WEEK 1 ENDANGERED

SPECIES

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION:ENDANGERED SPECIES

NOTESHEETWORKSHEETS

Endangered Species

What is the difference between an endangered and extinct species?

If a particular species has been reduced to the point where they are in danger of dying out. They are placed on the list of endangered species. When all organisms of a species have died, the species is termed extinct. e.g. dinosaurs.

What are examples of endangered animal species in The Bahamas?

Bahama Parrot(Abaco and Great Inagua Islands), Bahama hutias(East Plana Cay located between Acklins and Mayaguana), Iguanas (Andros , San Salvador, Exuma) , Hawksbill turtles,Loggerhead turtles,White crown pigeons,West Indian Flamingos (Great Inagua) , Bahamian Boa Constrictors.

What are some ways humans have caused species to become endangered or extinct?

i. Over harvesting/ over fishing–decreases the likelihood of juveniles and reproductive adults surviving. As a result, this leads to a decrease in the number of that particular species.

ii. Land development – destroying the habitat of small populations of species for building purposes. This would also lead to a decrease in their population.

iii. Pollution – may cause diseases to occur or death.

What are methods used to conserve endangered species in the Bahamas?

1. Protection by law e.g. crawfish closed season April 1 to July 31.

2. Establishment of national parks and marine reserves to protect endangered species.

3. Prevent pollution of the air, water and land.

Section A

For each question there are FOUR possible answers. Choose ONE you consider correct and circle the letter next to the answer. Each question is worth one mark, giving a total of TEN marks for this section.

1. What is the name given to species that are not native to a specific ecosystem, spreads rapidly,

and causes environmental harm?

A. Endangered Species

B. Invasive Species

C. Protected Species

D. Extinct Species

2. Which animal is not protected in The Bahamas?

3.

What happens when all of the organisms in a species die?

A. It adapts

B. It diversifies

C. It becomes endangered

D. It becomes extinct

4. How can we prevent the extinction of endangered turtles on Cat Island? By…

A. Destroying their eggs

B. Eating them

C. Obeying the laws that protect them

D. Selling their eggs to tourist.

5. Which bird cannot be hunted at anytime?

A. Bahama Parrot

B. Bobwhite Quail

C. Chuckar Partridge

D. Coot

6. Which animal is NOT protected by Bahamian Law?

1) Define endangered species________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

2) What is the name of the bird in this drawing? Which island these birds are found in abundance?Bird ________________________Island ________________________ (2)

3) Name 2 other endangered species in the Bahamas and the islands they are found in abundance.

Endangered Species Island

(2)4) Why is it important to protect our endangered species?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

The birds in the drawing are endangered and protected by law. Study the habitat then

answer the questions below.

a)

What is ecology?

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [1]

b) What is the name of the bird in the drawing?

________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________[1]

c) On which Bahamian Island can these birds be found in abundance?

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________[1]

d) Name two other endangered species in the Bahamas and the islands on which they are

found in abundance.[4]

Species Island

1)

2)

e) State ONE reason for protecting our endangered species.

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [1]

f) State ONE way in which man has cause a named organism to become extinct or

endangered. [2]

Organism Reason

_________________ ________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

TOTAL POINTS [10]

2. The organisms in the drawing are endangered. Study the diagrams and answer the

questions.

a) Write the letter of the endangered animal that is a :

Reptile _________________________________

Mammal________________________________

Bird____________________________________

[3]

g) What is the name of the bird in diagram B?

________________________________________________________________________

_______ [1]

h) On which Bahamian Island can these birds be found in abundance?

________________________________________________________________________

________[1]

i) Name two other endangered species in the Bahamas and the islands on which they are

found in abundance.

[2]

Species Island

3)

4)

j) i.State ONE reason for protecting our endangered species.

________________________________________________________________________

_________

ii. Conservation refers to the wise use of resources.

State a way to conserve endangered organisms in the Bahamas.

________________________________________________________________________

_______ [2]

A B C D

k) State the name of ONEorganism that may be extinct or endangered and give a possible

reason for it.

