En the Fundamentals of Islam

8/13/2019 En the Fundamentals of Islam

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THE FUNDAMENTALSOFISLAM

SHAIKHUL.ISLAMMUHAMMAD BIN SULAIMANAT-TAMIMI

Transleted by:Muhammad bin Ridha Murad


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We seek he helpof Allah, and ask Him toblessandpraiseour ProphetMuhammad, ishousehold,ndcompanions.Q- What are the Fundamentalshat evervMusl im must earn?1: t ] Knowledge, har s, knowing Allah,His Propher, nd the retigionof Islamwithits textualproofs.2) Application f thisknowledge.lI t, tr.very mportanrounderstandhemeaningf"appl icar ion" n th is conrexr ,par t icu lar ly i i t t rregardso knowingAllah. I t means,irst, hai Allahalone s wor thy .o f being_loved nd worshipped.Second,He is the only Creatorupon Whom al lreatures epend or their meansof subsistence.the DivineAtrr ibutes ndbeautiful ames fl lah can never be appl ied to His crearures.pplication lsomeanshatAllah, heExalted,s farrom every mperfection, nd there s none


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3) Preachingnowledge4) Enduringwith patiencewhateversuchapplicationandpreachingmay entail.2Q-What is the textual proof of the abovefundamentals?A- Thewordsof Allah:

ilr -I ttJ.tt5rf 4i-lt lt.rj / Ol-'yl Ol .rr.J , )G- I ).J..,J| iup G-ttr V$ }LU.VW

like Him. "Applicationof knowingtheMcsscngcr fAllah means-lbving nd cveringhimmorcthananyotherhumanbeing,andobservinghis Sunnah, ndmaking surethat-it takespreceiience ver mcn'sopinionsn all cases.M.M.l2-Onemust ndurewith patience verything,whileobserving ll theactsof worship, efrain rom allactsof disobedience, nd esistwhimsandpervened esires.Calamities ndmisfortunesmustilso befacedwithpatienceM.M-l


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(I swear)By the time.l Surely,man s in (astateof) loss,Except hosewho believeanddo good deeds,and exhort one another oaccept he truth,and who exhortone anotherto endure(the consequenceshereofwith)patience.2a- What were Imam ash-Shaf i 'ee 'scommentson this surah?

I This is an oathmadeby Allah stressinghatonlythosewho believeanddo gooddeedswill prosper.talso constitutesproof of the four fundamentalsstatedabove: l) His words "thosewho believe"refer to knowledge; "do good deeds" refers toapplication, nd "...exhort neanothero accepthetruth" refers to preaching.And "endure wi thpatience" efers o consequencesf preaching ndqrocla iminghe ruth. M.M.Jz Surah 103.


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A- He said: Were hisAllah hadsentdownto

to be the only surahHis slaves, t wouldhavebeenenough or them."3Q-shouldapplicationprecede nowledge,or viceversa?4A- Knowledge must Precede bothapplication nddeeds, s signifiedby thewords f Allah:

( .rUrilb.li,,jJlr t,:J j)E-,ltalll ) dN .,1..trU )

3 Ibn Katheercited a similar quotationby ash-Shafiee n his commenton the abovesurah." lfpeopleconsider he meaningof this s-urah,t wouldbeenough or them." bn Katheer xplained n Ash-Shafiee'istatement y saying: "becauset containsthecentral lements f virtue." M.M.l4 This means that one must acquirerel igiousknowledge irst beforemaking statements, r evenbefore ferforming any religious function. Forinstance, ne must know how to pray beforeheprays. So knowledgemust come beforedeedsandutterances.M.M.l


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And know there s no God but Allah, andseek orgivenessor your sins,andfor thebelievers.llmam al-Bukharicommented n the aboveverse, aying:Thus Al lah opened the verse with thecommand of acquir ing knowledge andfo l lowed i t wi th the command ofapplication.2I Surah 47.192 To give an example,on cannot pray beforelearning how to pray. There are many Muslimcountries n which Allah's laws are not applied.Some slamicparties,however,believe hat f theexisting overnments toppledby a coupd'dtat, rtheheadof state s assassinated,he awsof Allahcanbe appliedovernight.This is proven o be sheerwishfulthinking. n order o establish rrue slamicstate,he subjects f therespective overnmentmustf i rs t be prepared o accepr the Is lamic state,internally swell asexternally. hebest xamplewehave s theMessengerf Allah,peace e uponhim.


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Q-What are the three acts hat mustbelearnedandobserved?A- Allahhascreated sandsupplied swithour means f subsistence,ndHe hasnotneglected s. He sent us a Messenger.Whoeverobeys he Messenger,eacebeuponhim, shallbe admittedo Jannah, ndwhoever isobeysimshallenterHell-Fire.Q- What is theproofof the above?A- Thewordsof Allah:He did not establish he lslamic polity before hehimself mmigrated o Madinah.He first madesurethe grass-rootswere saturatedwith the correctaqeedah.Only then he movedon to Madinah.Thearrival of the Messenger f Allagh to Madinahmarks he birth of the Islamicpolity.This fact maybe realizedby observing hat the verses evealed nMakkahdealwith the creeds, nd enets f tawheed,or monotheism,whereas he Madinanversesdealwi th acts of worship and transact ion, .e . ,application.M.M.l


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sln .),1-);tytLu-J F.


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And theplacesof worship3 elong o Allah.ThereforeworshipnonebesideAllah.4

Whoeverobeys he Messenger,eacebeupon Him, andbelievesn the Oneness fAllah is not allowed o befriend hosewhoopposeAllah andHis Messenger,eace euponhim, even f theyare heclosest f hiskin.Q- What is the textualproofof the above?A-Thewordsof Allahlils Jr t .-,bt3r- itybt;\r j11gyla -u { r ISleJfr-r:rJ* ell fr&rtr;5_;1jJ.G.ttl."J(.-.gup+L3 "Placcsof worship" in this context, such asmosques, hurches, r synagogues pplies o thoseassigned or the people who received DivineScriptures. llah knowsbest. M.M.]4 Surah# 72.18


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You shallnot find anypeoplewho believenAllah and the Final Day loving thosewhoopposeAllah and His Messenger,ven ifthey are their fathersof their sonsor theirbrothersor their tribe.Thoseare he ones nwhoseheartsAllahhas nstalledman(faith)andwhomHe supports ith His strength.lQ- What is theHanifiyyahz of the religionof Ibrahim?A- HaniJiyyah s to devote incerely ll actsof worship o Allahalone. his s whatAl lahhas enjo inedon a l l people,and for th isreasonHe hascreatedhem.

I Surah 58.222 Hani f iyyaf t , inguis t ica l ly peaking,sfrom any alse eligion o the rue eligion,and emainingirmly therein.M.M.]i nc l n nga l - l s lam,


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Q- What s heproofof theabove?A- Thewords f Allah:( ir+-J )l ;)9 ;4t c-lu t 1)

I havecreated he inn and he men only thattheyshouldworshipMe.3Q- What is the meaningof " to worsh ipMet t?A- To professAllah's Oneness, el ievingthat Allah is the One Who commands ndWho imposes rohibitions.Q- What is the greatest h ing Al lah hasenjoined?A- At-Tawheed..e.monotheism.Q- What is Monotheisrn?A- Monotheisms declaring l lah to be theonly god who deserveso be worshippedn3 Surah 51 .56


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truth, and confirming the attributeswithwhich He has qualifiedHimself and thoseattributedo Him by His Messenger,eacebe uponhim. Tawheed s alsobelieving hatAl lah is far removed from everyimper fect ion and from hudoo h, l orresemblingHis creatures.Q- What is the greatest hing Allah hasforbidden?A- The greatesthing Allah hasforbidden sShirkor polytheism.Q- What is polytheism?A- Worshippingother gods besideAllah,and setting up rivals to Allah who hascreated ou.I Hudooth. is of two kinds,one related o time,which signif ies hata thingswaspreceded y non-existence r wasbrought nto existence fter t wasnoth ing,and essent ia l udoothwhich s a th ingsdependenceponanother or its existence. eitherof he two kindsapply o Allah, heExalted.M.M.l


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Q- What is the proof of the above?A- The wordsof Allah:('r+., lff $dJrbr.b)

And worshipAllah and associate onewithHim."2 And (Lr.ul. bt/yl) ,'Sodo not setequals o Allah while you know (there snoneequal o Him)."1Q- What are the three fundamentals hatman must know?A- The first is that one must know one'sRubb, one's religion and one's Prophet,Muhammad, eace e uponhim.Q- Who is your Rubb?A- My Rubb is Allah, who has nourishedand fosteredme and the restof menand innwith His bounties.He is the God Whom Iworshipand otherthanWhom I haveno god.2 Surah 4.36I Surah 2.22


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Q- What is the proof of that?A-Al lah'swords ( &luJl,.dJ r-lt) "A I praiseis due o the Rubbof theworlds."Everything ther hanAllah is a world,andbelong o oneof His worlds.Q- How did you knorvyour Rubb?A- I haveknownHim throughHis signsandcreatures: the night, the day, the sun, themoon, the sevel" l eavens, nd the sevenearth's2 ndall that s betweenhem.Q- What is the proof of all that?A-His words:)1 .J-j 5.r+J ) ,.-iJ5.rgU.rl-rJb J-Urct+i,,..r)( ,,ll :.d.t+la:S Jl ;-f-ib g jJrr-lJ 9.r4-t1 .--ill

2 Lest onebeconfusedwith regard o thenumberofcarth's, the referenceto them is made in thefollowing verse"Allah s He Who created even eavens,ndof theearth he ike thereof."65'12M'M.]


