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Encyclopedia of Membranes
Enrico Drioli • Lidietta GiornoEditors
Encyclopedia ofMembranes
With 968 Figures and 185 Tables
Editors
Enrico DrioliUniversity of CalabriaRende, ItalyLidietta GiornoInstitute on Membrane TechnologyNational Research Council of ItalyITM-CNRRende, Italy
ISBN 978-3-662-44323-1 ISBN 978-3-662-44324-8 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-662-44325-5 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016944015
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole orpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, orby similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedherein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer NatureThe registered company is Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
Preface
The Encyclopedia of Membranes is a reference work that covers all aspects of
membrane science and technology, from basic phenomena to the mostadvanced applications and future perspectives. It is aimed at students, graduatestudents, academic and industrial researchers, and practitioners.The Encyclopedia of Membranes is organized around a list of searchableEntries or Terms, in alphabetical order, giving the user fast and easy access toterminology, description, theory, and application of membrane science.
Entries range from one to several printed pages and are written by one ormultiple authors.
Authors are both from academic institutions, research agencies, andindustries.
The development of the Encyclopedia is undertaken by the Chief Editors,Prof. Enrico Drioli and Dr. Lidietta Giorno, responsible for the selection of thetopics, the terms, and the quality of the contributions. An Advisory Board wasidentified to discuss major items and promote holistic vision of the work. AnEditorial Board assisted the Chief Editors in their activities.
The Encyclopedia of Membranes is a landmark work covering the science,technology, and application of membranes, membrane operations, and relatedfields.
Amembrane is a nanostructured/functionalized thin barrier that controls theexchange phenomena (matter and energy) between two different phases, boththrough the external forces and under the effect of fluid properties, and alsothrough the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane material itself.
Membranes are used in various applications. They differ widely in theirstructure, in their function, and the way they are operated. Membranes may bebiological or synthetic, solid or liquid, homogeneous or heterogeneous, iso-tropic or anisotropic, and it can be a fraction of a micrometer or variousmillimeters thick. The application of different membrane structures and driv-ing forces caused a number of rather different membrane processes such asmicro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, dialysis and electrodialysis,pervaporation, gas separation, membrane contactors (membrane distillation,membrane crystallizer, membrane strippers, membrane scrubbers, membranecondenser, membrane emulsifier), membrane reactors, catalytic membranereactor, etc.
In various fields, membrane operations are already dominant technologies.Interesting examples are in the seawater desalination, in wastewater treatment
v
vi Preface
and reuse, and in biomedical applications. They are of interest in all sectorsstrategic for a sustainable development. They are clean, safe, require lowenergy input, and suitable to promote process intensification. Practically alltypical unit operations of process engineering might be redesigned as mem-brane unit operations.
Membrane operations are largely present, for example, in the followingfields:
• Water treatment and purification• Energy• Gas separation• Solvent treatment and purification• Petrochemical industry (where the integration
of different membrane operations has promising applications)
• Environment• Agro-food and packaging• Biotechnology• Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine• Biorefinery• Pharmaceutical and cosmetic• Microelectronics (OLEDS) (which is becom-ing an area of interesting applications)
Other fields that will exploit more and more membranes’ unique featuresinclude:
• Sensors• Micromanufacturing• Responsive materials• Safety and security• Space
The large spectrum of challenges membrane operations contribute to facetoday and their strong multidisciplinary character suggested to develop thiswork on membrane science and membrane engineering.
Enrico DrioliLidietta Giorno
Acknowledgments
We are very pleased to acknowledge the important help and contribution
received by our colleagues Adele Brunetti, Enrica Fontananova, FrancescaMacedonio, and Rosalinda Mazzei, in the preparation of this Encyclopedia.Their continuous collaboration in keeping all necessary contacts with hun-dreds of colleagues from all around the world, in discussing on the variousunexpected problems for finalizing this work, has been significant. Thank you!We also wish to express grateful thanks to the members of the advisoryboard for their kind availability as well as to all authors for their invaluablecontribution to the work.