Organism Reason

_________________ ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

[1]

TOTAL POINTS [10]

WEEK 2AIR

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION:AIR WITH QUESTIONS AND VIDEO PRESENTATION

NOTESHEETSWORKSHEETS

AirAir Pollution Vocabulary

1. Pollutant- something that causes damage to the environment

2. Pollution- the contamination of the environment

3. Domestic Waste- garbage that is produced by people in a household

4. Dumping- placing waste in an area that is not appropriate (ex. Dumping chemicals in the

oceans)

5. Hazardous waste- a form of garbage that is harmful to the health of plants, animals and

requires careful disposal (ex. Batteries, paint)

6. Pesticides- chemicals that are sprayed on crops to prevent insects from destroying them

7. Carbon Dioxide-a colourless, odourless gas produced by respiration. It is naturally

present in air (about 0.03 per cent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.

8. Exhaust emissions-emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas,

gasoline/petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil or coal. According to the type of

engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack or

propelling nozzle.

9. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)- any of several simple gaseous compounds that contain

carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and sometimes hydrogen, that are used as refrigerants,

cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants and in the manufacture of plastic foams

10. Smoke-the gas given off by burning materials (as coal, wood, or tobacco) made visible by

particles of carbon floating in it.

11. Dust-fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the

ground or on surfaces or carried in the air.

12. Fumes (carbon monoxide)- Colorless, odorless, combustible, and lethal gas produced by

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels 

13. Oxides of nitrogen- group of highly reactive gases, all of which contain nitrogen and

oxygen in varying amounts.

14. Smog-Fog that has become mixed and polluted with smoke

15. Ventilation-the replacement of unclean air with fresh air

What is air?

Air is a mixture of different gases.

What gases makes up air?

Gases Percentage (%)Nitrogen 78Oxygen 21Carbon dioxide 0.03Argon 0.93Other noble gases Very small quantitiesWater vapour varying quantities

Does air have weight and mass?

Molecules of air give air its mass. The weight of air is due to the force of gravity acting on its mass.

What are properties of air?

1) Air is real2) Air occupies space (volume)

3) Air has mass and weight 4) Air exerts pressure 5) A is colourless, odourless, mass, weight, density

ActivityComplete the table below, then use the information from the table to construct a bar graph on the grid.

Gas Percentage (%) NameW 78X 21Y 1

Title:________________________________________

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Title:

Title:

GLOBAL WARMING

Scientists who study the climate are still arguing about how fast the earth is warming and how much it will warm, but they do agree that the earth is warming and that it will keep warming if we don’t do anything about it.  

Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal cause greenhouse gases to escape into the air and that these gases are causing most of the warming. Another cause is deforestation (cutting down trees). Trees soak up carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases, from the air."Global warming" refers to the increase of the Earth's average surface temperature, due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

"Climate change" is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.There are already some changes happening because of global warming. Sea level is rising and some animals are already moving to new homes. It’s already too late to stop global warming completely. If the warming gets worse, as scientists expect, there may be some kinds of plants and animals that become extinct (disappear completely) because they can’t move to new homes. There may be more storms and floods. Sea level may rise so much that people have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming.

Global warming is a very difficult problem to fix. People are having a hard time agreeing on what to do about it. For example, everyone agrees that wasting energy is a bad thing to do. But some people think that the federal government should make laws about it, while other people think it should be up to each person or business todecide what to doYou don’t have to wait until you are grown to do something about global warming. Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels is causing global warming. Since these fuels are burned for energy, and everyone uses energy, everyone can help stop global warming just by using less energy.Think about the things you do each day that use energy. The lights in your house use electricity. The TV and computer use electricity. The washing machine, dishwasher and dryer all use gas or electricity. Every time you ride in your car, it uses gasoline.

There are some simple things that you can do to help stop global warming:

Wait until you have a lot of clothes to wash before using the washing machine. Don’t use the machine for one item just because it’s your favorite shirt

Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use fluorescent bulbs in your room.

Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Unplug chargers when not in use. 

Close the blinds on a hot day if the sun is shining in. Dress lightly instead of turning up the air conditioning.  Or use a fan. 