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And among His signsare rhe night and theday,and the sunand the moon.Prostrate otyourselveso the sunnor to themoon,but toAllah alonewho hascreated hem, f it is HeWhomyou reallyworship.lAnd His words:6Pt i ftJ "- +;r)t, crrr--lr.il; gi.trr-Ura


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Q-Who is the Rubb?A- The Rubb is the Master, he Proprietor,the One who brings nto existencehingsfrom nothing. He is the only God whodeserveso be worshipped,Q- What is the proof of this fact?A- Thewordsof Allah:f5li ;r itjJlr # ,5iJr -3-_2t1.r_rr,,LJr _tq )Jyl2t4.L-J5'u-H ;r r F.(.lJ-* \riJt..ir4, r_fJ^Jd, lr-L^ :u ..


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The OneWho hascreatedhesehings s theOneWhodeservesobeworshiPPed.Q- What is worship?A-Worship is absolute devotion andobedience ithhumilityandsubmissiveness,to Allah andabsoluteoveandadoration fthe One to whom this is owed. In otherwords,worship s a conclusive efinitioncomprising eeds ndwords hatAllah ovesand approves,whether manifestedorhidden.2Q- How many orms of worshiphasAllahenjoined?A- Allah, the Exalted, asenjoinedmanyforms of worship.Of them are the fivepillarsof Islam, hearticles f iman(faith),watchfulnessand adherence o Hiscommands,upplication,earof Allah,hopein His mercy,committing ffairs o Allah,fear with reverence,eekingHis aid and2 "Manifest" efers o physical ctionswhereas"hidden"eferso tenets ndcreeds.tM.M.]


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protection nd elief,sacrificing ninrals,ndvowsandotheractsof worshipwhichAllahhascomnrandednd enjoined, l l of whichmustbe dedicatedo Him alone.Q- What is the proof of the above?A- Thewordsof Allah:'{ta-i"tlre Vr;)u .JJ.qtJr )And theplaces f worshipbelong o Allah.Therefore, orshipnonebesideAllah.And He said:(.Llr lbrd)i 4)sj;r>

And your Lordhasdecreedhatyou worshipnonebut Him. IQ-What is the rul ing concerning ne vhodevotes ny act of worship to other thanAl lah?A- Whoeverdedicates ny act of worship oother than Al lah is a poly the is tand anunbeliever,even if he performs prayer,I Surah17.23


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observesasting, erforms ajj,or allegesobea Muslim.2Q- What is theproofof theabove?A- Thewordsof Allah:e$ cte2b qL. Ul,qd Lr.;1);iU1O'g g+;r, )(ireritSltAndhewhocallson another odalongwithAllah, for whichhe hasno proof,shallbeheldaccountableor thisby Allah, or surelythedisbelieversever rosper.3a- What is the proof of the fact thatsupplicationsanact of worship?A- Allah'swords:rirl-, V ;,tyS-+ir.iJl i{ fJ .-r.-l is*ttFr.lUr )la.-.ttcr+ oru+-2Therearedeviantsectswhoclaim to be Muslimsyet theybelieve hat heir mamsor leaders ossessdivinepower o influence hecourse f things n thisworld or theworld to come. M.M.l3 Surah 23.117


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And your Lord said, Callon Me and wil lrespond o you. Ver i ly , those who arearrogant n rejectingworshipof Me shal lenterHell-Fire espised.'4And the sayingof the Prophet, eacebeuponhim, : "Suppl icat ions the essencefworship."And in another arration:"Supplicationsworship.lQ- What is the proof of the fact that fearof Al lah is an actof worship?A- Thewordsof Al lah:

I uuy;s,.r .ryL-.e 9^.1,llX )And do not fear hern,but fear Me, i f you are( t rue)be l ievers .2

4 Surah 40.60I At-Tirmidthi, bn Majah,& Ahmad.2 Surah 3.175


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a- What is the proof of the fact thathoping or the mercyof Allah s an act ofworship?A-Thewords f Allah:( i.r-l r,; i.r\a :|"| f1'Uf- i-r rL+ 1.r.tiJf. t ;rSg )So let him who hopes o meethis Lord dogood deeds,and let h im worsh ip nonebesides l lah.3a- What is the proof of the fact thattrustingAllah is an act of worship?A- The wordsof Allah:

(;*yds il lrspd'J,r)And dependon Al lah i f you are ( t rue)believers.4

( t-- .1+ilJl * ,fn,l:)

3 Su ra h 1 8 .1 1 04 Surah 5.23


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And Allah s suff icientor whoever ependsn Him.5- What is the proof for the fact thathe ntercy of Al lah, and fear ofpunishrnent, nd humbleness re actsf worship?wordsof Al lah:

U lir5r +r,l+JYf +t.r il ,t;tfr41;S,..t)used to vie with one another n goodand they calledor-rUs with desirearrdand theyhumbled hemselvesor Us.r

- What is the proo f o f the fac t tha t(or fear u, i th reverence) s anof worsh ip?The wordso f A l lah :( i*rt, "-.J >r.,

Surah 65.3Surah 21.90


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Sodo not fear hem,but fearMe.2Q- What is the proof for the fact thatrepentance s an act of worship?A- His words:

(.J bLlrF-r.llbjl, )And repent o your Lord andsubmit o Him.3Q - What is the proof of the fact thatseekingsupport from AIIah is an act ofworship?A- Allah'swords:

{ ;e,*;:JLlrer-Jr:l)You alonedo we worship,and from Youalonedo we seekhelp.a

2 Surah 5.33 Surah 39.544 Surah 1.4


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And the Prophetic radit ion: "And if youseek elp,seek elp rom Allah."sQ - What is the proof of the fact thatseeking he protectionof Allah is an act ofrvorship?A- Thewordsof Allah:

(.rrur^'u- r ,urr.r tr \r l lSay, l seek efuge n the Lord of mankind,theKing of mankirrd.rQ - What is the proof of the fact thatask ing for the a id of Al lah is an act ofworship?A- Thewordsof Al lah:( Ajt,.if'rtr .;r -iJL t'- ii rg .rl+g-U f; .i;;:; ;15 This Prophetic statement s part of a long hadeerh n whichthe Prophet, peacebe upon him, insfucted Abdullah binAbbas,may Allah be pleasedwith him, saying: "Young ladObserveAllah, now He preserves ou. ObserveAllah, for youwill l ind him aheadof you. If you ask,ask Allah, and if youseekhelp, seekAllah's help..." At Tirmidthi. [M.M.]1 Surah 114.1.2


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And when you sought he aid of Al lah, Herespondedo you,(saying),l Am aidingyouwi th a thousandangels fo l lowing oneanother."2Q - What is the proof of the fact thatsacrificinganimals s an act of worship?A- His words:. +r.J.:l.j ) .alUlv.r d it, ,5t-e..if;lpx.. i .tr )(;1.i-tr{i u .r7iSay, My prayerand my sacri f ice, nd mylife and deathare all for Allah, the Lord ofthe worlds.He has no partner.This I amcommanded,nd I am the irst of thosewhosubmit.rAnd theprooffromtheSunnah,s thesayingof the Prophet, eace e uponhim: "Al lah

2 Surah 9.93 Surah 6.162


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curses he person who sacrifices or otherthanAllah."Q-What is the proof of the fact thatvowing s an act of worship?A- The wordsof Allah:

( . "tr.-.; i,ttL, oyB_ejJ Jla)They fulfill their vows, and they fear a Dayof widespread oe.rQ- What is the secondundamental?A- Knowing the rel igionof Islam and itstextualproofs.Q- What is Islam?A- Islam s submissiono Allah, believing nHis Oneness,omplyingobedientlywith Hiscommands, nddenouncing olytheismandits adherents.1 Surah#76.7Thc Day rcferecd o in this vcrse s theDayof Resurrection.M.M.l


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Q- What are the levelsof Islam?Islam Iman and hsan Eachof theseevelshas tsownpil lars.Q- What are the pillarsof Islam?A- Thepillarsof IslamareFive:. The Testimonyof Faith(dJt.rr.r..: ;rU.Jt)there s no god, in truth, but Al lah, andMuhammads theMessengerf Allah.. Performing rayer. Giving out Zakat. Observing he ast n Ramadhan. Performing i grimageQ-What is the Qur 'an ic proof of theTestimony f Faith?A-Thewordsof Allah. he Exalted:,| )l .J u 'rLUu r^lr L igr 9 )tdt) cldJr# )(.


