ENDOPHTHALMITIS DR ALI SALEHI Endophthalmitis Is a serious condition that can result in permanent...
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• ENDOPHTHALMITIS • DR ALI SALEHI
ENDOPHTHALMITIS DR ALI SALEHI Endophthalmitis Is a serious condition that can result in permanent and dramatic loss of vision. Early diagnosis and treatment
Endophthalmitis Is a serious condition that can result in
permanent and dramatic loss of vision. Early diagnosis and
treatment are 2 of the most important factors related to good
visual outcomes.
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Diagnosis Endophthalmitis is a clinical diagnosis that is
confirmed by positive aqueous or vitreous culture. However, a
negative culture does not exclude the diagnosis
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symptoms of endophthalmitis 1. floaters 2.mild to severe ocular
pain 3. loss of vision 4.photophobia 5.Red eye
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Hallmark of endophthalmitis is vitreous inflammation but other
signs include eyelid or periorbital edema ciliary injection
chemosis anterior chamber reaction, (hypopyon) decreased visual
acuity corneal edema and retinal hemorrhages
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Endophthalmitis can be divided into six categories: 1.Acute
postcataract surgery (most common) 2.Chronic pseudophakic
3.Bleb-related 4.Posttraumatic 5.Endogenous 6.Fungal
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Bacteria involved Acute postoperative - coagulase-negative
staphylococci staphylocuccus aureus and streptocuccus, Enterocuccus
and gram negative species. Chronic postoperative -
propionibacterium acnes and coagulase negative and corynebacterium
species.
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Filtering bleb associated- streptococcus and staphyiococcus
species and Haemophilus influenzae. Posttraumatic-Bacillus and
staphylococcus species. Endogenous- S.aureus,Escheria coli and
streptococcus species.
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Bacteriology Since coagulase-negative staphylococci are the
predominant organisms colonizing the surface of the eye, and since
most cases of endophthalmitis are due to the patient's own
conjunctival flora it is not surprising that coagulase-negative
staphylococci are the major pathogens in postcataract
endophthalmitis
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31 percent of patients had negative or equivocal cultures.
Organisms isolated in the confirmed culture-positive group
included:
ACUTE POSTCATARACT ENDOPHTHALMITIS Is the most common form of
endophthalmitis and, in the United States, is almost always due to
bacteria. This complication occurs within six weeks of cataract
surgery, with 75 percent of cases presenting in the first
postoperative week.
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Postoperative E. POE a complication resulting from bacterial or
fungal infection following cataract surgery. 2 form of POE Acute
presenting up to 6 weeks post surgery.(80-90%) Chronic occurring
months or even years after initial surgery. (10-20%)
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Incidences True incidences of POE is not known. Published
reports indicate the incidence ranges from 1 in 350 to 1 in 1000
patients.
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Several studies have shown that bacteria can be isolated from
the anterior chamber at the end of cataract surgery in 7 to 43
percent of cases but
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None of the study patients developed endophthalmitis,
suggesting that the immune system is usually able to clear a small
inoculum of relatively a virulent organisms