Dress warmly inside your house when it’s cold, instead of turning up the heat. Bike or walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in a car. Plant a tree. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

 Key Questions1. Do scientists agree about global warming? (2pts)2. What is causing global warming?(2pts)3. What is the difference between "global warming" and "climate change?" (2pts)4. What will happen if global warming continues? (2pts)5. What is being done about global warming? (2pts)6. What can I do about global warming? (2pts)7. In a paragraph of 100 words, how can you educate fellow students at YOUR

SCHOOL about saving the planet? (10pts)

WEEK 3Carbon dioxide

and oxygen

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: AIR WITH QUESTIONS AND VIDEO

PRESENTATION

NOTESHEETSWORKSHEETS

Carbon dioxideImportant terms

Organic matter- is matter that contains a large amount of carbon-based compounds.

Density – The amount of mass in a given space or how tightly compact matter is.

What is carbon?

Carbon is an element that is inside all living organisms. When organic matter is roasted it turns black. This means that carbon is present. Soot is also a form of carbon.Soot is a black powdery substance that is a product of incomplete combustion (burning).

What is the carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. It is often referred to by its chemical formula CO2.

What are uses of carbon dioxide?

1) It is dissolved in water under pressure to make “fizzy” drinks.2) It is used in fire extinguishers. 3) It is easily changed to a solid called dry ice. Dry ice is used for creating a

smoky atmosphere (Halloween) and freezing and removing warts.

What are the properties of carbon dioxide?

1) Carbon dioxide is a colourless and odourless gas 2) Carbon dioxide is denser than air3) Slightly soluble in water 4) It does not support combustion (burning). 5) It turns limewater milky.6) It turns damp blue litmus paper pink as carbonic acid is a weak acid.

How is carbon dioxide prepared in the lab?

Carbon dioxide is prepared in the laboratory from the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and marble chips (a form of calcium carbonate).

How to test for the presence of carbon dioxide?

1. Bubble the unknown gas into a test tube containing lime water. If the lime water turns milky, this confirms that the gas is carbon dioxide.Lime water turns milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate.

2. Place lighted splint in the gas. If the splint goes out the gas is carbon dioxide.

Activity

1) Which gas is inflating the balloon in flask B?________________________________________________________(1)

2) Name the elements and state the number of atoms in a molecule of this gas?

Element Number of atomsi.

ii. (2)

3) Explain how this gas can be prepared in the lab.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

4) State two uses of this gas._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

Carbon CycleWhat is the carbon cycle?

The carbon cycle is the pathway along which carbon travels in nature. Carbon dioxide in the air is the source of most of the carbon in living things

How is carbon taken from the atmosphere?

1) Photosynthesis – this is the process by which plants make food. Plants take in carbon dioxidefrom the air and water from the soil in the presence of sunlight to make food (glucose) during the day.

2) Bodies of water absorb some carbon from the atmosphere. This is used to build up shells, rocks and skeleton of coral.

How is carbon released into the atmosphere?

1) Respiration – this is the process by which energy is released from food and made available to the organism. Animals release carbon dioxide back into the air as a waste product from respiration. Also, in the night plants give out carbon dioxide during respiration

2) Decomposition- this is the breakdown of dead plants and animals to be used as food by bacteria or fungi. When decomposers (organisms that carryout decomposition) break down dead organic matter they release carbon dioxide into the air.

3) Combustion – this is the act of burning substances.Carbon is also stored in fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline and natural gas. When these are burned carbon dioxide is released back into the air. Humans burn fossil fuels to power factories, power plants, cars and trucks.

What is the relationship between the emission of carbon dioxide and global warming?

The build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in recent decades is causing global warming. The carbon dioxide behaves like the glass of a greenhouse. It lets the Sun’s rays through to the earth’s surface but stops heat from escaping. This causes the trapping of heat which results in global warming.

What is the ozone layer and why it is so important?

The ozone layer refers to a protective layer made up of naturally occurring ozone gas that shield us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays by absorbing them

before they make their way to Earth.Damage to the ozone layer can cause skin cancer, cataracts and death of plants and animals.

1) Name the processes taking place at X and Y

X_______________________ , Y_______________________ (2)

2) Why is decomposition important? Give one example of a decomposer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)

3) Explain the purpose of factory emissions in the carbon cycle.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

4) What would be the result of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere?

___________________________________________________________(1)

OxygenImportant term

Reactive - easily take part in chemical reactions to make new substances.

