THEORY OF MIGRATION

Endre Sik: The migration network

Introduction

� Network created through human relations is a big advantage during the migration process

� Case study:� Áron Tamási: Ábel in America (20th century)

� A business woman at the Hungarian-Ukrainian border (21st century)

� Importance of the chain migration in the network theories� Thomas and Znaniecki:

� shows some transnational processes and

� the mutual influence between the migrant and its family

Why is network so important

during migration processes?

� Increases trust – without costs

� Helps the usage of information

� Decreases the costs and risks

� Helps the integration process

� Ideal-typical examples:� Refugee

� Planned migration

Hungarian examples

� Illegal work in Hungary and in foreign countries� To do everything together -> cutting the costs

� Emigration� See the case study of Bertalanné

� Immigration� Dissidant

� Transnational global citizen

� Human trafficking

� From seasonal work to settling

The role of the network –

conclusion� Network: is an independent, social unity

� Tilly: inert strength of networks

� Role of the network:� at the arrival

� residing

� looking for a job etc.

� Helps to create identity

� Italians in America

� Hungarians abroad

The bad effects of the

network� Exploiting (Chinese in San Francisco)� A hutch� Exclusive� Xenophobia, ethnocentrism, fundamentalism-> Defence: with migrationThe effects of ethnosurvey:- Massey-Espinoza, Massey-Singer: Mexicans- Palloni et al: does network increase the

probability of migration?- Massey et al: the maintenance of the migration

� Migration as crisis� Migration is planable, but risky and it has a long-

term effect on the person (sometimes the family)

� Information gathering is needed -> to make capital from the relations

� Networks have more role in illegal migrations

� The migration network� Consciously created networks

� Can we analyze seperately the migration network? –Yes

� Broader concept of migration network

� Potential migrants can have migration network too

� Two types of migration network