Enrico DrioliLidietta Giorno
vii
Editors Biography
Enrico Drioli Emeritus Professor, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
CareerDistinguished Visiting Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Information
Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia (January 2016)Distinguished Adjunct Professor, Center of Excellence in Desalination Tech-
nology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2012)WCU (World Class University) Distinguished Visiting Professor, Department
of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul Korea (2009)Emeritus Professor, School of Engineering of the University of Calabria
(2012)Professor of Chemistry and Electrochemistry at the School of Engineering of
the University of Naples (since 1968–1982)Professor at the School of Engineering of the University of Calabria
(1981–2011)Dean of the School of Engineering of the University of Calabria (1982–1985)Founding Director of the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM) of CNR
(from 2011)Director of the Institute on Membranes and Chemical Reactors of the National
Research Council (1993–2001)Director of the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM) of CNR
(2002–2008)
Research InterestMembranes in artificial organs, integrated membrane processes, membranepreparation transport phenomena, membrane distillation and membranecontactors, catalytic membrane, and catalytic membrane reactors.
ix
x Editors Biography
BiographyCoordinator of the European Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engi-neering (EUDIME).
Scientific Coordinator of various international contracts/agreements:ITM-CNR-KACST, Hydrophobic membrane preparation for membranecontactors application; ITM-CNR-KISR (Kuwait Institute for ScientificResearch), Evaluation of the potentialities of the membrane distillation tech-nology for desalting de-oiled filtered high concentrated saline waters;RHODIA; etc.
Member of the Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) for the KAUST Water Desa-lination and Reuse (WDR) Center from 2010
MIAC International Award for International Collaboration and Promotion(October 2015)
Award with the Academician Semenov Medal of Russian Academy of Engi-neering Science (2014)
Honorary Membership of the Czech Society of Chemical Engineering (2012)2011, “Richard Maling Barrer Prize” of the EMS, for his “outstanding contri-
butions to membrane science and technology”2009, Doctorate Honoris Causa from University of Paul Sabatier of Toulouse,
France2005, International Cooperation Honor Award, Membrane Industry Associa-
tion of China (MIAC) for special dedication to International Cooperationbetween China and Europe in the field of membrane science and technology
2005–Present, Guest Professor, Jiangsu Polytechnic University, China1999, Honorary President, European Membrane Society1992, Doctorate Honoris Causa in Chemistry and Chemical Technology,
Russian Academy of Science1991, Honorary Professor, China Northwest University in Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China1982–1998, President, European Society of Membrane Science and Technol-
ogy (European Membrane Society)
Advisory Board of Journal of Membrane Science, Polish Journal of Chem-ical Technology; Editorial Board of various other international scientificjournals.
Executive Editor: Applied Water Science Journal, Springer Berlin Heidel-berg (Germany) and Membrane Water Technology, Techno Press (Korea).
Editor of more of 750 scientific papers, 22 patents, and 24 books
Editors Biography xi
Lidietta Giorno is serving as the Director of the Institute on MembraneTechnology of the National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, since 2009.
Her research expertise include membrane bioengineering, biocatalyticmembrane reactors, integrated membrane systems for bioseparations and bio-conversions, downstream processing based on molecular separation, mem-brane chirotechnology, membrane emulsifier, and integrated membraneoperations for water treatment. She has been involved in membrane scienceand engineering research and development for some 25 years, and in researchcooperations at European and international levels.
She was awarded the international “Guido Dorso Award” for research in2011, sponsored by the Italian Senate and the University of Naples FedericoII. She was awarded the Sapio Red Carpet Award in 2016 among femalescientists of highest scientific profile who are engaged for the development ofthe country.
She worked abroad in the USA at Sepracor Inc. in 1992, in the Netherlandsat ATO-DLO in 1994, and in France at The University of Compiegne in1997–2000. She is Visiting Professor at Tianjin University of Science andTechnology, China, since 2008.
Lidietta Giorno is coeditor of 8 books, over 110 peer-reviewed scientificpapers in international journals, and coeditor of the Encyclopedia of Mem-branes, Springer, 2016. She is member of the editorial board of scientificjournals, member of the referee pool of scientific journals and research agen-cies, and member of international committees and several scientific societies.
She has served as member of the Board of Directors of the EuropeanMembrane House (EMH, Belgium), formed to continue the activity of theNanoMemPro Network of Excellence funded by the European Commissionwithin the FP6.
She has served on the European Membrane Society Council as the Presi-dent of the EMS Council and the Editor of the EMS Membrane Newsletter.She was nominated Honorary Member of the European Membrane Societyin 2014.