Corrode – destroy or damage slowly by chemical action.

Catalyst – speeds up a reaction.

What is oxygen?

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.It is very important because we need it to live.

What are properties of oxygen?

1. Oxygen is colourless and odourless gas 2. Oxygenis slightly soluble in water3. The density of oxygen is slightly greater than density of air.4. Oxygen is a very reactive element - it reacts with most elements forming

oxides. 5. Oxygen supports combustion - it allows many substances to burn in it

forming oxides.6. Metals will corrode when they are exposed to oxygen in the air – iron

reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form rust. Salt acts a catalyst for this reaction.

What is an oxide?

An oxide is a compound of an element with oxygen. For example : magnesium oxide, copper (cuprous/cupric) oxide, sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide, calcium oxide and iron (ferrous/ferric) oxide.

What is the difference betweencombustible and non-combustible?

A combustible substance is one that burns in air or oxygen,e.g. iron , wood, paper and plastic. A non -combustible substance is one that do not burn in air or oxygen,e.g. water , sand, glass and cement.

What are uses of oxygen?

1. As a respiratory aid in deep sea diving , in high altitude flying or climbing and in hospitals

2. Welding and cutting metals – oxygen is mixed with acetylene to produce a very hot flame.

3. Oxygen is used to produce ozone (O3).

How to prepare oxygen in the lab?

Oxygen is prepared in the laboratory by the catalytic breakdown (decomposition) of hydrogen peroxide. Manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst.

How to test for the presence of oxygen?

Placing a glowing splint in gas, if it relights the gas is oxygen.

Activity

1. Name the process taking place in Diagram A.

________________________________________________________________(1)

2. Why did the candle go out in Diagram B?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

3. Briefly explain why the water level, in Diagram B, gradually raised.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

4. What conclusion a student can draw based on the results of this experiment?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

5. State which jar will have a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)

WEEK 4SOIL &

Digestive system

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: digestive system

NOTESHEETWORKSHEETS

SoilImportant terms

Parent/Bed Rock - the original rock from which soil was formed.

Soil permeability - a measure of the ability of air and water to move through soil.

Soil fertility – the ability of soils to supply essential nutrients in the correct amounts and forms needed for healthy plant growth.

Soil porosity - refers to the amount of pore, or open space between soil particles.

What is soil?

Soil is the layer of the earth’s surface in which plants grow and have their roots.

Why is soil important?

The soil is a habitat for many animals. Animals that live in the soil break down the plant and animal remains to produce nutrients which increase soil fertility. Soil provides support and nutrients for plant growth that gives us medicine, food, wood etc.

What is the composition of soil?

1. Soil Particles : they are made up of sand(large particles), clay (small

particles) and silt (medium particles)

2. Humus : This is the dead remains of plants and animal that adds nutrients to

and improves the texture of soil.

3. Water : Important to keep plants alive.

4. Air : Provides the oxygen needed by the plant roots for respiration. It is

found in the spaces of the plant roots.

5. Dissolved mineral salts : Enters the soil from the surrounding rock or

humus. They are needed for healthy plant growth because it provides

plants with the important elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium.

6. Soil organism : these are organism that live in the soil. Fungi and bacteria

which are microscopic decompose organic matter (dead plants and

animals). This releases nutrients into the soil that are needed by plants to

grow well. Earthworm, millipedes and small mammals burrow through soil

and improve aeration (air circulating through soil).

What is a soil profile?

A soil profile is the arrangement of soil layers from top to bottom.

How is soil formed?

Soil can be formed during the following processes:

Process Description

1. WeatheringThis is the process through which rocks are broken down. Parent or bed rocks are gradually broken down by violent or sudden movements, temperature change etc.

2. Decomposition Acids from decaying plants and animals breaks down rocks into smaller particles.

What are the types of soil

Types of Soil Description1. Clay Clay consist of very small particles. It has tiny air spaces which

causes water to take a long time to pass through.

2. SandySandy soil consist of large particles. It has large air spaces which allows water to pass through it quickly carrying valuable nutrients with it (leaching). As a result, sandy soil is not suitable for agriculture.

3. LoamLoam contains a balanced mixture sand, silt and clay.Also, it contains humus which adds the black colour to soil and increases soil fertility. This type of soil is suitable for agriculture because it holds sufficient water and allows the access to drain away.

