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ENERGY ACCESS &RENEWABLE ENERGY
Factsheet
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 1 | FACTSHEET
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 2 | FACTSHEET
Energy poverty in India
Access to electricity
A significant number of Indian households continue to rely on kerosene for lighting. Although the electricity grid has reached a large part of the country, supply is stillunreliable and of poor quality. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam consume more than50 per cent of the total kerosene used for lighting in the country.
Sources of basic lighting in India
Source: Census of India, 2011
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 3 | FACTSHEET
Electricity
Kerosene31.43
67.25
No lighting0.47
Biomass, wood0.20Other oils
0.20Solar
0.44
Figures in percentage
Energy poverty in India Share of households using electricity and kerosene for lighting
IndiaJammu & KashmirHImachal Pradesh
PunjabChandigarh
UttarakhandHaryana
NCT of DelhiRajasthan
Uttar PradeshBihar
SikkimArunachal Pradesh
NagalandManipurMizoram
TripuraMeghalaya
AssamWest Bengal
JharkhandOdisha
ChhattisgarhMadhya Pradesh
GujaratDaman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar HaveliMaharashtra
Andhra PradeshKarnataka
GoaLakshadweep
KeralaTamil NaduPuducherry
A&N Islands
Electricity
Kerosene
Lack of access to electricity is a chronic problem in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Odisha andJharkhand. Half the households in these states are yet to be connected to the grid.
Source: Census of India, 2011
0 20 40 60 80 100Percentage
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 4 | FACTSHEET
The states with least access to grid power, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, along with West Bengal, are thelargest users of decentralised solar applications for lighting. When the grid power has not reached a largenumber of households, there is a clear demand for decentralised renewable energy solutions.
States using decentralised solar for their lighting needs
Source: Census of India, 2011
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 5 | FACTSHEET
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000
A&N IslandsPuducherryTamil Nadu
KeralaLakshadweep
GoaKarnataka
Andhra PradeshMaharashtra
Dadra & Nagar HaveliDaman & Diu
GujaratMadhya Pradesh
ChhattisgarhOdisha
JharkhandWest Bengal
AssamMeghalaya
TripuraMizoramManipur
NagalandArunachal Pradesh
SikkimBihar
Uttar PradeshRajasthan
NCT of DelhiHaryana
UttarakhandChandigarh
PunjabHImachal PradeshJammu & Kashmir
Number of households
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 6 | FACTSHEET
Energy poverty in India
The burning question
Sixty six years since independence, nearly 700 million people in India depend on firewoodfor cooking using traditional cookstoves. India has a long way to go before every household has access to clean cooking fuel.
Households in India using various sources of cooking fuel
Source: Census of India, 2011
Any other0.49
Biogas0.41
Electricity0.10
Figures in percentage
Firewood
49.14
LPG28.64
Crop residue
8.88
Kerosene2.91
Coal,Lignite,Charcoal1.45
Cowdung cake7.97
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 7 | FACTSHEET
Cooking fuel use in urban and rural households in India
Urban India burns fossil fuel subsidies, while rural India burns biomass. The use of firewood on traditional cookstoves is prevalent in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Source: Census of India, 2011
Rural Urban
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
68
42
62.5
20.1
12.3
1.4
10.9
1.7 0.82.9
7.5
0.7
11.4
65
0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5
No cooking
Total Firewood Cropresidue
Coal,Lignite,Charcoal
LPG ElectricityCowdungcake
Kerosene Biogas Anyother
0.1 0.4
Figures in percentage
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 8 | FACTSHEET
Wind power
30,178.90
2,208.36
99.08
2,512.881,285.60
3,774.15
20,298.83
Current renewable energy achievements
Total Solar power Waste-to-energy
Biogas cogeneration
Biomass power& gasification
Small hydropower
The focus of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy policies has shifted from smalloff-grid systems to grid-connected renewable energy. This is visible from the fact that renewable energy has grown from almost 20,000 MW in March 2011 to 30,000 MW inJanuary 2014 — a growth of 50 per cent in less than three years.
Grid-interactive power
Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 9 | FACTSHEET
973.13
0 10.18
159.77
2.18
146.40
17.63
517.34
119.63
Off-grid/captive power
Total Biogasbased energy system
Watermills/micro hydel
Aero-genrators/
hybrid systems
Biomassgasifiers
(industrial)
SPV systems
Biomassgasifiers(rural)
Biomass (non-bagase)cogenerration
Waste-to- energy
Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy
Off-grid achievements have been more or less contributed by industrial units for captivepower generation. Bagasse-based cogeneration and industrial biomass gasifiers are themajor contributors.
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 10 | FACTSHEET
14,6
60.8
1
12,2
30.0
0
939.
74
50.0
0 1,36
9.70
1,20
0.00
46.2
0
80.0
0
626.
0050
0.00 1,41
9.17
1,40
0.00
10,2
60.0
0
Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)
9,00
0.00
11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
Capacity addition through grid-interactive renewable power
Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy
11th Five-Year Plan should be considered a success by any standards for renewable energy.The cost of generation of renewable energy came down significantly during this period.