Advisory Board
Bhattacharyya Dibakar University Alumni Professor, Lexington, KY
Tony Fane Nanyang Technological University 18, Nanyang Drive,Singapore, Singapore
Michel Y. Jaffrin Department of Biological Engineering, TechnologicalUniversity of Compiegne, UMR CNRS 6600, Compiegne Cedex, France
Ora Kedem Emeritus Professor of Desalination and Water TreatmentResearch at Ben, Gurion University and also professor at the WeizmannInstitute of Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
William J. Koros Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Chemical andBiomolecular Eng., Atlanta, GA, USA
Kew-Ho Lee National Research Laboratory for Functional Membranes,Environment and Resources, Research Center, Yuseong, Daejeon, SouthKorea
Young Moo Lee Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Donald R. Paul Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas MaterialsInstitute – University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, TX, USA
Heiner Strathmann Institut f€ur Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, UniversitätStuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
Yuri Yampolskii A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis,Moscow, Russia
xiii
Editorial Board
Adele Brunetti ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Enrica Fontananova ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Francesca Macedonio ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Rosalinda Mazzei ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
xv
Contributors
A. Achilli Environmental Resources Engineering Department, HumboldtState University, Arcata, CA, USA
Pejman Ahmadiannamini Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkan-sas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Catia Algieri Institute onMembrane Technology, National Research Councilof Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Aamer Ali Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy,ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Sacide Alsoy Altinkaya Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Insti-tute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
Vitor D. Alves LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture andFood, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa,Portugal
Shota Ando Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku,Kawasaki, Japan
MuhammadWaqas Anjum School of Chemical andMaterials Engineering,National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Alice Antony School of Chemical Engineering, The University of NewSouth Wales, UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, Syd-ney, NSW, Australia
Mario Aparicio Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Adriana Arca-Ramos Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute ofTechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,Spain
Pietro Argurio Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Antonino Salvatore Arico CNR-ITAE Institute, Messina, Italy
Marco Avataneo RD&T, Solvay Specialty Polymers, Bollate (MI), Italy
xvii
xviii Contributors
He Bai Momentive Performance Materials Inc, Friendly, WV, USA
Renbi Bai Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NationalUniversity of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
Malini Balakrishnan The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), NewDelhi, India
Joerg Balster Application Technology, Evonik Fibres GmbH, Schoerfling,Austria
Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh Barakat Department of Environmental Sci-ences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture,King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
Giuseppe Barbieri Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Onita D. Basu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carle-ton University, Ottawa, Canada
Arnaud Baudot Physics and Analysis Division, IFP Energies Nouvelles,Solaize, France
Laurent Bazinet Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec,QC, Canada
Fabio Bazzarelli Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Katalin Belafi-Bako Research Institute of Bioengineering, Membrane Tech-nology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
Marie-Pierre Belleville Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM): UMRCNRS 5635, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
Benny Danilo Belviso Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delleRicerche (C.N.R), Bari, Italy
Juana Benavente Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, Universidad deMalaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Malaga, Spain
Nilay Bereli Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, HacettepeUniversity, Ankara, Turkey
Samuel Bernard Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM2-CNRS,(UMR 5635), Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
A. Moura Bernardes Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(PPGE3M-UFRGS), RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Paola Bernardo Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Contributors xix
Richard Bernewitz Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Tech-nology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Anna Maria Bertasa Solvay Specialty Polymers, Bollate (MI), Italy
Dmitri Bessarabov Faculty of Engineering, DST HySA Infrastructure Cen-ter of Competence, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Chiranjib Bhattacharjee Department of Chemical Engineering, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Maarten Biesheuvel Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for SustainableWater Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
M. R. Bilad Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leu-ven, Heverlee, Belgium
Ángeles Blanco Department of Chemical Engineering, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Carlo Boaretti Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova,Padova, Italy
Cristiana Boi Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e deiMateriali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Przemysław Borys Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology ofPolymers, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland
Karel Bouzek Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry andTechnology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Rune Bredesen Sustainable Energy Technology, SINTEF Materials andChemistry, Oslo, Norway
Eugenio Bringas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
D. J. Broer Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, GroupFunctional Organic Materials and Devices (SFD), Eindhoven University ofTechnology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Stephan Brosillon Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS,(UMR 5635), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Adele Brunetti Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Peter M. Budd Organic Materials Innovation Centre, School of Chemistry,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Vasilis Burganos Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundationfor Research and Technology – Hellas, FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, Hellas
Tomas Bystron Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistryand Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
xx Contributors
Rajnish Kaur Calay Institute for Building, Energy and Material Technol-ogy, University of Tromsø, Navrik, Norway
Energy Technology Research Group, Narvik University College, LodveLanges gt 2, Navrik, Norway
Rocco Caliandro Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Bari, Italy
Anja Car Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Alessio Caravella National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology – Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry,ISC-AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Juergen Caro Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, LeibnizUniversity, Hannover, Germany
Mariolino Carta School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edin-burgh, Scotland, UK
Alfredo Cassano Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Alberto Cassetta Istituto di Cristallografia – CNR UOS di Trieste, Italy
