ENERAL OVERVIEW OF AND SANITATION ECTOR IN GHANAnwsdbrws.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Ghana.pdf · Solid Waste Management Sullage & Stormwater drainage Health-Care Facility Waste

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF

WATER AND SANITATION

SECTOR IN GHANA

Barbara Gyapong-Korsah

Research Manager, CoE

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and

Technology, Ghana

1

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Profile of Ghana

Water And Sanitation Sector Institutional Framework

Overview of the Water Sector

National Water Policy

Practices in the Water Sector

Overview of the Sanitation Sector

Environmental Sanitation Policy

Sanitation Practices 2

PROFILE OF GHANA Located in Western part of Africa

Population is 25 Million (Females

51%, Males 49%)

10 Administrative Regions

About 70% of the total population live

in the southern half of the country

Capital City is Accra

Currency is Cedis

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WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORK

Environmental Sanitation

Environmental Sanitation Education and Enforcement Mgt

Liquid waste (Excreta) Disposal

Solid Waste Management

Sullage & Stormwater drainage

Health-Care Facility Waste Management

National Environmental Sanitation Policy

National Environmental Sanitation Conference

Water

Rural Water Supply

Urban Water Supply

Water Resource Management

National Water Policy

Ghana Water Forum

4

MLGRD - EHSD

CWSA

GWCL

EHSD

MWRWH – WD

CWSA, GWCL, WRC

WASH

CWSS

UWS

SIP

NCWSP

GHANA WATER SECTOR

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OVERVIEW OF GHANA WATER SECTOR

Both the CWSA and GWCL plan their interventions to achieve targets of 76% for rural water and 80% for urban water supply by 2015 (described as ‘MDG+’).

The JMP reports the use of improved water sources in Ghana at 82 % as of 2008 with17% of the population receiving water piped into premises and 65% relying on other sources such as standpipes and water points.

This would mean Ghana has already exceeded its water supply Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of 76% coverage

However,

Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) reports rural coverage of 57% (2008)

GWCL reports Urban Water Coverage of 58% (2008) 6

GHANA NATIONAL WATER POLICY (GNWP)

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The overall goal is to

"achieve sustainable

development, management and

use of Ghana's water resources

to improve health and

livelihoods, reduce vulnerability

while assuring good

governance for present and

future generations".

GNWP FOCUS AREAS

Water Resources Management

Access To Water

Water For Food Security

Water For Non-consumptive And Other Uses

Financing

Climate Variability And Change

Capacity Building And Public Awareness Creation

Good Governance

Planning And Research

International Cooperation

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GNWP FOCUS AREAS CONTD...

Urban Water Supply

Water Sources

Improving Access to Water

Financing

Hygiene Education and Environmental Sanitation

Public Private Partnerships

Capacity Building

Good Governance

Research and Development

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

Emergency and Extreme Events

Pro-poor Issues 9

GNWP FOCUS AREAS CONTD...

Rural Water and Sanitation

Access to Potable Water

Decentralised delivery of water and sanitation services

Financing

Hygiene Education and Sanitation (HES)

Public Private Partnership

Capacity Building

Gender Mainstreaming and Good Governance


Operation and Maintenance (O&M)

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) 10

PRACTICES IN THE WATER SECTOR

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PRACTICES IN THE WATER SECTOR CONTD...

12


13


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GHANA SANITATION SECTOR

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OVERVIEW OF THE SANITATION SECTOR

Basic Sanitation

Estimated 20% of households practice open defaecation (free-range)

About 54% of households use shared facilities which are generally

unimproved (unhygienic)

13% have access to improved toilets/latrines.

Health-threatening pan latrines still exist in our cities and towns esp govt

bungalows and quarters

Households use other means for defaecation – black polythene bags

(source – WHO/UNICEF/JMP 2008)

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STATUS OF SANITATION

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The MDG target for basic sanitation is 54% by 2015

o Currently, access to

improved sanitation is at

14%. Is the Sanitation

MDG target for Ghana

achievable?????

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION POLICY

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Principal components comprises of:

Collection and sanitary disposal

of wastes (solid wastes, waste

water, excreta, industrial wastes,

clinical and other hazardous

wastes)

Storm drain maintenance.

Public Cleansing (thoroughfares,

markets and other public space)

Control of pests and vectors of

disease;

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION POLICY CONTD...

It also includes;

Monitoring the observance of environmental standards.

Enforcement of sanitary regulations; Control of pests and

vectors of disease;

Food hygiene;

Environmental sanitation education;

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ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION POLICY CONTD...

Policy Focus Areas

Capacity Development

Information, Education and Communication

Legislation and Regulation

Levels of Service

Sustainable Financing and Cost Recovery


Monitoring and Evaluation

20

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION POLICY The broad principles underlying Ghana’s Environmental Sanitation

Policy are:

Public good;

Economic good;

Polluter-pays-principle;

Cost recovery to ensure value-for-money ensuring economy,

effectiveness and efficiency;

Subsidiarity in order to ensure participatory decision-making at

the lowest appropriate level in society;

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ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION POLICY

CONTD...

Improving equity and gender sensitivity

Recognizing indigenous knowledge, diversity of religious and cultural practices

The precautionary principle that seeks to minimize activities that have the potential to negatively affect the integrity of all environmental resources

The principle of community participation and social intermediation

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CURRENT SITUATION

Types of Waste Water

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Kitchen Faeces Urine Bathroom Laundry

Industrial Domestic Stormwater

Runoff

Wastewater

Blackwater Greywater

CURRENT SITUATION CONTD…

Sewerage And Sewage Treatment

The state of liquid waste management in the whole of the

country is poor.

Almost 97% of all public-owned and public-managed

sewage and septage/faecal sludge treatment plants are

non-functional

The treatment facilities of the two central sewerage systems

(Accra, Tema) are not functioning

Only four of the 35 institutional treatment plants are

operational.

This implies that less than 1% of the sewage and septage

generated in this country is treated

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SANITATION PRACTICES

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SANITATION PRACTICES CONTD...

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27


Chocked drains leading to poor

drainage

Lack of drains for grey water disposal 28


Public Toilets

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Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP)

Water Closet

Defaecation in polythene bags 32

CONCLUSION

All Project Managers/Directors are kindly requested to

contribute data on their research/projects to the College

Research Database

Documents

ENERAL OVERVIEW OF AND SANITATION ECTOR IN GHANAnwsdbrws.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Ghana.pdf · Solid Waste Management Sullage & Stormwater drainage Health-Care Facility Waste