energy RegulatoryCommission,Kenya

Dr. Deborah Kasule stated that an important challenge to overcome is the generalmismatchofsociety’sneedsandpolicy.RegardingtheroleofHigherEducationInstitutions,shesaysitisimportantthattheareasofResearch & Innovation help bring benefits to society, for example by providing goodresearchinCentresofExcellenceorTechnologyIncubators.ShesaidthattheprimaringroleofHEIs is trainingandcapacitybuilding,butnot justofHEI studentsduringofficial studyprogrammes, also by providing shorter courses (i.e. on entrepreneurship) and helping tomaintain and improve the capacities of workers in the private sector (provide lifelonglearningopportunities).ForthisHEIsneedtodevelopacooperationschemewiththeprivatesectorincludingjointprojects,consultanciesrelatedtoenergyandformalnetworks.Dr.EricMwangidiscussedtheneedtoencouragedialogueandstrengthencooperationlinksintheenergysector.Withthisinmind,theEastAfricaEnergyAccessandEfficiencyNetwork(EAENet)needstoclearlysetitsobjectivesandpriorities,establishajointprogrammingandjoint funding scheme in order to be sustainable and create ownership. Furthermore,partnershipshouldbeatregional,nationalandbi-regional(EU-Africa)level.EAENetshouldcreate new ideas, include capacity building actions and mobilities as well as develop anetworkofexcellence. Itshouldn’tbe limitedtoonepartnershiponenergy,butshouldsettheframeworkforcross-cuttingtopics.Dr.MwangialsomentionedthatitisimportanttoconsiderwhatEnergycandoforsocietyintermsof development and resilience, and that it is important toobtain funding to furtherdevelop energy projects and networks. Philanthropic bodies, development banks andregional programmes can fund good research, however there is a need to look foropportunities. In addition, he discussed the FP7 CAAST-Net project which is building bi-regionalpartnershipsforGlobalChallenges,involving25partnersintheEUandAfrica,andstressingtheimportanceofdeveloppinglinksbetweenHEIsandindustry.Thesecondphaseof this co-fundproject isbeingdevelopped,and therewillbe fundingopportunitiesundertheH2020ACPcallslaunchedinearly2017opentomembersofERA-Net.Prof.PaulBakiremindedtheparticipantsthatmostresearchresultsdonotreachthepublicas it isonlypublishedinscientific journalswithnooneto“translate” it forthe layperson.Thisresults inadisconnectbetweenHEIsandthepublicwhocouldbeanend-userofthisnewly-createdknowledge.HEIs could contribute through to energy issues in the area of training for technicians,engineers,managersetcwhoworkinenergy.HEIsalsoneedtoengagewithpolicymakersas

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policiesmusthaveabasisinempiricalinformation,attentionneedstobegiveninordertomake a difference, if Kenya aims to be a middle income country in the near future. HEIresearchershavethe libertyof timetodoresearch(somethingnotavailable intheprivatesector),butthisisnottransmittedtotheprivatesectoroftenduetotrustissues:thereisamistrustofacademicinstitutionsinprivatesectoranddialogueneededtoovercomethis.Inaddition,infrastructuresandfacilitesfordoingresearchareneededandacallwithprioritiesto be addressed. Multisectorial collaboration and interdisciplinary research should beforeseen,withthesupportofgovernmentandtheproperpolicyinstruments(atriplehelixapproach),asthescienceoftodaycouldbethetechnologyoftomorrow.Mr. Godfrey Akumali stated that universities are currently producing graduates in eacharea,includingengineeringwhichinvolvestechnicalandsocialaspects.Universitiesmustbebetterinformedoftherealneedsofconsumers(employers)andhelpfocustheattemptstoaddresstheseneeds.Inter-disciplinarycoursesareneededsothatenergybecomesasharedcommon cause. Furthermore, continuous capacity building for young people withinnovative ideas isneeded, followedbyan incubationphaseso the ideascanmeetmarketneeds.Technicalexpertiseshouldalsobeprovidedinorderfortheproducttobetechnicallyacceptable.Mr. Akumali also reminded that over 50% of the population in Kenya still lives below adollar a day, so uptake is low for solutions. Affordability must therefore be a key issueconsidered when developping new technology. For example in Kenya cooking is a majorissue,whichwillbeamplifiedwiththefuturegrowthofthepopulationinthecountry.Mr.RobertPavelOimekipresentedsomekeyareasoftheERCsuchasrenewableenergyand energy efficiency, metering, regulation of pricing, technical standards of operation,maintainingenergydata,statisticstothegovernment.Hestatedthatthehighestproportionof energy inKenya comes fromgeothermal,hydro, thendiesel, and that it is important toproperlymanagethedemandsideofenerg(includingregulationsandqualitymanagement).Withregardstoqualityhenotedtheimportanceoflabellingandmanufactureorimportingofhigh-qualityproducts(andnot thehigh-energyconsumingappliancesKenyareceivesatthistime).Additionally, at themomentKenyadoes not have anEnergy research institute, or Energyresearch labs or any support for the creation of spin-offs. Support therefore needs to beprovided to researchers and entrepreneurs, through the creation of an engineeringhub/centre,geared towards innovation.Thiswouldsupport ideas to thepointwhere theycouldgotomarket.Duringthediscussionsessionthefollowingpointsweremade:

• HEIscampusesas“livinglabs”:

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o HEIcampusesshoulddevelopandsharetheirbestpracticesandeducationalmaterials inthefieldofEnergytohelpeachotherdevelopfurther(followingthemodeloftheSUCCEEDNetwork).

o HEIcampusespresentexcellentconditions toestablish themselvesas “livinglabs” to promote new ideas, particularly in the field of energy use andefficiency. Considering the high percentage of an HEI’s budget dedicated toenergyconsumption,theyshouldbethefirstinterestedinsettingupunitstostudyhowtoimprovethis(i.e.doingEnergyAudits).

