Endocrine System

Functions

• Help regulate and coordinate body systems• Hormones chemical messages manufactured

in glands throughout body• Endocrine glands release hormones directly

into the blood because they are ductless• Negative feedback system endocrine

system gives itself messages to control the production and release of hormones

Reproductive System

• Endocrine system hormones are key factors in the function of human reproduction

Male Reproductive System

• Internal and external organs• Testes organs that produce male hormone

testosterone and reproductive cells sperm• Sperm combined with fluid energy source,

producing semen.

Female Reproductive System

• Internal organs called ovaries produce eggs• Once a month, ovulation releases egg• Uterus hollow, pear shaped, muscular organ

that opens to outside of body• Vagina the birth canal, or a muscular tube

that opens to outside of body

Menstrual Cycle

• Monthly cycle of changes in female reproductive system

• Endocrine hormones estrogen and progesterone control it

• Menstruation release of blood and uterine lining tissue

• Menopause gradual shutdown of ovaries which ends ovulation and periods

Human Development

• Fertilization uniting of sperm and egg• Zygote fertilized cell formed by nucleus of sperm

and egg• Pregnancy period of development before birth– Zygote moves to uterus and becomes embryo– Umbilical cord connects embryo to placenta, providing

nutrients from mother and removing wastes from baby– Embryo called fetus after two months of development

Birthing Process

• Muscular contractions of uterus push baby out through vagina

• Umbilical cord cut after baby born, and scar forms the naval (belly button)

• If baby cannot be delivered from birth canal, they are delivered by cesarean section