Songhai –wealth from Gold-Salt Trade

Taj Mahal

Islamic influence

Trade silk, spices, gems, & textiles in European trading posts

Emperor controlled by shogun –military leader

Isolated from outside influence

Expands

Capital renamed Istanbul

United by Islam

Coffee, ceramics, numeral system

Aztecs

Inca

EnglandFrance – both modern & wealthy

Russia – poor, mostly farmers

Emperor controls trade with enclaves

Goods: Paper, silk, compass

Trans-Sahara TradeSilk Road

Rebirth of classical

knowledge

Begins in Italian city-states

Spreads to Northern Europe

Humanism – focus on

human values and

accomplishments,

learning

Mona Lisa

by Leonardo da

Vinci

Renaissance man

Sistine Chapel

By Michelangelo –

realist painter &

sculptor

Shakespeare

English playwright,

poet of Northern

Renaissance

Machiavelli – The Prince

Italians dominate

Corruption and sale of

indulgences

Huge wealth &

influence of merchants

Martin Luther

Salvation by faith alone

All humans equal before

God

Posts 95 Theses

(problems) on church

door

Begins Protestant

movement

Henry VIII of England

– Pope in Rome

English church

property as his Elizabeth I

Anglican Church

Dissenters

Spanish Armada

Colonies

John Calvin

Predestination

What will happen to you

Protestant movement

Princes

remains Catholic

30 Years War

Edict of Nantes

Calvinists in France

Makes 30 Years War political

John Wycliffe Jan Huss

Council of Trent

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Inquisition

individualism secularism

Religious toleration

Printing press

Higher literacy, spreads new ideas

Vasco da Gama Portugal Sails around Africa to create trade route to India

Columbus Spain Reaches the New World, decimates indigenous Americans

Magellan Spain His crew 1st to sail around the world, he dies in Philippines

Hernan Cortes Spain Conquistador, conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico

Francisco Pizarro Spain Conquistador, conquered the Inca in Peru

Francis Drake England Privateer, sailed around the world, defeated Spanish Armada

Jacques Cartier France Reached Canada and claimed it for France

Western Hemisphere – Native Americans

Corn, potatoes, tobacco

Europeans

Horses, cattle, diseases that kill

many Indians

lifestyles completely

leads to slavery

Plantation

economy and environment

EuropePrince Henry of Portugal

pioneers exploration

Demand for gold

Competition for colonies

AfricaEuropean trading ports

Slaves & gold exported

Christianity spreads

AmericaRigid class system

Colonies imitate

mother country

Christianity

Economic practice, colonies benefit mother country

banking system & money for markets

Centralize Power – take

all of it for themselves

Rule by Divine Right –

God’s will

Louis XIV

FranceBuilds palace

of Versailles

Spends to

expand royal

power

Peter the

Great

Russia Westernizes

Russia

Builds St.

Petersburg

Takes nobles

power

Ignores Parliament, raises taxes

Puritan military leader

Ignores Parliament, raises taxes

Puritan military leader

Cromwell dies and Charles II

restores the monarchy to England

Fights with Parliament

Factions modern

political parties

Peaceful, bloodless revolution

William Mary

share power equally

with Parliament

Grants rights

and freedoms to Englishmen

Royal power

Eventual democracy & America’s gov

Applies reason to human & natural world,

stimulates religious tolerance and new government

Leviathan Humans exist in nature

Government protects us

John Locke Government must protect

our life, liberty, & property

Montesquieu

Social Contract

The Spirit of Laws

Government is a contract

between people and ruler

Voltaire

Miguel Cervantes

Thomas

Jefferson

Eugene

Delacroix

Mozart

Religious toleration,

separation of church &

state

Declaration of

Independence

Baroque

composerConcertos,

fugues

Symphonies,

operas

Romantic

painter

Don Quixote

Isaac Newton

Discovered

laws of gravity

Copernicus – developed heliocentric theory

Kepler – Discovered planetary motion

Galileo

Used telescope to support

heliocentric theory

William Harvey

Discovered

blood

circulation

Reason and observation lead to scientific method

Enlightenment

Ideas on

government

The success of

the American

Revolution

Absolute monarchy

Napoleon

Conquer Europe

Napoleonic Code

Congress of Vienna

Power

Map of Europe

Political philosophies

(Liberal/Conservative)