• Technologytransferandinnovation:o TechnologytransfersystemsshouldbeinplacebetweenHEIsandtheprivate

sectorinordertoefficientlyutiliseresearchoutputs.o Aninnovationhubwouldhavetohavesufficientfundingtoinvolveuniversity

labs,andinvestmenttoreachtheproductstage.o Ideally a country should have centres of excellence, incubators, good

standardsandprogrammesfundedtodeveloptechnology.• Networks

o Any Network established should have clear and relevant objectives andactivities,inordertoattractandincreaseanactivemembership.

• Linkswithsocietyo HEIsmust develop and strengthen relationshipswith society. This could be

doneinpartbymaintaininglinkswiththeirAlumniaftertheygraduate.HEIscouldalsobringinindustrialexpertstoteachstudents,aswellasdevelopthecurriculumwiththeinvolvementofthepublic/privatesector.

o Capacitybuildingisalsoneededatuser-levelandforsmallbusinesses,usingamultidsiciplinary approach. This is available up to a certain point in someHEIs,butitisnotenoughandoftennotrelevantbasedonsocietalneeds.

o Privatesectorviabilityisthebestthingthatcanoccurastheyarerelevanttothemarketandcommunity.

• Energyuseandmanagemento RegardingenergyuseinKenya,thereisahighdegreeofEnergypovertyand

theobjectiveistoreacharateofconnectionsinruralcommunitiesofaround90%. People use biomass for energy purposes, solarwater heating is beingenforced,solarPVregulationhasdonewell.

o Energy management has achieved some things but it is in the process oftransition,asagovernmenttheywanttoencouragepeopletolivesustainably,wanttocreateanenergymanagementcourse;pilotingthecoursewouldbeagoodidea.

o HEIscanleadthewayintacklingtheEnergychallenges.o Efficiency, affordability and commercialisation are harder as it takes a long

timebeforeitcantakeoffoutsideofasmallgeographicalarea,andexamplesareneededaswelltolearnfrom.

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CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS

Participants in the Roundtable, involving government, private businesses and highereducation, provided a good diagnosis of the Energy Sector in Kenya. Discussions onconnectivity,access to ruralareas, theenergymixor therelationbetweenenergyand theeconomicgrowthwereconsideredinthepresentations&discussions.TheRoundTablealsoshowedthatthereiscurrentlylittleinteractionbetweenthehighereducationsystem,theprivatesectorandthegovernment.Althoughthereisavisiononthe importance of having a fluid relationship between those actors, there is almost noimplementationatthistime.Astohowuniversitiesmaycontributetoincreasingthisrelationship,universitieshavehuman capital, research disciplines & infrastructure needed for research. They couldcontribute with Studies and Research to start the Innovation process and bring appliedresearchtoendusersbycollaboratingwithenterpriseswhowillhaveidentifiedtherelevantissues to target. Enterprises (and also government)usuallydonothave either thehumancapital for research nor infrastructure or time to develop that. In order to work on thisuniversitiesshould:

1) Adapt/update their curricula (=increasing the employability of their graduates byidentifyingtheemploymentsector’srealneeds;increaseinterdisciplinarity);

2) Improvetheirresearch(=moreappliedandlessbasicresearch);3) Improve their Technology Transfer Offices (=provide specific services for

enterprises)BoththeENRICH&SUCCEEDNetworkprojectshaveactivitiesinthisframework.

- Example 1: SUCCEED Network universities should organise FundraisingworkshopsforlocalactorsandprovideEnergyAuditsservicetoenterprises:

- Example 2: ENRICH is promoting Technology Transfer between universitiesandlocalstakeholders

Fundingisneededtoincreasethescopeofbothprojects,butithasbeenshownthatthereisfundingavailableatanationalandinternationallevelforgoodideas.FurtherRoundTablesshouldbeorganisedasagoodpracticeasthey:

- Involve relevant stakeholders (although thenumberofparticipantsneeds tobeincreasedcomparedtothepresentevent);

- Provide good logistics & infrastructure facilitating the meeting of saidstakeholders;

- Stimulate relevant discussions which may bring good ideas for projects,policies,otheractivitiesetc.

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ANNEXES

Thefollowingannexescanbedownloadedat:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/32nm6lo7kqxd175/AADCO8hKgIA1FLBKjIsptRmXa?dl=0

• Agenda• PowerPointPresentations

a. 01_Kenya_NNRTF_Intro_Escarre_3.5.2016b. 02_ENRICH_ProjectOverview_NationalRTKenya_NLUAc. 03_ProjectSUCCEEDNetworkOverview_CBd. 04_CAASTNet-PlusPresentation_EMDRMDe. 05_PrivateSectorInsightonEfficientEnergyAccessf. 06_ElectricPowerSupplySystem-ERCg. 07_h. 08_Kenya_NRTF_Conclusions_Escarre_3.5.2016