Sophie Cerneaux UMR 5635 ENSCM, CNRS, UM, Institut Européen desMembranes, Montpellier, France
S. K. Chakarvarti Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, India
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Hary-ana, India
Catherine Charcosset Université Lyon 1, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
Tzyy Haur Chong Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, NanyangEnvironment andWater Research Institute; School of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Kwang-Ho Choo Department of Environmental Engineering, KyungpookNational University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Benjamin Chu Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, StonyBrook, NY, USA
Liang-Yin Chu Membrane Science and Functional Materials Group, Schoolof Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Jose Coca Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Uni-versity of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Isabel Coelhoso LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdadede Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Carmela Conidi Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Contributors xxi
Marc Cretin Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS (UMR5635), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
National School of Chemistry of Montpellier, University of Montpellier,Montpellier, France
Alessandra Criscuoli Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Zhaoliang Cui State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engi-neering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing TechUniversity, Nanjing, China
Efrem Curcio Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineeering,University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Napoleone D’Agostino Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council (ITM-CNR), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Naser Dalali Phase Separation and FIA Lab, Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Nguyen Phuoc Dan Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources,University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam
Ranjana Das Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Maria Grazia De Angelis Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica,Ambientale e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Frederico de Araujo Kronemberger COPPE – Chemical Engineering Pro-gram, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Loredana De Bartolo Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Johannes De Bruijn Department of Agroindustry, Food Engineering Group,Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
Giovanni De Filpo Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche,Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Giorgio De Luca Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Mario De Rosa Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotech-nology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University ofNaples, Napoli, Italy
Maria Norberta De Pinho Chemical Engineering, Instituto SuperiorTécnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
xxii Contributors
Winnie Dejonghe Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Instituteof Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
Baolin Deng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univer-sity of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
Adil Denizli Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, HacettepeUniversity, Ankara, Turkey
Renzo Di Felice University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Gianluca Di Profio Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Maria Luisa Di Vona Dip. Di Scienze Technologie Chimiche, University ofRome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Nazely Diban Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantanbria, Spain
George Dibrov A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Laura Donato Institute onMembrane Technology, National Research Coun-cil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Marijana M. Dragosavac Chemical Engineering Department, Loughbor-ough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
Enrico Drioli Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Coun-cil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University ofCalabria, Rende, Italy
WCU Energy Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Seoul, S. Korea
Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Martin Drobek Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpel-lier, Montpellier, France
Gabriela Dudek Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology ofPolymers, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland
Mikel Duke Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineer-ing and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Hoang Hanh Phuoc Duong King Abdullah University of Science and Tech-nology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringDivision (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Sravya Duvvuri Membrane Separations Group, Chemical Engineering Divi-sion, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Contributors xxiii
Piotr Dydo Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Ehiaze Augustine Ehimen Separation and Conversion Technology, FlemishInstitute of Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
Gemma Eibes Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technol-ogy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
M. S. Mohy Eldin Polymer Materials Research Department, AdvancedTechnologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City forScientific Research and Technology Applications (CSRTA), New BorgEl-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
Isabel C. Escobar University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Anthony Gordon Fane Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, NanyangEnvironment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological Univer-sity, Singapore, Singapore
Tony Fane School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New SouthWales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore, Singapore
Mónica Faria Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY,USA
Gumersindo Feijoo Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tech-nology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Ekain Fernandez Energy and Environment, TECNALIA, Donostia-SanSebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
Frederico Castelo Ferreira Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Supe-rior Técnico, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade deLisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Patrick Fievet Institut UTINAM, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon,France
Alberto Figoli Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Gustavo Fimbres Weihs Cátedras CONACYT, Instituto Tecnológico deSonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
Greg Foley School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin,Ireland
Enrica Fontananova Institute onMembrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Patrizia Formoso Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e dellaNutrizione, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
xxiv Contributors
Filomena Freitas UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,Portugal
Karel Friess Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistryand Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Francesco Galiano Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Claudia F. Galinha REQUIMTE-CQFB, Chemistry Dept. Faculdade deCiências e Tecnologia, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus daCaparica, Caparica, Portugal
Fausto Gallucci Chemical Process Intensification, Department of ChemicalEngineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven,The Netherlands
Volker Gaukel Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes Institute on Membrane Technology,National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Geoffrey Geise Department of Chemical Engineering, University ofVirginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Lidietta Giorno Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Zbigniew J. Grzywna Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology ofPolymers, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland