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Allah bearswitness hat there s no god butHe-(and so do) the angels, and thcsepossessed f knowledge,standing irm forjustice.There s no god but He, the Mighty'theWise.rQ- What is the meaningof ( dJr) '41 )"There is no godbut Allah?"A- There is no god who truly desenveso beworshipped ut Allah alone.What is the meaningof ( dlv ) "There isno God?"2It meansdenying al l deit ies worshippedbesideAllah.

I Surah .182 Thisquestion nd hequestion hich ollows t aredesignedto give ull meaningo the esilmony f faith,whichcanbedivlded ntotwo segments:he irst segmenttandsor denialof all deities tat areworshipped ther hanor besideAllah,anclhesccond egmentunds or firmly dcdicating ll actsofworshipoAllahalone.M.M.j


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Q- What is the meaning of (oryt ) "butAl lah?"A- It is confirming hat worshipmust bedevoted to Allah alone with no partnersworshipped esideHim, as He hasno onetoshareHis domain.Q-What verse c lar i f ies the abovestatement?'A- The wordsof Allah:dl.J li {.LJl l irrrd tr nn i -y.r .r erJJu i1, )1;tr."rrU * rtVL:.JS +L+r ir.*4-And when Ibrahimsaid o his fatherand hispeople: "I renouncewhat you worship. lworshiplonly Him Who createdme,He willguideme. And he made t a wordr to remain3 It is said hat he"word" eferredo in theversesthe tcstimony f faith, ( ), which s rhewordofIslam.lbnKathir).M.M.J


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amonghis posterityso that heymight retumlto Allahl.rAnd His words:$ dlr) r+ l f+, t- . r- ;Js .tl rJw.',l5Jt tttt,"lllttljtVt; J|r.lllrrre;r. Url fi* r-:i.'. i'A+ 5 t-:rr:y.lF( . .ir.t'-..u b.^r:tSay, O peopleof theBook,come o a wordequalbetweenus and you that we worshipnone but Al lah, and that we ascribenopartners o Him, and that none of us takeothers or lordsbesidesAllah." But, if theyturn away, thensay, Bearwitness hat wehavesubmittedo Allah.za- What is the Qur 'an ic Proof of thetest imony:"Muhammad s the Messengerof Al lah?"A- Thewordsof Allah:I Surah 43.26.27.282 Surah 3.64


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iPllt $.b *.r r:rt,+, :r" J'j;l UJr-.,t',b.r )(.p=-.r j trVerily, a Messengerrom amongyourselvescame to you; he gr ieves over yourdifficulties,and he is ardentlydesirousofyour welfare, and to the bel ievershe iscompassionate,ndmerciful.lAnd Allah'swords:

{. e.l*.Lr22li(lt.1 .tr:l u 3atJtjrJJtJj,,ue)Muhammad s the Messenger f Allah, andthosewho are with him arehardagainsthedisbelieversndmerciful o eachother.aQ- What is the meaningof the testimony( tdJ l , )e-rs-1tr ) t 'Muhammad is theMessenger f Allah?"

3 Surah 9.1284 Surah 48.29


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A- To obey the Prophet Muhammad'scommands, efrain from his prohibit ions,believe n his sayings, ndworshipAllah byper forming on ly acts of worsh ip hedesignated.Q- What is the proof that Prayer andZakat are obl igatory, and what is themeaningof nronotheisnr?A- The wordsof Allah:Dt..Jr r.jr3.[i-;,.rJrJ jFJi. Ul r,,{ ll lrr-l t-J )( i;lrrzr {lJi1 ,5}tVhtAnd they werecommanded nly to worshipAllah and be sincere o Him in obedience


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(i.e. to be) hunafa',rand to observeprayerandpay zakat.This is the religionof truth.zQ-What is the proof that fasting (duringRamadhan) s obligatory?A- Allah'swords:Flj y ",:iJlJ, :5 tf ft=rJrfJ-te < yj;,.ilrhtq )(.prgJO you who believe, asting s prescribedoyou,as t wasprescribedo thosebeforeyouso hatyoumayguardyourselves.ra- What is the proof that ha j j(pilgrimage) s oneof the pillarsof Islarn?A- The wordsof Allah:./ .tJl ) ',y'.r.r *- rJt Ll,L:-tgr c-Jr gr.rLJr,,te .lL )( ...r:ltJrirI Hunafu',plural


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And pilgrimage s a duty which men oweAllah,but if anydisbelieven Allah, henHesurelydoesnotneedHis creatures.rQ- What is the Second evel of Islarn?A- Iman.a- How many branches oes mancomprise?A-lman hasmore hanseventy ranches,heuppennostof which is the declarationof theOneness f Allah .lJl) .J I andthe leastofwhich s theremovalof hamrfulobjects romtheroad.Modesty s alsoa branchof iman..a- How many ar t ic les does imaninclude?A- Iman ncludes ix art icles, amely, el iefin A l lah , His Ange ls , His Books, HisI Surah 3.97


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Messengers, nd the Last Day, the belief inpredest inat ionand i ts good or ev i lconsequences.Q- What is the proof of the above?A- The words of Allah:dtr,;ri.r it ;F:vy'U.t/tr # *9 rlrJ; i,l '.rJ ){ JtrVl.dJb:eU , ;1r ;eart.rIt is not righteousnesshatyou facethe Eastor the West (in your prayer),but, truly therighteous s he who believes n Allah, thelast Day, and the angels,andthe Scriptures,andthe Prophets.za- What is the Qur 'an ic proof o fpredestination?A- Allah'swords:

( ;.r.i.Lib .,f # ul)2 Surah 2.177


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Verily, We havecreated verything y adecree.rQ-What s the hird levelof Islam?A- Al-lhsnn whichhasonepillar.What isIhsan?Ihsan is to worshipAllahas hough ouseeHim, although ou do not seeHim, for Hesees ou.2Q- What is theproofof the above?A- Thewordsof theExalted:

(;+- c. Ori,rrrildrr.iJt.Or rg)Verily, Allah is with thosewho arerighteousand thosewho are sincere.rAnd His words:r;J4r+ul \i.,'. '.,

f* i-- :J ..;it e_)tt y't *,JS*)(;.ltc-trt1Surah 54.492Al-Buttrari ndMuslim3 Surah 16.127


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And dependon the Mighty, the Merciful,Who seesyou whenyou standup in prayer.And He seesyou praying with others.He issurely he All-Hearing, heAll-Knowing.aAnd His Words:fJt ti llJi., d,r0rl,-i Ir i, U s .Pt 1lb ri irt* t'r)

I .+;tt-:+i lrr+iAnd wheneveryou areengagedn any occupation,whetheror not at the same ime you are ecitingpartof the Qur'an, hat is , wheneveryou do any work,We arc witnesses veryou while you areengagednit.sQ- What is the proof from the Sunnah,ofthe above-mentioned evelsof Islam?A- The renowned hadith, or Prophetictraditionwhich is narrated y Umarbin Al-Khattabwho said:

4 Surah26.2195 Surah 10.61


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While we weresittingwith the Messenger fAllah, peacebe uponhim, a man came o uswith very white clothesandvery blackhair.No sign of travelingappeared n him, norwas he recognizedby any of us. He sat infront of the Prophet,peacebe uponhim, withhis knees estingagainst he Prophet's nees.He put his handson his thighsand said: "OMuhammad ell me aboutIslam." He ( theProphet,peacebe uponhim) said: "Islam sto bearwitness hat here s no godbut Allah,and Muhammad s the Messenger f Allah,to observeprayer,pay zakat,observe he fastof Ramadhan, nd visit the House TheHolyMosque) for hajj if you can afford thejourney."The manaffirmed,"You have oldthe truth." Umar went on to say, "Wewondered about th is man, becausehequeried he Prophet, eacebe uponhim, andapproved his answer." The man furtherasked, Tell me about man." The Prophet,peacebe uponhim, said,"it is to believe n