Solar powerTotal Bagasse cogeneration
Waste-to-energy
Biomasspower
Small hydropower
Wind power
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 11 | FACTSHEET
Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017), Economic Sectors - Volume II
532.
75
401.
75
46.6
4
20.0
0
1.14
1.75
63.2
3
67.0
0
336.
59
255.
00
85.1
5
58.0
0
Capacity addition through off-grid interactive renewable power
Total
Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)
SPV systems
Aero-generators/hybrid system
Gasifier Non-bagasse cogeneration
Waste-to-energy(urban+indistrial)
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 12 | FACTSHEET
Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017), Economic Sectors - Volume II
12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
Targets for renewable energy for the 12th plan
In addition to continuing existing policies for development of renewable energy, several new measures have been identified to accelerate the pace of deployment in the country.
Grid-interactive Renewable Power(MW)Grid Interactive SolarGrid Connected WindOther Renewable SourcesTotal
Off-grid/Distributed Renewable Power (MWe)Cogeneration from bagasseSolar Off-Grid ApplicationsWaste to EnergyBio Gas Based Decentralised PowerOthers (Biomass Gasifiers, Micro-hydel)Total
Renewables for Rural applications (Cooking)Biogas Plants (million)National Biomass Cookstoves Programme (million)Solar Cookers (Box type + Dish type)Solar Cooking in schools for mid-day scheme (Schools in lakhs)
Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial and Commercial ApplicationsSolar Water Heating Systems (million sq.m of collector area)Solar Air Heating System (sq m.)CST based systems for community cooking (sq.m.)CST based system for air-conditioning (125 systems, 30TR)CST based systems for process heat (225 systems, 250 sq.m. area each)
Solar CitiesNew Solar Cities in addition to existing target of 60 cities and pending liabilities.Model and Pilot Solar Cities.Green TownshipsTourist/Religious/ Important Places
Alternate Fuel Vehicles (in numbers)
Power Generation from HydrogenStationery Power Generation (KW)Hydrogen/H-CNG Stations (nos)Demonstration projects for Hydrogen/H-CNG vehicles
Power Generation from Fuel CellStationery Power Generation (KW)Back- up units for telecom towers (MW/nos)Fuel cell Vehicles
10,00015,0005,00030,000
2,0001,000200501503,400
0.73.53.55.0
6-50,00040,00053,750
15-25150
2,75,000
4,00010500
1010/2000100
Proposed Twelth Plan TargetsProgramme
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 13 | FACTSHEET
1. A capacity addition of 30,000 MW of grid-connected renewable power is proposed.
• Institutional mechanisms to accelerate adoption of renewable power by states in the form of renewable purchase obligations are sought to be enforced by bringing in an amendment into the Electricity Act, 2003
• To ensure volumes, generation-based incentives will be continued
• It has been proposed to restrict upfront subsidy for small hydro plants of capacity 10 MW or less from the existing 25 MW
2. A capacity addition target of 3,400 MW foroff-grid distributed renewable power is proposed
• The incentives for such projects would be sourced from a pool of funds originating fromNational Clean Energy Fund, CSR activities and tax-free donations
3. Renewable energy for cooking• Continue biogas and solar cooker
programme• Solar cooking could be promoted under
mid-day meal programme
4. Renewable energy for rural electricity access• Models like solar home lighting systems
through banking system, entrepreneur based biomass gasifier models for providing basic electricity and micro hydro systems will continue to be supported
• Special emphasis to be given to pumped water storage hydro plants to address intermittency in solar and wind technology
5. Off-grid solution for industrial, commercialand buildings applications
• Existing scheme on solar water heaters will continue with a review on capital subsidy
• Green building programme and solar city initiative will be expanded to new cities
Major New Initiatives
1. National Institute of Solar Energy: Undertaking applied research, demonstration and developmentin solar energy including solar hybrid areas.
2. National Bioenergy Corporation of India: Set up to implement bioenergy mission including cook stove programme.
3. Renewable Energy Development Fund: Creation of a Renewable Energy Development fund has been proposed to fill the gap between the sector’s financing needs and the amount that falls short of the banks’ obligations to their lending to this priority sector.
4. National Bioenergy Mission: In view of the success of biomass-based off-grid renewable models in rural areas of Bihar, a Biomass Mission has been proposed to create a policy framework for attracting investment and to facilitate rapid development of commercial biomass energy market.
5. Renewable Power Evacuation Infrastructure: Special emphasis will be placed on creating evacuation infrastructure and transmission facilities for renewable power in a time-bound manner to support the large expansion in consumption and production of renewable power and optimal utilisation of transmission system.
6. National Biomass Cook Stove Programme: The initiative plans to universalise access of improved biomass cook stoves by providing assistance in exploring technology deployments, biomass processing and delivery models leveragingpublic-private partnerships.
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 14 | FACTSHEET
Notes
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 15 | FACTSHEET
www.cseindia.org
www.shaktifoundation.in
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 16 | FACTSHEET