Annarosa Gugliuzza Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Gemma Gutiérrez Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineer-ing, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
May-Britt Hägg Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian Univer-sity of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Vu Pha Hai Greentech Environment Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi MinhCity, Vietnam
Nobuo Hara Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, NationalInstitute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Tao He Lab for Membrane Materials and Separation Technology, ShanghaiAdvanced Research Institute CAS, Shanghai, China
Xuezhong He Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian Universityof Science and Technology, Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway
Contributors xxv
Arash Helmi Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Chemi-cal Process Intensification, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven,The Netherlands
Sanne Hermans Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department ofM2S, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Daphne Hermosilla Department of Chemical Engineering, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Mitsuru Higa Graduate School of Science and Engineering, YamaguchiUniversity, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
A. Higuchi Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NationalCentral University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Nidal Hilal Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and EnvironmentalResearch (CWATER), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea,Wales, UK
W. S. Winston Ho Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Richard G. Holdich Department of Chemical Engineering, LoughboroughUniversity, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
R. W. Holloway Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
Benjamin S. Hsiao Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY, USA
Shu-Hau Hsu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
Yan Huang State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineer-ing, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing,China
Alessandra Imbrogno Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
University of Calabaria, Rende, Italy
Christophe Innocent Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM, CNRS,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Angel Irabien Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Inorgánica,Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Advanced Membrane Technology ResearchCentre (AMTEC), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
xxvi Contributors
Juhana Jaafar Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre(AMTEC), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Marijke Jacobs Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute forTechnological Research – VITO, Mol, Belgium
Michel Jaffrin Department of Biological Engineering, Technological Uni-versity of Compiegne, BP 20529, Compiegne Cedex, France
Johannes Carolus Jansen Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Lan Ying Jiang School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central SouthUniversity, Changsha, China
Zhongyi Jiang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Wanqin Jin State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineer-ing, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
Daniel Johnson Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and Environmen-tal Research (CWATER), College of Engineering, Swansea University,Swansea, Wales, UK
D. M. Jovanović Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy(I.Ch.T.M.), Center of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University ofBelgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Anne Julbe Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier,Montpellier, France
Nora Jullok School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Mari Kallioinen Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta,Finland
Shinji Kanehashi Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University,Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
H. Kawakita Department of Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Saga,Japan
A. P. Kharitonov Talrose Branch of the Institute of Energy Problems ofChemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region,Russia
Jeong F. Kim Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University,Seoul, South Korea
Benjamin F. K. Kingsbury Imperial College London, London, UK
Vladimir S. Kislik Campus Givat Ram, Casali Institute of Applied Chemis-try, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Contributors xxvii
Chalida Klaysom Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven,Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
P. Knauth Madirel UMR 7246, Aix Marseille University-CNRS, MarseilleCedex, France
Isao Kobayashi National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture andFood Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
N. M. Kocherginsky Biomime, Urbana, IL, USA
G. Kolb Product Sector Energy and Chemistry, Fraunhofer ICT-IMM,Mainz, Germany
A. B. Koltuniewicz Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Division,Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Tech-nology, Warsaw, Poland
Andras Koris Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
Zoltán Kovács Department of Food Engineering, Institue of Bioengineeringand Process Engineering, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary
Boguslaw Kruczek Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Ashwani Kumar Institute of Chemical Process and Environmental Technol-ogy, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Kripal S. Lakhi Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnol-ogy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Doriano Lamba Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council,Trieste, Italy
Marek Lanč University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6,Czech Republic
W. J. Lau Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Thi Xuan Huong Le Vanlang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Pierre Le-Clech School of Chemical Engineering, The University of NewSouth Wales, UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology,Sydney, NSW, Australia
Kew-Ho Lee Center for Membranes, Korea Research Institute of ChemicalTechnology (KRICT), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
Cecile Legallais UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering,Université de Technologie de Compiegne (UTC), Compiegne, France
Raymond L. Legge Department of Chemical Engineering, University ofWaterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
xxviii Contributors
Juan M. Lema Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technol-ogy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Gerardo León Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental,Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
Geoffroy Lesage Institut Européen des membranes, IEM, UMR-5635,Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Baoqiang Liao Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University,Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
Hongyu Li UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, TheUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Jianxin Li State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and MembraneProcesses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin PolytechnicUniversity, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Na Li Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineer-ing and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, China
Xianhui Li State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and MembraneProcesses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin PolytechnicUniversity, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Yanshuo Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of ChemicalPhysics, CAS, Dalian, China