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Al lah, His Angels , His Scr ip tures,HisMessenges, the Las DaY, andpredestination,ncluding ts good or evi lconsequences." e said, "Tel l me aboutihsan."He said, l t is to worshipAllah asthoughyou seeHim. Althoughyou do notseeHim, He sees ou." He said, Tel l meabout heFinalHour."The Prophet, eace euponhim, said,"The onewho is beingaskedis not moreknowledgeable bout t thantheonewho is asking."He said, Tell me aboutits signs."The Prophet, eacebe uponhim,said, [The.se re] "when the bondswomangivesbirth o her ownmaster,l ndwhenyousee the bare-footed, he naked, and the

I This refers to the femateslave whose masterengages nsexual clationswith her, as a resultof which, sheconceivesand gives birth to a baby who in turn becomcsher master,when he ult imately nheritshis fathers' ropcrtyof which themother s part.Hcncc, hc child becomeshc master f hisownmother. M.M. l


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shepherds2ontendingwith one another nerect ing h igh bu i ld ings. " Umar sa id :"Shortly after the man left, the Prophet,peacebe uponhim, asked, Umar Do youknow who thequestioner as?" responded,"Al lah and His Messengernow best."Hesaid"That wasJibreel.He came o teachyou(Musl ims) the fundamenta lso f yourreligion."3Q- What is the hird fundamental?A- Knowingour ProphetMuhammad, eacebe uponhim, who is the son of Abdullah,sonof Abdul- Muttalib,sonof Hashim,whois of theQuraish, nArab ribe,andknowingthattheArabsareof the childrenof Isma'il,son of Ibrahimctl-Khal i l , may peaceandblessingseonhim andon ourProphet.

2 t t t is , accorc l ingo an-Nuwawi , c fers o thc poor Bcdouinswho,al l of a suddcn ecomewcal thy ndcompetcn era: t ingh i ghbu i l d i ngs . l M .M . lt lmam Musl i rn


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Q- How long did the Prophet, peacebeuponhim, l ive?A- He lived for sixty-three ears; orty ofwhich were before the beginning ofProphethood, nd twenty-three earsafterthat. He was appointed s a ProphetwhenSurat Iqra,'#96, was revealed o him, andwas appointedas a Messenger hen Surat'al-Muddath'thir,#J4, wasrevealedo him.His hometownwasMakkah.Q- What was the Message hat Allah sentto him?A- Allah senthim to preachmonotheismndto wam against olytheism.Q- What is the proofof theabove?A- The word.s f theAllahtheExalted:Y1 ..rrLi7.)te .r$ -LUr .+n.:lrrr .rJb f, .;Jf lUt tr){t-V 'tult .jSLi Ji"O you who is wrapped.Arise and warn.And magnifyyour Lord. And puri fy yourheart.And shun he idols.And neverdo a


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favor seeking o get more in return.And forthesakeof your Lord endurepatiently."Q-What is the meaningof (ptip) "Ariseand warn?t'A- Warn against polytheism and preachmonotheism.Q- What is the meaningof "and glori fyyour Lord and purify your heart?"A- Glori fy your Lord by declar ingHisOneness,and puri fy your act ions frompolytheism.Q- What is the meaningof (*ru.rlb)f'Andshun he idols?"A- Avo id the ido ls by shunning anddenouncinghemand heirworshippers.Q- How long did the Prophet,peacebeupon him, keep preaching the abovecommandrnents?A- The Prophet,peacebe upon him, keptpreaching he abovecommandtnentsor tenyears,after that, he was taken to heaven


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where the daily prayerswere enjoinedonhim. Lateron,he wascommandedo migrateto Madinah.a- What is emigration in terms ofreligionlA- Emigration s moving from the land ofpolytheism o the andof Islam,and rom thelandof bid'uh (innovatedeligiousmatters)to the andof Sunnah.Q- What is the ruling on emigration?A- It is an obligatory duty enjoined onMuslims who happen o be in the land ofpolytheism o immigrate nto the land ofIslam,and from the land of innovation ntothe land of Sunnah. t is effectiveuntil thesunrises rom theWest, .e.,until theendoftime.Q- What is the proof of theabove?A- I'he wordsof Allah:r-5 lu i5 e llu .pl JtJi i.*)tlrfru; 'irr-iJtir )c$rbt


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e .*,rOl .lr.r- J.Llrb # if.r:c r i+" 0r+lu-?){U*W.l,rorirVerily, when the angels ake the soulsofpersonswhile they arewronging hemselvesIi .e. sinning],t ( the angels)say to them,"Why did you staywhereyou were?"Theysay, "We were weak and oppressedn theland."They (theangels) ay to them,"Wasnot Al lah's earth vast enough or you toemigrate nto it. " Thesepersonswill dwellin Hell, and an evil destinationt is, exceptsuchweak men, women,and childrenwhoare helplessand can find no way out. Forsuch there is hope that Allah will pardonthem, or Allah is pardoning, ft Forgiving.tAnd His words:

( jr.r*UgLlr .-b a,rrt4g:rir.pitr.rrl* )I This, according o lbn Abbas,relers1o thosewho disobeyedthe Mcssengerof Allah, peacebe upon hirn by refusing oernigrateo Madinahancl tayed n Makkah.I Surah# 4.91,98.99


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O My slaveswhohavebelieved erily,va.stis My earth, oworshipMealone.2Q- What lvas he reason or revealinghetwo aboveverses?A- Thereweresomepeoplen Makkahwhoembracedslam,but did not emigrate oMadinahwith the Messengerf Allah,peacebe upon him. Someof them were ried intheir aithand oined hepagans gainstheMuslims n thebattleof Badr.Allahdid notaccept heir excuseand madeHell theirrequital.The secondversewas revealedbecauseomeMuslimswere n Makkah oWhom Allah imputed man andenticedthem o emigrateo Madinah.Q- What is the proof of the continuityofemigration sdeducedrom theProphetictraditions?A- TheProphet,eace eupon im,said:2 Surah 29.5(t


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Emigrationshall not cease o be effectiveuntil repentance ecomes neffective,andrepentance hall not cease o be effectiveuntil thesunrises rom theWest.tQ- What rvas the Messengerof Allah'peacebe upon him, enjoined o prescribeafter he had settled n Madinah?A- After he had settled n Madinah, theMessengerf Allah,peace e uponhim, wasenjoined to prescribe the rest of theordinances f Islam,sucltas zakat, asting,Hajj, fighting for the causeof Allah, and theotheractsof worshiP.Q- How longdid he live after that?A- The Prophet, eacebe uponhim, died tenyears after sett l ing n Madinah.But hisMessages everlasting.He did not leaveagood hingwithoutguidinghis ummaft to it,nor d id he leave an evi l th ing wi thoutwaminghis ummalragainstt.I Imam Ahmad and Imam Abu Dawood


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Q- What are the goodthings to which theMessengerof Allah, peacebe upon him,guided his ummah, and what are the evilth ings against which he warned h isummah?A- The good things are the creed ofmonotheism ndeverything hat Allah lovesandapproves. he evil thingsarepolytheismand everything that Al lah loathes anddisapproves.Q- Did Allah sendMuhammad, peacebeupon him, to one part icular tr ibe or tomankind at large?A- Allah .sentMuhantnrad, eacebe uponhim, to mankindat large,andmadeobeyinghim a dutyon both inn andmen.Q- What is the proof of the above?A- The wordsof Allah:

('*. 6,trlllJr.r y ,.rLJrkl ,j)


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Say,O men I am the Messengerf Al lah toyoual l . tAnd His words:rr:;l 5fu rp Vi..ii;Jr rr.-:- ;it Ui+ +f' Uf i )(a'ori.Jl wewAnd whenWe sent o you a groupof jinn tolisten o the (recitation) f theQur'an,whenthey heard ir they said to one another,"Listen."And when t ended hey retumed otheirpeoplewarning hem.za- Did Al lah complete he re l ig ion ofIslam during the l i fet i rneof Muhammad,peacebe upon him, or after his death?A- Surely,Al lah completedhe rel igionofIslamduring he i fet imeof His Messenger,peacebe uponhim, andnothingnew needsto be added o thereligion hereafter.Q- What is theproof of theabove?

I Surah 7.1582 Surah# 46,29


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A- The wordsof Allah:f>t-)r f


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From t (theearth)haveWe created ou,andinto it shatlWe retuntyou,and rom it shallWe bringyou forth again.tAnd He says:{ . * it *.ttW d+.' p'ug;r r;r.