What is a fertilizer?

Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to increase plant growth. Some substances that are added to fertilizers are as follows: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium , sulfur , iron etc.

What are the types of fertilizers?

Types of Fertilizer

Description

Artificial These are substances made in factories that contain the three elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This type of fertilizer works very quickly and is often washed out of the soil by rain. E.g.Ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate and potassium sulphate.

Natural These are organicsubstances that have been extracted from living things or from the earth. This type of fertilizer takes a longer time to work and doesn’t damage plants when used incorrectly. E.g. manure, compost

Activity

1. What type of soil A and B represent?A_______________________B_______________________ (2)

2. Name the process by which soil is formed from bedrock.

______________________________________________________________(1)

3. Identify the type of soil , in the diagram, which water drainsi) Very fast and is poor at holding water ________________________ii) Very slow and is excellent at holding water __________________(2)

4. A mixture of soil and water was stirred then allowed to settle. Identify layer A and explain its purpose.

Layer A ________________________________________________Purpose ____________________________________________________(2)

5. Read each statement then complete the table by writing the type of fertilizer being described in the allotted space.

Statements Type of fertilizerNaturally occurring organic matter.

Can cause damage when used incorrectly.

A B

Costly

Works faster than the other type of fertilizer.

Subject to leaching

(4)

• Your Digestive System and How It Works

EnzymesWhat are enzymes?

These are proteins that speeds up a chemical reaction. The names of enzymes usually end in “-ase”, e.g. amylase, lipase, sucrase etc.

How enzymes work?

The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates, e.g. proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The substrates bind to a region on the enzyme called the active site. Eventually, the substrate changes into products which are released when the reaction is completed.

What are properties of enzymes?

Enzymes:

1. can act on only one type of substrate 2. always produce the same end product 3. can be used repeatedly 4. work best at a particular temperature and ph 5. are denatured (change in shape) by heat.

The Digestive System

What is Digestion?

Digestion is the process of breaking down food so that its small enough to be absorbed and used by the body for energy or other bodily functions. It begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine. There are two types of digestion.

Type of Digestion Description Examples

1. MechanicalThe physical changes and movement of food through the digestive system

Chewing food, swallowing food and the mixing and churning of food in the stomach

2. ChemicalWhen food is changed chemically

enzymes that work together to change the food we eat into substances the body can use.

What is the Digestive System?

This is the group of organs that break down the food we eat in order to absorb its nutrients.

What are the parts of the Digestive System?

The digestive system is made up of five connected organs (mouth, esophagus , stomach, small intestine and large intestine). These organs are called the digestive tract or alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. They do most of the work in breaking down food, but several other organs (salivary glands, pancreas and liver) help them along the way as they do their jobs.

ActivityLabel parts 1 – 13. After you are done you may color your diagram.

How does digestion occur?

1. Your Mouth

When food is placed into your mouth you begin to chew it using your teeth (mechanical digestion). As you chew saliva is added to moisten the food and break down starches into simpler sugars (chemical digestion). The enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch is called amylase. While this is going on your tongue helps to roll the food into tiny balls called bolus which makes swallowing easier.

2. The Esophagus

When you swallow your food, it enters a muscular tube call the esophagus. As you swallow involuntary muscles contract and relax pushing food toward your stomach. The movement created by the contracting and relaxing muscles is called peristalsis.

3. The Stomach

When food enters the stomach it mixes with gastric juices (enzymes, acids and mucus).Enzymes called pepsin help to break down proteins and fats. Hydrochloric acid is responsible for breaking down proteins as well. The mucus protects the walls of the stomach from strong acids and enzymes.

Mechanical digestion takes place as the food and gastric juices are mixed together. Chemical digestion takes place as enzymes and acid break down the food eaten. When the food and juices are fully mixed, the resulting mixture is called chyme

4. The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum)

As chyme enters the small intestine digestive juices made by the pancreas, small intestine and liver is added to it . The juices made by the pancreas breaks down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The juices made by the small intestine finish the work started by the pancreatic enzymes and neutralize the acidity of the chyme. Bile made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder is responsible for breaking down fats. Chyme moves along this organ by the process of peristalsis.In the small intestine digestion of food is completed.