Yifan Li School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Univer-sity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Haiqing Lin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Univer-sity at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Frank Lipnizki Alfa Laval Copenhagen, Søborg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Fu Liu Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
Wei Liu Energy and Environment Technology Directorate, Pacific NorthwestNational Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Jordi Llorca Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica deCatalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Lucia Lloret Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department,Federico Santa Maria Technical University, Santiago, Chile
Juan Manuel López-Romero Departamento de Quimica Organica,Universidad de Malaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Malaga, Spain
Alessandra Lorenzetti Department of Industrial Engineering, University ofPadova, Padova, Italy
Contributors xxix
Thelmo Lu-Chau Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tech-nology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Diego Luna Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba,Cordoba, Spain
Herb Lutz EMD Millipore Corporation, Playa del Rey, CA, USA
Hongyang Ma Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, StonyBrook, NY, USA
Angela C. Macedo LEPABE – Laboratory of Engineering of Processes,Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Francesca Macedonio Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University ofCalabria, Rende, Italy
Sayed S. Madaeni Membrane Research Center, Chemical EngineeringDepartment, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Hacene Mahmoudi Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology,University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria
Swachchha Majumdar Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glassand Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
F. XavierMalcata DEQ –Department of Chemical Engineering and LEPABE– Laboratory of Engineering of Processes, Environment, Biotechnology andEnergy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Mario Malinconico Research Director, Institute for Polymers, Compositesand Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
Reyes Mallada Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineeringand Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
María Matos Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Davide Mattia Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath,Bath, UK
Rosalinda Mazzei Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Beatriz Mello UFSCar, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Buri, SP, Brazil
Adelio Mendes Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Julie Mendret Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS(UMR 5635), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
xxx Contributors
Miguel Menendez Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineer-ing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Antonietta Messina Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Bart Michielsen Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute forTechnological Research – VITO, Mol, Belgium
Vesna Middelkoop Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO,Mol, Belgium
Martine Mietton-Peuchot Vine and Wine Sciences Institute, Universite deBORDEAUX, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Antonella Milella Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “AldoMoro”, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Bari, Italy
Francesca Militano Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Ubavka B. Mioč Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade,Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Ilaria Mirabelli HyGear B.V. Westervoortsedijk, AV, Arnhem, TheNetherlands
Hossein Mirsaeedghazi Department of Food Technology, AbouraihanCollege, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
Michele Modesti Department of Industrial Engineering, University ofPadova, Padova, Italy
Khayet Mohamed Department of Applied Physics, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
P. K. Mohapatra Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic ResearchCentre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Z. D. Mojović Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy(I.Ch.T.M.), Center of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University ofBelgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Raffaele Molinari Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorioe Ingegneria Chimica (DIATIC), Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
M. Concepción Monte Department of Chemical Engineering, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Seung-Hyeon Moon School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
Contributors xxxi
María. T. Moreira Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engi-neering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,Spain
Sabrina Morelli Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Carlos Moreno Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine andEnvironmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
Siddhartha Moulik Membrane Separations Group, Chemical EngineeringDivision, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Philippe Moulin Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et ProcédésPropres (M2P2-UMR 7340), Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), AixMarseille Université, AIX en PROVENCE, France
Z. V. P. Murthy Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Insti-tute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
Kazukiyo Nagai Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
Harsha Nagar Membrane Separations Group, Chemical Engineering Divi-sion, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Hiroki Nagasawa Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima Univer-sity, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Endre Nagy Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering,University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
Mitsutoshi Nakajima Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univer-sity of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Zoran P. Nedić Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade,Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Carlos Negro Department of Chemical Engineering, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute edella Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Johanna Niemistö Helsinki Region Chamber of Commerce, EnterpriseEurope Network, Helsinki, Finland
Suzana Pereira Nunes Division of Biological and Environmental Sciencesand Engineering, Nanostructured Polymeric Membranes Lab, King AbdullahUniversity of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe College of Engineering, Swansea University,Swansea, UK
xxxii Contributors
Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr. Sao Carlos Institute of Physics – IFSC, University ofSao Paulo – USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
B. S. Ooi School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Immaculada Ortiz Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
M. H. D. Othman Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre(AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
N. Othman Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Mehmet A. Oturan Laboratory of Earth Materials and Environment,University Paris-Est, Marne La vallée, Champs-sur-Marne, France
David A. Pacheco Tanaka Energy and Environment, TECNALIA,Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
Leonardo Palmisano Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneriadell’Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), Università di Palermo,Palermo, Italy
Fabio Palumbo Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”,Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Bari, Italy