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did, and reward hosewho do good with thebest.3Q- What is the udgmentregardingone whodeniesResurrection?A- He is udged o be a disbeliever,or Allahsays:r:t-, b 'U-r d tH p ,.h V:,,r9 alg;s;ri-rt frj )(*rOr;eUi1Those who disbelieveassert hat they willnot be resurrected. ay,"Surely,by my Lordyou will be resurrected,ndthenyou will beinformedof what you did." And that is easyfor Allah.ta- What was the Messagewith whichAllah sentHis Messengers?A-To cause those who bel ieve in HisOnene.sso rejoice in the annunciation fJannah, and to warn those who ascribe3 Surah 53.31I Surah 64.7


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partners o Allah that Fire will be theirpunishment.Q- What s theproofof theabove?A- Thewordsof Allah:irSJFll r^t:+- attJ, u,l{, ir1d L:, stt4 U.*l-r>( t"+' ..;'.lJl(We sent) Messengers s bearersof gladtiding and aswarnershatmen may havenoplea againstAllah after the coming of theMessengers.nd Allah is Mighty,Wise.2Q- Who wasthe first Messenger?A- Noah,peace e on him.Q- What is the proof of the above?A- The wordsof Allah:( ..r^r.rJ=+tl,Cl.ll t-. rl tss4Jtirr q )We haverevealedo you asWe revealedoNoahandtheProphets fterhim.r

2 Surah 4.1653 Surah 4.163


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Q-Was there any nation or people eftwithout a Messenger ent to them toenjoinon themworshipof Allahaloneandtherejectionof tahgoot?rA- Therewasno nationeft withouthavingMessenger ent to it, a fact which issubstantiatedy thewords f Allah:(.a;iLtr r+:" ,JJl "rrrOll-, :,1.1l;r -r .rilrAnd We did send to every nat ion aMessenger reaching: 'WorshipAllah andshunthe taghoot.zQ- What is taghoot?A- Taghoot is whatever man worshipsinstead f, or to the exclusion f Allah. It is

I Taghoot, is whatever s worshipped nsteador totheexclusionof Allah. [M.M.]2Surah 16.36


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also any human whom man worships,orobeysbeyond ormal imits.Q- How many typesof taghoot are there?A- There are many types of taghoat ; buttheir principalonesare five: Iblis, the oneaccursed y Al lah; one who approves fbeing worshipped; ne who callspeople oworshiphin-r; newho claims heknowledgeof the unseen;and one who rulesby lawsother han hosesentdown by Allah. [We arecommandedo disbelieven and shun hemal l and o subrni to thewil l of Al lah. lQ- What is the proofof theabove?A- Thewordsof Al lah:Uit '*U\ .&;f d, ir, -.: n # j JrrJt r.H f )(rJ, Cf .lJl,U lr .;:ty ji;jt12lJlu-JL--trii .lJtl


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Thereshouldbe no compulsionn religion.Surely, ight guidance asbecomedistinctfrom deviation.So whoeverdisbelievesntaghoot and believes n Allah has surelygraspedhestrongunbreakableandle.AndAllah s All-Hearing, ll-Knowing.rAndHiswords:(.2itlrlr 1'=? ,rlb+rr l i-.r:,1 # trt-, rlr)We did senda Messengero every nation,(preaching), 'Worship Allah and avoidtaghoot.zAnd His words:)J djr) Jd )l pS:-.;+ . r- Ltj J y'|.;.-,tr lt r,y)Vfr tttF;ttrdtt 0p.r.'u.url l t :i* l-+ yru+ l :JF(. o;t-.u154:r

I Surah 2.2562 Surah 16.36


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Say, O peopleof theBook ,Comeo a wordbetween s andyou that we worshipbut Allah, and that we associate owith Him, andthatnoneof us takeor lordsbesides llah." But if theyaway, hensay,"BearwitnesshatweMuslimsandhavesubmittedo Allah."ts themeaning f ( .tJrfl{f ) ',Theresno godbutAllah.Messengerf Allah, peace euponhim"The principalpart of Islamand its

illar is prayer,and its highests ihad,(fightingn thewayof Allah).aAllahknowsbest.TheEnd

Surah 3.6+er-tirmidrhi


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flHrEC@[email protected] AS.SA'.TT[@RlHttsP[@US RtsDtsCtsSS@RS

BY THE TRADITIONIST ASH.SHAIKHMUHAMMAD AT-TAYYIB B. ISHAQAL-ANSARI AL MADANII believe tratAllah is OneGod, other hanWhom there is no god, the Sole One, As_Samadh,l Who neitherbegetsnor wasbegotten.No one other than lfe deservesobe worshipped.Whoeverdedicates ny actof worshipto other hanAllah is amushiik,adisbeliever.Ibadah" or worshipby definitioncombineseverything hatAllah lovesandapproves, futterancesanddeedssuchas the five pillarslAs-samadhis oneof Allah'sbeaurifulnames.t ismentioncd n Surah# llZ,It signifies hc t ord toWhom recourse s had, or to f,horn obidience isrendered, without Whom no affaii can beaccomplished;or the One to Whom Lordshipultimatelypertains,or theCreatorof eve.ytfring,o?ffi9r. nothing is indepcndent,andon Wf,orn "r"ry:f,".t-* thing depends-forts mcansof subsistencd,anowhoscOneness verythingestifies.M.M.l


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of Islam, supplication,expectation, ear,trust, seekinghllp andrelief, sacrifice,vows'and every other-form of worship.Ibadahincludes cceptance of the truth that Allah'Who is far removed from everyimperfection, is qualified -with all the"ttiibutet wherewith He has qualifiedHimself, and is named by the nameswithwhich He has named Himself, and HisMessengerMohammad,peacebe uponhim'hasnanrld Him, all thebeautifulnamesandthe superlativequalitieswith which He isqualifild in truth and not metaphorically'Such attributes include settling HimselfaboveHis Throne or mounting it withoutspec i f i ca t ion , resemb lance , o reiemplif ication, as Allah- -says: -() "Tt; Most Merciful has settledHimselfabovethe Throne."l Suchattributes ncludeHis infinite speech, ttered n occasions't isreported hat'thepiouspredecessorsssertedthat He is still qualified by the attributeofspeechandforev-erwill speak f He.wills' Offiit speech is the Qur'an which is theinimitible words that were sent down tot Suratrzo.s


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Muhammadfor worship, and which Jibril,peacebe on him, heardfrom Allah directlywithout mediator and brought down toMuhammad,plc be uponhiri, in theexactform and meaningas he heard it from hisLord. The wording of the eur'an is Allah'snot Jibril'sor Muhammad,s.t consistsof thewords of Allatr Who utlered it in letter ands,ouqd, s He spoke o Musa(Moses),whenthe latter came o the trce:Vjrity,I A. your Rubb. So takeoff yourshoes;-foryou are in the SacredValley ofTuwa.lE1rytly soHe will call His slaveson theDayof Resunection,with a voice which will beh.".t-d-by,the istantandthenear,saying: "fAm the King. I Am the Reckoner."This isexactly how He speaks o His Messengersand angels,and to whomeverHe wishei.ofHis slaves, o who He has sent down thewords of His non-etemal2but uncreated

I Suratr ZO.IZl Stl* Allah spcal$wheneverHe wishes,as Imam Ahmad,the Imamof Ahl-As-sunnah uted,rhcreforc,His specch snonaaul.[M.M.]


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speechn His Scriptures. ike the restof Hisuit ibut r, His speechs uncreated3It is establishedhat Allatr, glory be to Him,is qualified with the attributesof love,4pleasure,5 oathing,6descending,Tivingiife, deattranddispFasure;hatHe is greatlydelightedwith ttrerepentance f His slave;l3 Ailah'sspeechs oneof His attributes hat n His essence sun"tota.'fnis meanshatHis speechs not bom andcreatedin-iir*lit" the speechof liis creatures,because t isestabtishedhatHe doesnotchange, ndthatHis essences notsusceptibteoevents.M.MJa nr"t" areverses n theGloriousQur'm that signify cleadyAllah'sartribute f love;e.g',2.190,1952'222 ll['M'l5 Thereare about12versesn which "thepleasure" f Allah ismentioned;monghemS3.15, .2,9.2118'29'6 The attribute loathing"or "hating" s mentionedn surah9.46and17.387 Abu Hurtaitah reponedthat the Messenger f Allah said:"Our l-ord, the Blesired theSupreme, escendso the lowestfteau"nAuting he ast hird of everynightsaying: Whocallsf'f" tot *.ntito call Mel so thatI may ulfill-his need?WhoaskslMe so that I may give unto him? Who seeksMyfo.gi*n"tt soOrat may-forgiue im?"' Al-Bukhari)M'M'1I AMullah b. Masoodnarratedhat heMessengerf Allah'oeacebe upon him, said: "Allah is more delightedwith'r"p"nrrn""of Hisslavehan tremanwho osthisbeast f bardio-aOeOitt hisprovisionwhiletravelingn thedesert,herebyr"Ou"l".i"g nisiife. He tookhisrestandslept,and henawokeioiind$.irtir beasthadstrayed. heheatbecameever, ndsowashis thirst,or whatever llahwilled.(Havingooked orit in vain),he thenhelplessly ecided: 'I will retum to my


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and hat Allah, far is He rcmoved rom everyimperfection,will be seenby the believerson theDay of Judgmentwith their own eyes,as signified in the Qur'an and authenticahadeeth (traditions).Theseattributesandthe like of themare not figurative,but actualand real,asconfirmedby the Book and theSunnah.Allah the Exaltedsays:Say, "He is Allah, the One. Allah is As-Samad2 He does not beget nor is Hebegotten.And there s none ike untoHim.This is our convictionwhich we uphold nobedience o Allah, respectingHis namesandattributes,without specifying hem,orascribinghuman characteristicso them,depicting, reducing hem ro limitedforms],nordo we denyany of them.Allah says:

place in which I took my rest frst.' So he returnedand slept fora while. When he awoke, he raised his head only to see hisbeast sunding by his side.'(Al-Bukhari) The versionof theabove uadition compiled by Imam Muslim relates to theProphet.peae be upon him, rhe following slatemenu "Havingfound his beast, he man exclaimedout of extremeexcitement:'O Allah, you are my slave, and I am your lord.' He made thisslip of the tongueourof his extremeexcitement"[M.M.]z See footnorc # I on page 25.