Bastille

starts the Revolution

Terror

takes power, uses

guillotine to

execute

1823 President Monroe

Latin America is independent

Threat to America’s peace & safety

Toussaint L’Ouvture

France in war

slavery in Haiti (1st one)

outposts of control for Europe

Catholicism

mother countries

Mining

Viceroys

Mexico City Havana

Miguel Hidalgo

1810-1821

Enlightenment

liberated northern

Creole from Venezuela

Class system (Creoles,

Mestizos, Natives)

Sao Paulo

Lima

Buenos

Aires

National pride in your

country’s interests

Germans & Italy

unhappy with result

Congress of Vienna

Unsuccessful

revolutions in 1848

Great Britain expands

political rights

Leads the Red Shirts in joining

Northern & Southern Italy

Uses nationalism to unify

Northern Italy

In Rome are the last to join

and unify the country of Italy

Nationalism

Franco-Prussian War

England

Natural resources (coal, iron), stable

government, steam engine

Increased education

Better standard of living

Better transportation

Urbanization - more cities

Harsh working conditions

Factory system ends

cottage industries

Pollution & poor housing

Enclosure movement

James Watt Steam Engine

Spinning jenny – used in England’s textile factories

Cotton Gin –demand for labor leads to slavery

Process for making strong, cheap steel

Smallpox vaccine

Discovers bacteria & cause of sickness

James Hargreaves

Eli Whitney

Henry Bessemer

Edward Jenner

Louis Pasteur

Directly ruled by

foreign power

(America – 13 colonies)

Country protected by

another 1 (Hawaii)

Region where 1 country gets

trading rights (China)

Nationalism – competition

for power & wealth

Industrial Revolution –

demand for natural

resources and markets

European conflicts brought

to colonies

Dutch & British set up

trading ports in India

Christian missionaries

convert natives to

Christianity

Built in Egypt to cut

travel time to India, England controls it

Held in 1884,

European Powers divide up Africa for

themselves

Matthew Perry

1854 America

East India Company

Built in Egypt to cut

travel time to India, England controls it

Held in 1884,

European Powers divide up Africa for

themselves

Matthew Perry

1854 America

East India Company

Spheres of Influence

Great Britain

Indian National Congress

& pushes for independence

Foreigners

Boxer

Boxers – attack US merchants

ilitarism lliances mperialism ationalism

Europe divided into

competing groups

Central – Germany

Allies – England,

France, Russia

Competition for colonies, resources, and markets

Balkan Peninsula –

powder keg of

ethnic tension

Many diplomatic

failures

Assassination of

Archduke Ferdinand of

Austria starts the war

Russian Revolution forces Russia to

leave the war & sign treaty

Zimmerman Note makes

America join on Allied side

Armistice signed &

Treaty of Versailles

ends the war

Woodrow Wilson

America’s president

Wanted to stay out

of WWI

Created 14 Points

plan for peace

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Germany’s leader

Loses empire

after the war to

the Allies

Forces Germany to

accept guilt for war

Puts limit on

Germany’s military

Independence

for helping

Europeans

fight in WWI

Alliance

future wars

America

weakness

League of Nations

Ottoman Empire &

Middle eastEngland

France

Japan

Landless peasants

Tsar Nicholas

WWI

Bolsheviks

Vladimir Lenin

Communist

Soviet

Union

New Economic Policy

Stalin

5 Year Plans

Secret police

farms

Great Purge

German reparations

High protective tariffs

Americans using credit

1929 Stock

Market Crash

unemployment

banks

prices

inflation

political

Adolf Hitler

Anti-semitism

National Socialism

– Nazi Party

Invades & Occupies

neighboring

countries

Joseph Stalin

Leads Soviet Union

Communist

Signs non-

aggression

pact with

Hitler

not to

fight

Benito

Mussolini

Leads

Fascist Party

Wants to return Italy

to glory of Rome

Invades Ethiopia in

show of force

Hideki Tojo & Hirohito

Militarism

Industrializes Japan

Invade Korea, Manchuria,

China for raw materials

Hideki Tojo & Hirohito

Militarism

Industrializes Japan

Invade Korea, Manchuria,

China for raw materials

Giving in to avoid war at

the Munich Conference

Poland

France Nazis

Britain

air England over Nazis

Germany Soviet Union

non-aggression pact

Japan America

D-Day

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

America’s

president at the start of WWII

President when FDR

dies, orders a-bomb dropped

England’s prime

minister who stands up to Nazis

Supreme Allied

commander of all allied forces

US general in charge

of the battle in Asia/Pacific

1930s-1940sJews, non-

Aryans, disabled

Adolf Hitler’s

Final Solution

Soviet

Union

Political

enemies,

intellectuals

Joseph

Stalin &

secret police

Rwanda 1994 Hutu militia

Cambodia 1970’sArtists, enemies,

intellectuals

Nuremburg

Nazis

Tokyo

Japanese war

criminals (Tojo)