Chi Hoon Park Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology(GNTECH), Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic Of Korea (South Korea)
Donald R. Paul Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Insti-tute, Austin, TX, USA
Radoslav Paulen Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering,Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Carmen Pazos Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Graeme K. Pearce Membrane Consultancy Associates Limited, Reading,RG8 7EJ, UK
Ludmila Georgieva Peeva Imperial College London, London, UK
Jinming Peng Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministryof Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Uni-versity, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Francois Perreault School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Envi-ronment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Thijs Peters SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway
Contributors xxxiii
Emma Piacentini Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Monica Pica University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Perugia, Italy
Antonella Piscioneri Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Teresa Poerio Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Coun-cil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Carla A. M. Portugal REQUIMTE-LAQV, Chemistry Department, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
Gérald Pourcelly Institut Europeen des Membranes, CC 047, UniversiteMontpellier II, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, France
Gonzalo Prieto Max-Planck-Institut f€ur Kohlenforschung, M€ulheim an derRuhr, Germany
Pushpinder S. Puri PuriMem, LLC, Emmaus, PA, USA
Saren Qi Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity, Singapore, Singapore
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR
Xianghong Qian Department of Biomedical Engineering, University ofArkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Damien Quemener Institut Européen des Membranes, Montpellier, France
Cejna Anna Quist-Jensen Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University ofCalabria, Rende, Italy
Mukhlis bin A. Rahman Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engi-neering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim,Malaysia
Fen Ran School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratoryof Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, LanzhouUniversity of Technology, Lanzhou, P. R. China
Giuseppe Ranieri Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
xxxiv Contributors
Maria A. M. Reis UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica,Portugal
Gilbert M. Rios Place Eugene Bataillon, IEM – European Membrane Insti-tute, Montpellier, France
Tania Rodenas Max Planck Institute f€ur Chemische Energiekonversion,M€ulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Denis Roizard Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
Virginia Romero Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, Universidad deMalaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Malaga, Spain
Martina Roso Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova,Padova, Italy
Stephanie Roualdes IEM/UM II – CC 047, Place Eugene Bataillon, Mont-pellier, France
René Ruby-Figueroa Institute on Membrane Technology, NationalResearch Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Aleksandra Rybak Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology ofPolymers, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland
Jose Sabate Department d’Enginyeria Agroalimentaria i Biotecnologia,Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain
Keiji Sakaki National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technol-ogy (AIST), Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,Japan
Simona Salerno Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Marius Sandru Polymer Particles and Surface Chemistry, Materials andChemistry, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
Tsuneji Sano Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University,Graduate School of Engineering, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Giulio C. Sarti Department of Chemical Engineering, Mining and Environ-mental Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Shuichi Sato Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku,Kawasaki, Japan
Yamini Satyawali Separation and Conversion Technology, VlaamseInstelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, Belgium
Contributors xxxv
Thomas Schäfer Institute for Polymer Materials (Polymat), University of theBasque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
A. P. H. J. Schenning Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry,Group Functional Organic Materials and Devices (SFD), Eindhoven Univer-sity of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Chiara Schiraldi Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Bio-technology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University ofNaples, Napoli, Italy
Colin A. Scholes Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Marco Scholz Aachener Verfahrenstechnik –Chemical Process Engineering,RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Karin Schroen Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, WageningenUniversity and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Anna Schuch Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Heike Schuchmann Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute ofTechnology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Dwaipayan Sen Department of Chemical Engineering, Heritage Institute ofTechnology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Laurentia Setiawan Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, NanyangEnvironment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological Univer-sity, Singapore, Singapore
Jiahui Shao School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ShanghaiJiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Cameron Shearer School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, FlindersUniversity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, NorthRhine–Westphalia, Germany
Tauqir A. Sherazi Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Infor-mation Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Jiafu Shi School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin Univer-sity, Tianjin, China
Ryohei Shindo Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
Barbara Siembida-Lösch Centre for Alternative Wastewater Treatment,Fleming College, Lindsay, ON, Canada
xxxvi Contributors
Wolfgang M. Sigmund Department of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
Veronica Silva Dow Water and Process Solution Division at The DowChemical Company, Boulevard Cecilia Grierson 355, Buenos Aires,Argentina
S. T. V. Sim Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environ-ment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore, Singapore
Silvia Simone Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Coun-cil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Eugene Skouras Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation forResearch and Technology, Hellas, Patras, Hellas
Jose M. Sousa Chemistry Department, School of Life and EnvironmentSciences, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnologyand Energy, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
S. Sridhar Membrane Separations Group, Chemical Engineering Division,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Heiner Strathmann Universität Stuttgart, Institute of Chemical ProcessEngineering Stuttgart, Baden-W€urttemberg, Germany
Anna Strzelewicz Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology,Gliwice, Poland
Yanlei Su School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Univer-sity, Nankai, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Shing-Yi Suen Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung HsingUniversity, Taichung, Taiwan
Guofei Sun Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Aquaporin Asia Pte.Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
Sridhar Sundergopal Membrane Separations Group, Chemical EngineeringDivision, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