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"There s nothing ike unto Allah. And He istheAll-Hearing,theAll- Seeing."2We bearwitnessthat Mohammad,peacebeupon him, is the slave of Allah, and HisMessengero both inn andmen,andthathedid conveythe Message, ccomplishedheduty committed to his trust, guided hisummah(nation)sincerely, ndkeptstrivingin the cause of Allah until Allah hascompletedhereligionby him.Allah says:Today I have comPleted or You Yourreligion, andperfectedMy favor upon yourandacceptedslam or youasyour religion.3Then Allah took him to Himself, and madehim join the highestcompany n the Jannah(on theDay of Resurrection).The Messengerf Allah,peace euponhim,departedhis world, and ts people.No onewill everbe a true believeruntil andunlesshis desires reaccordingo theMessage ithwhich Muhammadwas sentwith, anduntilMuhammad,peacebe upon him, becomesdearero him thanhis own self,hischildren,and all mankind.

2surahz: t3 Surah5:3


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Loving the Messenger,eacebe upon him,entailsobeyinghis commands, ttesting othe truthfulnessof his statements,andavoiding his prohibitions.This in turn,meansthat Allah must be worshippedbydedicating o Him only thoseactsof *orshipthat His Messengerhas assigned o theMuslims.The Messenger f Allah, peacebeupon him,shouldnot be extolled,.overly adulated, relevatedabove he level on which Allah hasplacedhim. Nor should the Messenger fAllah be sought for help, or relief. TheProphet,peaceberuponhim, said:"Thedu'eis worship."4And hesaid: [ndeed. am nottheoneuponwhomyou shouldcall for help.Allah, the Exalted, s the One upon Whomyou shouldcall for help.Calling upon theMessenger, eacebe uponhim, for help istantarnounto shirk,or polytheism.And so isattaching he heart o creaturesn venerationand expectationof benefit from them, orbelieving hat they can ward off evil, andotherthingsthat only Allah is capable f.[Attaching he heart o piouspeople,or jinn4 Abu Dawood. & at-Tirmidthi.


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by committing one's affairs to them, turningto them for help, and sacrificing animals tothem, in order to have one'sneedsfulfilled,or to obtain rel ief constitute ascribingpartners to Allah, whether by utteringmysterious combinations of words, orlitanies. Allah has given no evidence thatsuch practicesare efficaciousor permitted.Allah sent His Messenger,peace be uponhim, to uproot suchpractices,andto cleansethe hearts rom infidelity. There is no neitherstrength nor power except by means ofAllah, the Exalted, the Great.We bel ieve that the angels, and theScriptures of Allah are truthful, and so arethe Prophets, peace be upon them, theresurrectionafter death, Jannah,and Hell-Fire. We also believe that the scale5 s true,as well as the Howdh 6 of the Prophet,peacebe upon him. Whoever drinks from it shallnever feel thirsty. Apostate,and people of

5 The scale s rhe means by which the bad and good de.eds fman are weighcd on the Day of Resurrection.6 The pool of the Messenger,peacebc upon him, from whichthe believers shall be given to drink on the Day ofResurrection. t is also called"al-Kawther"


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bid'ah, or innovations n religionsmattersshallbe debarredrom it.We believe in predestination; ts good orevil consequences.We believe thatintercessionof our Prophet Muhammad,peacebe uponhim, and of all theProphetsstrue, but it takesplaceonly with prior leavefrom Allah to the intercessor,and oncondition hat Allah is pleasedwith the oneon whosebehalf intercession hall be made.Allah theExlatedsays: Who is he thatwillintercede with Him except by Hispermission?"7And:They intercede n behalfof only thosewithwhomAllah is pleased.8And we believeour Prophet, eacebe uponhim, will be the irst intercessor,nd he irstfrom whom intercessionhallbe accepted,andthat thereareprivilegesof intercessionwi th wh ich the Prophet a lone isdistinguished.he first of theses thehigheststationof honorat the Final Day, which isreferred o in the Qur'anas "al-Maqam al-

t e.z.zss8e. 2l :28


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Mahmoud,9 andwhich all the ProphetsandMessengers hall revere.Such privilegesshall ncludealso ntercedingo deliver fromtheFire thosewho havealreadyenteredt,l0and admitting them into Jannahafter theyhavebeenpurified.We believe that the bestof all generationsarethe companionsof the Prophet,peacebeupon him, who believed n him, then thepeople of the second generation thatsucceeded hem with piety. The Prophet,9 Al-Moqa al-Mahmoud, is menlioned in the Qur'an [7:78],and refers to the rank to which the hophet, peacebe upon him,shall be entitled, and for which he shall be praised by allcreatures on the Day of resunection, becauseof his beingquickly reckoned with by mankind who will be relieved fromtheir long sranding,by virtue of his intercedingwith Allah ontheir behatf. [M.M.]l0 His eminenceShaikh AMul-Aziz Bin Baz, the Chairmanof Dar al-Ifta', Saudi Arabia, may Allah forgive his sins andassist him in every good cause,commented on the abovestatement,saying: "The privilege of intercedingwith Allah todeliver from Hell-Fire thoseMuslims who haveentered t onaccount of their sins, is not restricted [o the ProphetMuhammad,peacebe upon him, rather, such a privilege issharedby others, as signified in many traditions. Besideshisgreater intercession, the hophet Muhammad, peacebe uponhim, is also privileged to intercede or the peopleof Jannah ointer it as indicated in the authentic raditions. He shall also beable to intercede with Allah to reduce lhe punishment of hisuncle,Abu Talib.


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peace be upon him, said: "The best ofgenerations s mine, then the two generationsthat succeededhem."We also believe that the best of speech s thespeechof Allah, and the best of guidance sthe guidance of Mohammad, peacebe uponhim. And we believe that the greatestevil ofall is the bid'ah, or innovations in religiousmatters, for every bid'ah is a form ofmisguidance.Had it not been for fear of prolixity, wewould have supplieda textual proof for eachissue discussed above from the Book ofAllah, and the Sunnah of His Messenger,peacebe upon him, and the unanimity of theas-Salafas-Salih,or the PiousPredecessors.We ask Allah, the Exalted, to guide us to Hisstraight path, accept our deeds,and ourstatements,protect us from misguidingafflictions. the hidden and manifest thereof,and make steadfast n our faith so that wemay die as Muslims.O Allah, exalt the renown of Muhammad,and his household,and grant them peaceandblessings.This is the Salafi conviction written byShaikh Muhammadat-Tayyibbin Is'haq al-


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Ansari, n Madinatr,n 1358A.H., who diedon the seventhof Jamadaath-Thani, 1363A.H. He wrote this as an exhortation orhimself,andhis Muslim brethren.May Allahgranthim mercy.