Absorption (the movement of digestive food into the blood stream) takes place with the help of villi. Inside the many folds of the intestine there are millions of villi. Villi are tiny finger like projections with a large surface area. These villi are surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries. The nutrients that have been broken down in the process of digestion are small enough to move out of the villi and into the capillaries.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjDk-rFmPDcAhWKtVkKHT-TD_QQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://biologyaipmt.com/2018/01/17/chapter-16-digestion-and-absorption/&psig=AOvVaw3rd7RVrNFGh1gSNGDaZ-AC&ust=1534461267277110

5. The large intestine

Waste materials and fiber move into the large intestine. During their journey water from the waste material is absorbed by the blood from the large intestine. The substance left behind (waste) travels to the rectum where it is stored. This waste material is called feces. When the rectum becomes full the fecal wastes are removed from the body through the anus.

ActivityComplete the table below by writing the letter of the part of the digestive system that matches the statement on the space provided.

Statements Letter of Part1. Digestion starts here.2. The part water is absorbed.3. Have small finger like projections.4. Food is mixed with saliva.5. Connects the mouth to the stomach.6. Contains hydrochloric acid.7. Mixes food to produce chyme.

What are the other organs that help the digestive system?

1. Salivary Glands

These are the glands located under the lower jaw , the tongue and at the front of the ears. They are responsible for making saliva which makes food softer and easier to swallow.

2. The Pancreas

This organ is responsible for making enzymes. The enzymes are sent to the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic enzymes help the body breakdown carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

3. The Liver

One of the jobs of the live is to create bile. Bile is a fluid containing special salts. These salts are important for breaking down fats into smaller molecules. The bile is made in the liver and is stored in a nearby organ called the gall bladder. The gall bladder sends bile into the duodenum. The bile travels from the gallbladder to the small intestine through a tube called the bile duct.

Where digestion begins and ends for each class of nutrient?

Nutrient Where digestion begins Where digestion endsCarbohydrates in mouth ileumProteins stomach ileumFats duodenum ileumVitamins, minerals and water are readily taken up into the bloodstream and do not have to be digested.

What are all the enzymes involved in digestion?

Digestive Enzymes are chemicals that speed up the breakdown of food. These are made in the digestive glands and secreted in the digestive juices. With the aid of these enzymes food can be digested quicker.

Organ Digestive

Gland

Enzyme Food Acted

On

(Substrate)

Substance Produced

(Product)

Mouth Salivary Glands

Salivary Amylase Starch Maltose

StomachGastric Gland

Pepsin

Rennin

Protein

Milk

Peptides

Clots It

Small Intestine

Pancreas

Trypsin_________________

Lipase ____________

Amylase

Protein___________

_Fat

__________Starch

Amino Acid____________________Fatty Acids and Glycerol

_______________________Maltose

Intestinal Gland

Maltase_________________

Sucrase________________

Lactase

Maltose __________

Sucrose___________

_Lactose

Glucose_________________

Fructose_______________

Glucose and galactose

Liver Bile salts (not an enzyme)

Emulsifies Fat Splits into droplets

What are the end products of chemical digestion of fats , proteins and carbohydrates?

End-Products of Digestion

Results from the breakdown of:

Function

Glucose Carbohydrates/starches Produces energyAmino acids Proteins Builds enzymes, help

maintain cell structureFatty acids and glycerol Fats Energy storage

Activity

1. What process does the arrows at the sides of the esophagus represents?___________________________________________________________(1)

2. Name the substance moving through the esophagus. Note: don’t use food.___________________________________________________________(1)

3. What organ produces bile and where is it stored?Organ _________________________________Stored _________________________________ (2)

4. Complete the table below

Enzyme Substrate ProductPepsin

Fats Fatty acids

StarchSucrose Fructose

(6)

Match the following with the correct answer.

____ A. incisor a. place where digestion begins

____ B. stomach b. tooth that are used for biting

____ C. canine c. place where digestion ends

____ D. mouth d. tooth used for tearing food

____ E. liver e. contains bile

____ F. peristalsis f. water is absorbed here

____ G. large intestine g. movement of food through the esophagus