Stanislaus Raditya Suwarno Singapore Membrane Technology Centre,Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Petr Sysel Department of Polymers, Institute of Chemical Technology,Prague, Czech Republic
Guttorm Syvertsen-Wiig Ceramic Powder Technology AS, Tiller, Norway
Contributors xxxvii
Gyorgy Szekely School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Roberto Taboada-Puig Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute ofTechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,Spain
Chung Tai-Shung Neal National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore
Yoshinobu Tanaka IEM Research, Ushiki-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
Chuyang Y. Tang Department of Civil Engineering, The University of HongKong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR
Franco Tasselli Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Bui Xuan Thanh Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Universityof Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Kalsang Tharpa Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore,India
Elena Tocci Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Councilof Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Maria Tomaszewska Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering,West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Carles Torras Font Bioenergy and Biofuels, Catalonia Institute for EnergyResearch (IREC), Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
Bijay P. Tripathi Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz Instituteof Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Francesco Trotta Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino,Italy
Toshinori Tsuru Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima Univer-sity, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Marian Turek Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology,Gliwice, Poland
Deniz T€urkmen Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division,Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Tadashi Uragami Organization for Research and Development of Innova-tive Science and Technology (ORDIST), Kansai University, Suita, Osaka,Japan
xxxviii Contributors
Mohamad Hekarl Uzir School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Penang, Malaysia
B. Aakruthi Vaishnavi Membrane Separations Group, Chemical Engineer-ing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad,India
César Valderrama Department of Chemical Engineering, UniversitatPolitècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Bart Van der Bruggen Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engi-neering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
P. C. van H. Kuringen Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry,Group Functional Organic Materials and Devices (SFD), Eindhoven Univer-sity of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Ivo Vankelecom Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven,Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
Todor Vasiljevic Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Healthand Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
C. V. Vedavyasan Department of Technology, Annamalai University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Tanja Vidakovic-Koch Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of ComplexTechnical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
Loreen O. Villacorte FMC Technologies, Separation Innovation andResearch Center, Arnhem, The Netherlands
Giuseppe Vitola Institute on Membrane Technology, National ResearchCouncil of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
Goran T. Vladisavljević Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughbor-ough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
Alexey Volkov A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RussianAcademy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), Moscow, Russia
V. V. Volkov A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RussianAcademy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), Moscow, Russian Federation
Diogo Volpati Sao Carlos Institute of Physics – IFSC, University of SaoPaulo – USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Bo Wang Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London,London, UK
Honglei Wang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,jMedtech Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
Contributors xxxix
Rong Wang Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environ-ment and Water Research Institute; School of Civil and Environmental Engi-neering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Shaofei Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Xiaoli Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Zhi Wang Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of ChemicalEngineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Zhiwei Wang Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Envi-ronmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
S. Ranil Wickramasinghe Ralph E Martin Department of ChemicalEngineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Dianne Wiley School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, TheUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Paul Melvyn Williams College of Engineering, Swansea University,Swansea, UK
Daniel Winter Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE),Freiburg, Germany
Chunrui Wu State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materialsand Membrane Processes, Institute of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
HongWu School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Univer-sity, Nankai, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
YvanWyart CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe ProcédésMembranaires (EPM), Aix Marseille Université, Aix en Provence Cedex,France
Tongwen Xu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for EnergyMaterials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Scienceand Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
Yuri Yampolskii A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Dong Yang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Handan Yavuz Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, HacettepeUniversity, Ankara, Turkey
Jun Yin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University ofMissouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
xl Contributors
Masakazu Yoshikawa Department of Biomolecular Engineering, KyotoInstitute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
Miki Yoshimune Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),Tsukuba, Japan
S. M. Javaid Zaidi Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotech-nology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz Institute of Nuclear Chemistry andTechnology Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej, Warszawa, Poland
Li-Zhi Zhang Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conserva-tion, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Chen Zhang School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta,GA, USA
Jianhua Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School ofChemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology,Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Yuzhong Zhang School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Poly-technic University, Tianjin, China
Jing Zhao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Uni-versity, Nankai, Tianjin, China
Xueting Zhao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Nankai, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Pei Shan Zhong Functionalized Materials and Nanostructures/GlobalResearch Centre Singapore (GMM/F), BASF South East Asia Pte Ltd.,Singapore, Singapore
Li-Ping Zhu MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis andFunctionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoying Zhu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NationalUniversity of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
AndrewL. Zydney Department of Chemical Engineering, The PennsylvaniaState University, University Park, PA, USA
