EMPIRES*You will need your guided

notes each day

*You will have a Religions

Review & Empires QUIZ next

week*

WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?

= A large territory under the

control of one government that

unites different peoples & cultures

I. WHAT MAKES AN EMPIRE?

A. Government & Military:

1. A system of govt in place with a

leader

-example: monarchy

2. Military to protect &/or conquer

B. Economy

1. Collects taxes from citizens to pay

for the military, govt, roads,

building projects, etc

2. Trades extensively within &

outside the empire

a. Goods, ideas, technology…&

disease are exchanged

3. Coin money or currency was used

C. Unites Diverse Peoples

1. Many different people united

within the empire

a. Multiple belief systems &

cultures are present

D. Accomplishments:

1. What did they leave behind?

a. Could be: ideas, impact of

famous leaders, art, architecture

(buildings), writings, laws

E. Decline:

1. Why did these empires

collapse?

-watch for the patterns as we

explore each of these empires!

1. GREECE 510 BC-150 BC

A. GOVT & MILITARY

1. 1st Democracy:

a. Direct Democracy in which male

citizens voted on everything

i. Women & slaves were excluded

2. Greek Military:

a. Army

i. the Phalanx formation: soldiers

stood shoulder to shoulder in rows

with shields locked

b. Navy

i. Used the Trireme ship

B. ECONOMY

1. Collected taxes from

citizens, not slaves

2. Traded extensively

a. Shared: Greek alphabet,

use of logic & reason

3. Used coin money for

currency

C. Diverse Groups:1. Empire eventually united Greeks,

Egyptians, Persians, Indians

2. Polytheistic Religion:

a. Zeus as #1 God

D. Accomplishments1. Democracy2. the Olympics3. the Greek Alphabet4. Theater5. Philosophy: logic & reason6. the Parthenon &

Greek columns7. Life-like sculptures8. Math: Pythagorean Theorem9. Greatest leader:

Alexander the Great

Greek

Olympics:

Javelin

Discus

Wrestling

Chariot

Racing

Marathon

Boxing

Pentathlon

ANCIENT GREEK THEATER

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

The Parthenon The Lincoln Memorial

E. Decline1. Death of Alexander the Great

2. Empire was too big

3. Eventually conquered by

Roman Empire

2. PERSIA***NOTE: THERE WERE FOUR PERIODS OF PERSIA, THIS IS FOCUSED ON THE 1ST FROM 500BC – 330BC

A. GOVT & MILITARY

1. Ruled by Emperor w/ centralized gov’ta. Cyrus the Great (founder)

b. Darius the Great (builder)

2. Capital city in Persepolisa. Empire divided into local regions called

satrapies

3. Strong military to protect borders

(Greeks to West)

a. Fed horses alfalfa = stronger and bigger

• The empire of Cyrus and Darius:

Persepolis

Located in modern day Iran.

B. ECONOMY1. Used standardized currency (coins) for

tax collection

2. Economy based on trade

a. Located at crossroads of Silk Road

a. Linked Asia to Europe and Egypt

C. Diverse Groups:1. United peoples of Arabia, India,

Anatolia, etc…

2. Many religions in empirea. Main religion of Persia was Zoroastrianism

a. Polytheistic, but one supreme God – Ahura

Mazda

b. Jews allowed to return to Jerusalem

D. Accomplishments1. Persepolis

2. Persian Royal Roada. 1600 miles – partially paved

3. Developed Qanat Systema. Underground canals used for irrigation

4. Created first efficient courier

systema. Mail service for delivering messages

The Persian Courier:

"Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat,

nor gloom of night shall stay the

Persian Courier from his appointed

rounds." - Herodotus

E. Decline1. Rule of Emperor Xerxes

2. Defeated by Greeks in Persian Wars

a. Battle of Marathon

3. Conquered by Alexander the Great

a. 330 BC

3. ROMAN EMPIRE500 BC-479 AD

A.Govt & Military1. Emperor or “Caesar” with

complete control 2. Roman Military:

a. Army: i. the Roman Legions:

protected & expanded the Empire, guarded the borders, maintained roads

b. Navy:i. Used slaves to row the

Galleons

Roman catapult

Infantry Shields

Roman armor

Roman fort

B.Economy1. Traded with all parts of the

Empire on 3 continents: Europe,

Africa, Asia

2. Taxes:

a. 1 of every 3 Romans was a

slave=didn’t pay taxes

b. Coin money

D. Diverse Groups:

1. 300 million people at its height!

2. Religion:

a. Polytheistic that built on the Greeks: Jupiter #1 God

b. Christianity illegal

until 313 AD

3. Gladiator Games: used to unite (or threaten people)

4. Latin language

ROME—AT END OF PAX ROMANA 300 MILLION PEOPLE!

The Coliseum:“Bread & Circuses”

(free food & entertainment)

E. Accomplishments:

1. Laws of the 12 Tables

2. Art & Architecture: borrowed

Greek styles & columns

a. Coliseum & Pantheon

b. Bridges, roads, canals, bath houses

3. Engineering: Aqueducts

4. The Census

5. Leaders: Julius Caesar, Augustus

Borrowed Greek ideas: columns, statues

Bridges, roads, canals, bath houses

Roman road

Roman bridge

Roman baths in England—main bath

pool

Aqueducts: running water indoors through pipe system=possible lead poisoning?

The water-carrying

channel of the Aqueduct

Aqueducts Video Clip

The Death of Caesar, by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1867). On March 15, 44 BC,

(date known as the Ides of March) Octavius's adoptive father Julius Caesar was

assassinated by a conspiracy led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus

Caesar

Augustus

E. Decline

1. Invasions: barbarians + the Huns

(*Attila the Hun)

2. Bad Emperors: corrupt

3. High taxes: no middle class,

inflation, too many slaves

4. Christianity

5. Fall of Rome

= DARK AGES in Western Europe

from 500-1000AD

ATTILA THE HUN: “THE SCOURGE OF GOD”

WEAPONS/TECHNIQUES OF HUNS

ALL FLEE FROM THE HUNS

Unique Aspects of Jesus’

Teachings: --the Trinity

--son of God --Messiah

--salvation --Communion

--Forgiveness of sins --love all

-- New Testament --Sunday Sabbath

--love God with whole heart

--all EQUAL in eyes of God

TO WHOM DID EARLY CHRISTIANITY APPEAL TO?

"It is easier for a camel to go

through the eye of a needle, than

for a rich man to enter into the

kingdom of God."

(Matthew 19:24)

ICHTHYS FISH

ROMANS FED CHRISTIAN TO LIONS AT THE COLISEUM