The Four RulesI ask Allah the Gracious, the Lord of theGreat Throne to look after you in this world

and in the Hereafter, and bless you whereveryou may be. I also ask Him to make us ofthose who whenever they are given aregrateful, and whenever they are afflicted;they endure patiently, and whenever theycommit a sin they beg for forgiveness.Theseare, truly, the main characteristics f bliss.Be aware,may Allah accommodateyou tohis obedience,of the fact that hanifiyyeh,thereligion of lbrahim, is to worship Allah aloneand to be sincere o Allah in religion. Allahsays: (;1rt*5ll;)lr ir+tgir; Ur)


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"I have not created he inn and the menbutto worshipMe."llAnd sinceyou know thatAllah has createdyou to worshipHim, thenyou shouldrealizethatworshipdoesnotbcome genuineunlessit is combinedwith the belief in the Onenessof Allah. Just asprayer s not valid withoutablutionl2. Once shirkor a polytheisticpractice blemishes an act of worship, itnullifies it, just as mpurity nullifies ablution.Onceyou know that if slrirt pollutesactsofworship, it renders hem void, and that apersonwho does so becomesone of thosewho shall go to Hell, you realize thatknowing this fact is one of your mostimportant duties.May Allah saveyou froml1 Surah #51,56 lbn Kathir interpreted this verse in hisexegesesas: "l have created rhem only to command them toworship Me, not because need hem."(I say: There is no dout* that man has beencreated n a soundstate of affairs to make him fit for doing acts of worship, andprcpared for it. Since Allah has installed in them reason,andfumished $rem with spnses,apParcntand hidden with the uhermeansof preparedness. [ M. D]12 loriust as vinegar spoils honeywhen it is mixed with it, orwhen poison enters the body, against which we seek Allah'sprotection.) [M.D.]


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this predicamentof associating artners oHim. Allah says:(.t :r g Uti ir.pV lss5q Jri Ol 4 ) dj 0t)

"Allah does not forgive (the sin of)associating artnerswith Him, but forgiveswhat is (short o0 that to whomsoeverHepleases."l3Deliverancerom Hell-Firemaybe ensuredby being awareof the four rules that Allahhasmentionedn His Book.

The First RuleTo know that the disbelieverswhom theMessenger f Allah , fought,acknowledgedthat Allah is the Creator, he ProviderandtheOne n Whosehand s the disposal f allaffairs. Yet, they were not consideredasMus l ims. [Tha t is to say, sheeracknowledgmentf the Lordshipof Allahwas not enough to qualify them to be

l3 Surah a. t6


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Muslims.They shouldhave dedicated llacts of worship to Allah alone.l. This isprovenby Allah'swords:d u:.,L., bCJtrlL, il ,rltV.lJt;r &U u Jllit.tt, Ot rrrli 7 t :* Vt tlt V.-tt g#r cJt U tl(;t*

"Say, i/ho providessustenanceor you fromtheheavenand the earth?Or, Who is it thathaspower over the hearing and the seeing?Who brings forth the living from the dead,and brings the deadout of the living? Whogovernsall affairs?'Theywill say,'Allah'.Thensay, Will younot then ear(Him)."'14The SecondRuleThe polytheistsassert: We did not call onthem [the idols.. We approachhem only toseek nearnessof Allah and intercessionthrough them. [The proof of the fact thatworshippingdols s polytheismlrs given nthe ollowingverse:

14Suratr 10.3


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dJlOJe|;d,lJ UJ,JIJJfr.r;u .t-blelr;t gif r;"itg){tis-, tJ j U Lt+l.Ur;g;;L: .' f..t C r &"And those who take idols for deitiesbesideHim say,'We worship hemonly thatthey may bring us nearer o Allah'. Surely,Allah will judge between hem on that inwhich they differ. Allah doesnot guidehimwho s a disbelievingiar."l5And the proof of intercession,that is,worshipping idols, besee-ching them forrelief and fulfilling needs,and taking themfor intercessors ith Allah is sftirt,l . isprov ided in the fo l lowing verse:"And they worshipbesideAllah that whichneitherharms hemnor benefits hem; andthey say, Theseare our intercessors ithAllah.' Say, 'Do you inform Allah ofsomethingHe knowsnot in theheavens r inthe earth.How far is Allah from that whichtheyascribeaspartners)o Him."l6

15Surah 39.3l6 Surah 10.18


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lntercession s of two kinds; annulledandconfirmed.Theannulled intercession s thatwhich is sought from other than Allah forneeds trat only Allah can fulfill. The proofof this is in the words of Allah:"O you who believe Spendout of what Wehave supplied you before a day comes inwhich there shall be no tendering norfriendship nor intercession; and thedisbelievers re hewrongdoers.717Sursh*2.2S5[On hiscomrnentary n rhisverse,bn Kathirsafol:Alleh commandsHis slaveso spendoutof whatHe hasptwidcd thcm n His way, n charity, hattheymayaccurnulattheir rcwad with theirLord andProprielor. t is for thisreasontheyshouldhasaeno do so in this world, beforc a day comes-thc Day of Rcsurrection-n which nei0er bargainingnorfricndshipnor intcrcession tull bc acceprcd.No onecan bailhimsclfout nq canhc ransomhimslefeven f he spent or thatpurpoocan earth oadof gold. Nor can avail him friendshiportinship, for Allah says:"And when the rumpct is blown, thcre will bc no tics ofrclatbnship bctwcen hem 0ut day, nc will theyask afteroneanothcr." #23.101)Nor the intercession f thosewho arecntitlcd o intcrccde.And: ( ) "....and hedisbclicvcrsarethc wr,ongdoers"s, grammatically peaking,subjcct of a nominal clause which incorporaredn theprcdic8tcof thc sameclause o mean hcrc is no one who ismorc unjustor worscwrongdocr han he who will come oAlhh m tlut day as adisbeliever.Aa' b. Dinarwas eportedassaying:?raise be to Allah Who says:The disbelievers rerhe


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And the confirmed intercession is thatwhich is sought rom Allah. The intercessorof whom Allah approves f is theonewho ishonouredby the priviledgeof interceding.While the one who is intercededor is hewhoseutterances nd actionsarepleasing oAllah. Intercessionor such one is grantedonly with the eaveof Allah. [Intercessionssought from Allah alone, because t isrestricted o Him; whoeverseeks t fromother than Allah commitsshirk, and hedefeats is own purpose, ndrenders imselfbereft. Allah accepts nly thepurebelief inHis Oneness, ndpermits ntercession nlywrongdoers' and did not say, 'the wrongdoers are [email protected] knows best, I.e., no one would dare tointercede with Allah without His leave becauseof Allah'sgreatness,magnificance and haughriness,as signified in thehadith of Intercession, n which the Messengerof Allah said:"I procede (on the Day of Judgment) and prostrate myselfunderneath he Throne. Allah keeps me on this postureas longas He wills, Then it will be said,'Raise your headand say; youwill bc listened to, intercede and your intercession will beacccpted'.The Messengerof Allah funher said, 'Then I willbe allowed to intercedefor a cerlain number of people,and loadmit them to Jannah.l. Allah knows best.@The reason or Ata'b. Dinar's statment s the fact that everydisbeliever is wrongdoer, but not every wrongdoer is adisbeliever. Some believers may wrong themselves bycommitting the minor sins, but they would still be believersand iman stayswith them. Allah knows best. M.M.l


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for thosewho uphold monotheismas theircreed.He says:{cig l..rrCiltgjlt ti r)

"Who is he that will intercedewith HimexceptbyHis permission."18nd:(..i;rrJ{or.ii )

"And they intercedenot except or him Heapproveg."l9And:1i^rrirri:frUy)"Say, 'Al1 intercession rests withAllah..."20

The Third RuleThe Prophet appeared mongpeoplewhoweredivided in their religion.Someof themworshipped rophetsandpiouspeople,andsome worshipped reesand stones,whileothers worshipped he sun and the moon.

It Suntr* .Xs19Suratrllt.Z820Suratr*9.a+


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The Messengerof Allah fought them allwithout making distinctionbetweenonegroupandanother.Thiswas n applicationofAllah'swords:(dJ.l5 jrJt **r e:i i,15i; .;r c.r*ur)

"And fight them until l there is noinfidelity, and religion is professed orAllah."2lAnd about he sun and the moon [i.e. theproof of the fact that worshipping the sunand the moon and the rest of the starsandplanets,and believing that they influenceeventsof this world is slrirl


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Who created hem, if it is He(rcally)wonhiP."22And about he angels, i.e. thefact that worshipping angelsproducedn thefollowing verse:

Whom youproof of theis sftir& is

{qU i"iJl, i*yl,r lrlg oirsrl l.r}"And He doesnot cornmand ou to takeangelsandProphetsor lords."23

22 Su.atr +1t.3?23 Surah # 3.80 Ibn Kathir elaborated n his exegeseson thisverse: "Allah does not enjoin on you to worship other thanAllah, be he a commissionedProphetor an angel who is closeo Allah. Would Allah enlrin disbclief on you when you havesubmitted to Him?


