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EmotionAn introduction and approaches
to understanding
T. Curwen
Write down 5 emotions
Are you 100% sure they are emotions?
What is an emotion?
Is an emotion different from: moods, sensations, traits, sentiments?
Are emotions:Dangerous?Harmful? Beneficial?Necessary?
Overview
Evolution of emotion: knowledge research approaches
Brain science, physiology, sociology
Emotion - defined
Early work
Emotions and passions are dangerousShould rid ourselves of emotionModeration to unify mind and moralsEmotion inhibited superiority
Early Behavioural/Cognitive approaches
Core of emotion is behaviour Facial behaviour Body movements Evaluation of something in internal/ext. environ Nature/inclinations to act Complex reasoning processes that lead to
emotions
Why little interest in emotions?
Behaviourism was popular during the 30’s
Focus on observable behaviours ~60’s - 70’s great interest in the
mind developed
Influences on emotion work since 60’s
Infancy and emotionAttachmentNeuroscience Cognitive psychology StressEthologyFacial Expression
Does LOVE have a facial expression?
Ekman
Emotion families Feelings in emotion familiesBasic vs. complex emotions
1. Brief 2. Unbidden/Involuntary 3. Unlike a lot of processes4. Automatic unconscious appraisal
component 5. Quick onset 6. Coherent
Ekman’s Nine Attributes of Emotion
7) Signal in the face and body
8) Universal antecedents
9) Physiology
Ekman’s Nine Attributes of Emotion
3 Criteria to help distinguish the emotion
The Physiological Component A Historical PerspectiveJames-Lange Theory of Emotion
The Physiological Component A Historical Perspective Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Two-factor Theory
Emotion
Physiological Arousal
Appraisal
+ =
What emotion is she demonstrating?
Is it an emotion?
Is the context important to interpreting this picture?
What is emotion?What is emotion?
Comparing emotion
Emotion vs. Moods Emotion vs. Sensations Emotion vs. Trait Emotion vs. Sentiment
Emotion components
The Physiological Component
The Expressive Component
The Cognitive Component
Emotion DefinitionsJames, 1884 – “bodily changes follow
directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feelings of the same changes as they occur is the emotion”
Barrett & Compos, 1987 – “emotions as bidirectional processes of establishing, maintaining, and/or disrupting significant relationships between an organism and the (internal/external) environment”
Lazarus, 1991 – “emotions are organized psycho-physiological reactions to news about ongoing relationships with the environment”
Frijda & Mesquita, 1994 – “emotions are first and foremost, modes of relating to the environment states of readiness for engaging, or not engaging, in interaction with the environment”
EmotionThree Components of Emotion
Evolution and Emotion
Outline
Elements of an evolutionary approachEmotions serve functionsOrigins of emotionsBasis of social relationshipsEvolution of language
Assumptions of Evolutionary Theory
1)1) Designed for gene replicationDesigned for gene replication
2)2) Selection pressures Selection pressures 1) Natural selection 2) Sexual Selection
3)3) AdaptationsAdaptations
1) Reproduce our genes
2) Mating is costly 3) Fertility
4) Giving birth is costly
Evolutionary Theory & Emotion
Evolutionary theory
How do these evolutionary theories/approaches apply to emotion?
Emotions as adaptations Solve problems
• Emotion functions to solve a problem
• Emotions affect our cognitions
• Face presents information to others
Evolutionary Theory & Emotion
Face presents information to others!