Universal Declaration of Human

Rights – UN statement of basic

rights all humans deserve

Marshall

Plan

US gives $$ to

democracies to

prevent

communism

Japan now a

powerful,

wealthy ally

US occupies under

Gen. MacArthur

Superpowers the Soviet Union

America Soviet Union

Democracy & free market capitalism Communism & state control

NATO – military alliance of democracies Warsaw Pact – military alliance

Support West Germany & Berlin Take over East Germany, wall off Berlin

Yalta Conference

England, Soviet Union America

Eastern Europe as satellite nations

Iron Curtain

Truman’s Doctrine

Deterrent to war

Mao Zedong communist

Chiang Kai Shek nationalists Taiwan

Communist democratic

China USA & NATO

Divided in 2 today

France

Ho Chi Minh

Contain Vietnam is all communist

Economic military

Nationalism

NATO military alliance

Berlin Wall

Union Estonia Latvia

Indian Subcontinent

Led non-violent

protest against British rule

became 1st

prime minister after

Gandhi’s assassinationDeveloped

nuclear program and

allied with Soviets

Middle EastIsraeli Prime

Minister led Israel in Yom

Kippur War

Egypt’s

president, nationalized Suez

Canal, built Aswan Dam &

allied with Soviets

Africaled violent

struggle against English

rule in Kenya

First black

president of South Africa,

fought against apartheid

Group

led by Gandhi that fought

for independence

prohibited

discrimination (caste

system)

England divided

India by religion with

Muslims in Pakistan

today the

world’s largest democracy

federal

system gives most power

to states in India

has

eased financial problems

After WWI used to control

territories in Mideast

Mandate power in Syria &

Lebanon

Mandate power in Jordan &

Palestine

Created after WWII out of

Palestine

Differences

create conflicts in

Palestine, Israel, etc

Gives power of self-

determination to African

colonies

imperial rule

by Europeans & economic

exploitation

Fights for

independence from France

peaceful

transitions to independence

violent fight for

independence

long struggle

against apartheid

(Segregation)

1. High Literacy rate

2. Low fertility rate

(babies per mother)

3. Slow or no population

growth

4. Freemarket economies

5. Large middle class

6. Political freedom

1. High Birth rates = rapid growth

2. Low literacy rates

3. Little access to health care

4. Poverty

5. Poor health

Ethnic & religious conflict Climate change

illiteracy

Pollution rapid growth Terrorism

Refugees countries

Guest workers temporary

Global peace

keeping organization

lends money

to developing nations at a cost

free trade agreement

between US, Canada, & Mexico

Global

organization promoting free trade

- common currency and

easier borders in Europe

• Munich Olympics

• 9/11 attacks

• Car bombings

• Suicide bombers

• Airline hijackers

Surveillance

Review of privacy rights

Security at ports and airports

Identification badges and photos

India &

South Asia

Billion

Vedas

China,

India, Asia

Millions

4 Noble

Truths

Israel,

America

Millions

Torah –

written

record of

Hebrew

beliefs

Middle East

& Africa

Billions

Koran

(Qur’an)

North &

South

America,

Europe

Billions

New

Testament

India &

Pakistan

Karma –

knowledge

that all

thoughts &

actions have

consequences

Reincarnation

– rebirth

based on

karma

China &

freedom of

religion

Enlightenment

– spiritual

happiness

8 Fold Path –

steps you take

to reach

Enlightenment

Arab – Israeli

conflict – Yom

Kippur War

over Israel

10

Commandments

Guide moral &

religious

conduct

Arab-Israeli

conflict –

Middle East

5 Pillars –

basic acts of

faith for all

Muslims

Mecca &

Medina – holy

sites Muslims

should

pilgrimage to

Catholics &

Protestants

in N. Ireland

Jesus as son

of God

Councils

agree on

Church

doctrine