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And the proof of the Prophets [i.e.worshipping them and calling unto them isshirkl. is supplied n thefollowing verse:dr. rfl O,lt g5tlt u.UJ \r$ Jl *t A.d drt JU r)rii cU .=t i, ,t^, .J JJ t, Jr;l gl 4 d,4 [. .tlLi- JUdjt i,J,(-.r+lt pXrc.;l ag ..t :: ii t gIJ lr a.. rl l, Fl;.:"tt"And whenAllah (will say o-lssa Jesus),'OJesus,son of Mary did You say topeople,'Takeme and my mother two godsbeside Allah?' He (will) answer, 'FarremovedareYou (from what they ascribe oyou), I couldnever say that to which I hadno right. If I had said it, You would havesurelyknown t. You knowmy insight,andknow not Your insight,Verily; You aretheKnower of the hidden things."24And theproof of the piouspeople i.e. worshippingthem and calling themfor help and relief isshirk. Allah is far abovewhatthey ascribeohim,l. is found n the ollowingverse:

*1 isj->.r25ll r-l d-y'tr-r_r J OJ.+ 5-e4;;-iJr cUrl)( rir irlt l.tJ .-,tjc 0 .{Li, i,Jjt l

2t Suratr 5.116


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"Thosewhomtheycall on themselves eeknearnesso their Lord. Which of them isnearer;and they hope for His mercy, andfearHis punishment. urely, he tormentofyour l-ord is a thing to be feare ."25And ttreproof of the treesand stones i.e.seeking blessings through such objects asgravesof pious people,sacrificinganimalsfor fulfilling needsand relief by touchingcloth-coverings of the graves or itsstructures, re all condemned s s}lir&,]. osprovenby Allah'swords:

(.5; r tlUtr1u..1gl .rlJr rr$)" Have you considered al-Lat and al-Uzza.And Manat, the third, too. (the idols)126

25Suratr*tZ.SZ26 Surah #53.19,20 [Allah the Exalted chides the pagansforworshipping idols and other objects of worship, and erectingtemples for with it Kabah which was builtby Khalil ar-Rahtran or the friend of Allah, Ibrahim, peee beon him. Al-[,at was a whire rock with designson it. It wasenclosed n a currained house around which there was a courtyard revered by the peopleof Ta'if, the tribe of Thaqeefand itsallies, and they used o boast themselves n it against he otherArab tribes Quraish. While al-Uzza was a treeenclosed in a curtained structured, in a place called Nakhleh,


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A proof of the above s alsogiven in thefollowing tradition:"Abu Waqid al-Laithireported: " We went along with thebetween Makkah and Ta'if, upon which was a curtainedstructure with servan6 assigned o it. It was also revered byQuraish, Wherefore, Abu Sufyan, who was apagan then, saidto the Muslims in the battle of Uhud; 'We have al-Uzza, butyou have no Uzza'. The Messenger of Allah instructed hiscompanions, 'Say, 'Allah is our Supponer, and you have nosupporter'. Manat was found in a place called Mushallel byQadid between Makkah and Madinah. It was revered by thetribes of Khuza'ah, al-Aws and al-Khazrej in al-Jahiliyyeh otthe pre-Islamic eia, and used to begin their hajj rituals bycoming to it first. Then rhe Prophet sent some of hiscompanions o demolish them. He sent Khalid b. al-Walid, thedrawn sword of Allah against he pagans, o demolish al-Uzza.He did so and said: "Uzza I disbelieve n you. No praise sowed o yort. I have witnessedhow Allah hasdisgmced you."The Messengerof Allah also sent al-Mughirah b. Shu'bahandAbu Sufyan to demolishal-Lat-They did soand built a mosquein its place, in Ta'if. And ro Manat, the Messengerof Allahsent Abu Sufyan who demolished t. It is also said that it wasAli who demolished t. The Prophet camewith the religion oftruth, and sinceredevotion to Allah, singlingAllah out to bethe sole worshipped God in truth, abolishing all the badcustomsand every polytheisticpracticewhich may mat thepure tenet of tawhid or monotheism.His great companionsfollowed suit. and so did their followers till tiat time whichwas marked with chaosand confusion when the Satanand thedeviant gainedmasteryover the minds of many Muslims, thenidolatry wa.s evived, particularly in our contem;xrraryage, theage of compound ignorance and the decorative images. Thepredicamentprevailed while the scholarskeep silent , exceptthoseof them whom Allah wishesthem to speak up. To Allahwe all belongand to Him we shall etum.l .tM.D.l


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Messenger of Allah for the Battle ofHunain, when we had but recently come outof our state of infidelity into Islam. Thepaganshad then a lote tree called DthatAnwat which they used to worship and tietheir weaponsonto it. When we passedby it,we said: 'Messengerof Allah make dthatanwat for us like as they have'. TheMessengerof Allah , said, Allahu akbar,these are as-sunnaun. You, by the one inWhose hand is my life, have just said whatthe Children of Israel said to Musa: 'Makefor us a god just asthey have gods'.He said,'Surely; you are an ignorant people'. TheProphet went on to say, You shall followthe ways of those who were before you, thatis the Jewsand the Christi ans]27

The Fourth Rule27 N-Tirmid$ri. [The companionswho made the request o theProphethad embraced slam just recently.They thought hatassigninga tree on which they could hang their weapons s athing which might be pleasing o Allah. They only intended oseekAllah's pleasureby doing so. They were too loyal andnobel to intend rebelling against he hophet , as the Childrenof Israel rebelledagainstMusa,peacebe on him. The rest ofthe tradiuon is cited in along with thecommentary n the Bookof Tawheedwhich is a duty the slavesowe Allah. Refer to it,you will find in it what pleasesyou. And Allah knows best.l .


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The pagansof today are worse than thepagans f the earlystageof Islam; or thoseused o attributepartners o Allah at times ofease, ut used o be sincereo Allah at timesof difficulty. But, the pagansof roday,attribute partners o Allah in both times ofease and difficulty. Allah refers ro thissaying:28C, ity'lJt etqJ lrU urird ia:rlt Or pr.:lLitt .fUf,Up)1;tf*

"And when they board a ship, they call onAllah, with sincere and exclusive faith inHim, but when He brings them back safe toland, behold they associate partners toHim."29Therefore, we see many of those whoworship pious people and graves of theshaikhs and masters are sincere in callingthem beside Allah and seeking help fromthem during both times of ease and

2829Surah*29.65


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hardships.Some of them becomemoresincere in their polytheism when theyexperienceharder times. Contrary to theearly paganswho used to attributepartnersto Allatr only at the times of ease,andusedto address themselves with earnestsupplication o Allah alone at times ofdistress.Today,pagansarepersistantn theirpolytheisticways, beggingand beseechingthe deadpious people.Alas There is nostrengthnor power (to changeheprevailingsituation) but by the accommodation fAUah he High the Great.30Allah speaks he truth, and He is the OneWho guides to the right direction. Allah,glorybe to Him, says:.rtiltJ V J, *,It yrlrl i, dJr,rrr;r lrrs t- aal;l ,tr),f** 2;t 5-t V Jta>t.itbl j,f(i1s3t

"Say, Whatdo you think if AUahwills todo me an injury, will thosewhom you callupon besideAllah be able to remove the30 This invocation is called 'lwwqaleh', it is utrered


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injury inflicted by Him? Or, if He willsmercy for me,can heywithholdHis mercy?'Say, Allah is enough or Me. In Him trustthosewhowould rust."'3landHe says:

r{. ;r t .tjlr #L4.J -Jr i:dJ.ur ri lrilr., rd f)(;.rrri;u i'u .ttr-"Or, Who answers he distressedwhen hecalls upon Him, and removes he evil, andmakesyou successorsn theearth? s thereagod beside Allah? Litt le is that you

reflect."32And He says: .4.5 a J$.-Wdp;tirlru;4 9)i,r'.irrr*r "r.-'" t*#; ';.;.f#"And those whom you call upon besideAllah own not even an integument of a date-stone. If you call on them, they will not hearyour call, and even if they heard it, theycould not answer you. And on the Day of3t Suratr*g.:g32Suratr Z.OZ


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Resurrection,hey will deny your havingassociatedhem with Allah. And nonecaninform you like the One Who is All-Aware."33And He says:grrirt=.tr3lJrrJ..o's-11 Ultitt, V P*t' ,Pl Virrr\.r pl5i .l.rrl f, litJ s$t . blr . ,/it' t4Vt V(o*s

"And who is more astray than those who,instead of Allah, pray unto such as will notanswer them till the Day of Resurrection,andthey arcunconciousof their prayer?Andwhen mankind are assembled, hey willbecomeenemies o them,andwill denytheirworshiP."34And Allah is the One Who guidesto thestraight Poth, and there is no power norability but throughAUah.l'

33Surrtrl 5.13,1434 gltd|f46.S,e87


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\ \ t l o , lV l Y 'A Y l V ' . tf t . f .Yc \ :g l - t el - e r . tsv. . i l l - \ - F t . f t c \Vl- .L'J#,"",.\^LJtr olPlrll iJt dJUr.ittf. . 1 \ \ - \ - 6 'A r t . c

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En the Fundamentals of Islam