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Endangered Species
By
Kartikeya Thiyam SundaramShaurish Das Gupta
Grade VII - B
G.D.Goenka World School , Gurgaon , India
RAMESHWARAM ORNAMENTAL PARACHUTE SPIDER
GENUS: Poecilotheria SCIENTIFIC NAME: Poecilotheria Hanumavilasumica
DISCOVERED BY:Andrew Smith in 2004
WHERE:In a grove of the Hanumavilasum temple on the Rameshwaram Islands, Tamil Nadu.
RAMESHWARAM ORNAMENTAL PARACHUTE SPIDER (Contd.)
• In 2008, it was put on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) RED List (Critically Endangered)
• Its numbers are less than 500 today.
FOUND IN RAMESHWARAM ISLANDS, TAMIL NADU – SOUTH INDIA
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• The spider has a vivid color pattern, fast movement and potent venom.
• It has light and dark brown stripes across its body and legs. • It can be distinguished from others in this genus by a yellow colouration on the underside of the front legs.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS(Contd.)
•Its colouring provide excellent camouflage against predators.
• Males grow up to 4.3 cm in length.
• Females are much larger growing to a length of 6.7 cm.
• Tree dwelling species endemic to Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu , South India.
HABITAT
• Habitat restricted to a few tamarind, casuarina and mixed dry deciduous trees and palm plantations around an area of 100 sq. kms.
• 8 sub-populations in 13 severely fragmented locations with 4-78 individuals per area.
• Density of population more in tamarind plantations. Prefers well- protected, small dark cavities such as hollows, trunks and under bark of trees.
TAMARIND TREE
PALM AND CASUARINA PLANTATION
• These spiders have short life spans.
• Mortality amongst spider lings is exceptionally high due to cannibalism and natural predation.
• Maturation ranges from 12-15 months for males and 14-18 months for females.
LIFESPAN
A
LIFESPAN (Contd)
• Males survive for only one breeding season and die soon after re- production.
• The female spider is not only bigger than the male but also has a longer lifespan.
• Average post-adult life for the female spider is 60-85 months.
REASONS FOR BEING ENDANGERED
•The spiders number less than 500.
• CR status due to restricted distribution, and continuing decline in area, quality, population and mature individuals.
• Its woodland habitat is being destroyed when plantations are converted into tourist destinations.
REASONS FOR BEING ENDANGERED (Contd.)
• Deforestation for developmental activities is destroying its woodland habitat. In 2006, 70 adult spiders were killed when a plantation was razed to build a resort.
• Number of trees are reducing where the spiders can mature.
A newly built resort in Rameshwaram
WHY ARE SPIDERS IMPORTANT TO US?
• Spiders play an important role as biological control systems in agriculture.
• Spiders help the farmers through pest insect predation. They feed on harmful insects which eat up plant/trees and cause damage to the environment . In the UK, the mass of insects eaten by spiders outweigh the country’s human population.
• Since the number of the Rameshwaram Ornamental Parachute spider is less than 500 today, it is a worrying fact.
SAVING THE RAMESHWARAM ORNAMENTAL PARACHUTE SPIDER
• The spiders numbers need to be increased to save it from extinction.
This can be done by:
- Stopping deforestation in its habitat areas.- Strictly controlling the number of new resorts/tourist
destinations in its habitat like in the tiger sanctuaries.- Planting more tamarind, casuarina and palm trees where
the spiders can mature.- Dedicating a protected area for these spiders.
Endangered Species
By
Kartikeya Thiyam SundaramShaurish Das Gupta
Grade VII - B
G.D.Goenka World School , Gurgaon , India