Emission Reduction Provisionsfor Airports

Vision-100FAA Reauthorization

(P.L. 108-176)

Office of AirportsCommunity and Environmental Needs

Division

Voluntary Airport Low Emission Program

Meet CAAregulations withclean technology

More Federal $$to improve air quality

Airport emission credits to spurearly action

Greaterairport and project

eligibility

The Vision-100 Approach

Use ‘best achievable’ EPA low emission standards

Rely mainly on alternative domestic fuels

Emphasize deployment of commercially viable technology

Coordinate with Federal, State and local agencies

Vision-100 Program is Based on the Inherently Low Emission Airport Vehicle (ILEAV) Pilot Program

SMF SFO

BTR

DFW

DIA

ATL

BWI

JFKLGA

ORD

ILEAV1,500 Vehicles Planned

1/3 GAV

2/3GSE

50% Vehicles

50%Infrastructure

1/3 CNG 2/3Electric

1/3 GAV

National GSE Fleet isNational GSE Fleet isApproximately 72,000Approximately 72,000

25%Airline-owned

75%

Other

Airline GSE by Fuel TypeAirline GSE by Fuel Type(~55,000 units with average age of 9.4 years)(~55,000 units with average age of 9.4 years)

Diesel38%

Gasoline48%

Electric10%

CNG/LPG4%

National scope Commercial service airports located inNonattainment or Maintenance Areas

(~150 of 510 airports, including most of busiest)

More alternative fuels Also hybrids that meet low emission standards

Greater Federal share (75%-100%) Infrastructure and facilities Vehicles (incremental costs)

Areas of Expanded Project Eligibility from Pilot Program

Eligibility

Mobile sources not specified

“…any construction, reconstruction, repair, improvement, or purchase of capital equipment for the airport.”

Early documentation hard to get

“State implementation plans or other documentation shall be obtained to justify the project.”

Emission credits not guaranteed

New Provisions EliminateNew Provisions EliminatePrevious Procedural BarriersPrevious Procedural Barriers

(AIP Order 5100.38B)(AIP Order 5100.38B)

Airport dedicated

Low emission standards

Four ‘legs’ of Vehicle Four ‘legs’ of Vehicle EligibilityEligibility

Allowable fuel types

Ownership conditions

Best AchievableBest AchievableLow Emission StandardsLow Emission Standards

EPA standardsby vehicle class

Viable commercial technology

Conversions of airport power plants, generators, and other combustion sources to cleaner fuels

Eligible Infrastructure Eligible Infrastructure ExamplesExamples

Replaced by...Replaced by...

Tanker Trucks Fuel Carts

Reduced Reduced by...by...

Ground PowerGround Power Pre-conditioned Air

Fuel Hydrants

Auxiliary Power Unit

Aircraft ground support equipment (GSE)

On-road vehicles…

Vehicles Must BeVehicles Must BeAirport DedicatedAirport Dedicated

No cars, taxis

super shuttles

limousinesSecurity vehicles

Parking lot shuttles and buses

Two Major AirportFunding Programs

$300 million for Noise & Air Quality

Entitlements70%

Funding

Airport Improvement Program (AIP)~$3 Billion/Year

Passenger FacilityCharges (PFC)

~$2 Billion/Year

30%

Eligibility by Funding Source

AIP• New vehicles• Airport-owned• Alternative fuels

PFC• New and retrofit vehicles• Airport and non-airport owned• Alternative and cleaner conventional fuels

Emission credits to airports can be used to meet future requirements

General Conformity

New Source Review

Credit requirements

Nationally consistent approach

Provided on a timely basis

Based on existing CAA criteria: quantifiable, surplus, permanent, enforceable, SIP consistent

ILEAV projects credited retroactively

Funding Only With Funding Only With EPA/State Credit GuaranteeEPA/State Credit Guarantee

Emissioncredits

Emission Credits

AllAirport emission

credits to spur early action

Organizations

Documents

Actions

NationalCredit Guidance

New AIP/PFC Eligibility Guidance and GSE Pilot Program

EPA FAA

AirportsState & Local

Air QualityAgencies

Technical Report

Program Guidance

Airport Program Application Begins

FAA

Airport Air Quality Proposal• Description of program measures• Emission savings estimates• Confirmation that emission savings are quantifiable,

surplus, enforceable, permanent• Relationship with State air quality plans

PreliminaryState AQ agency

approval

Application to State for emission credits

Application to FAA for AIP/PFC funding

FAA fundingapproval of proposed

measures

Program Application Phase

State letter of assurance

to FAA

FAA

Actual emission savings report to State AQ agency

Airport projectimplementation

VerificationAIP/PFC compliance, etc.

Airportcredit use

State AQ agencyissues credits

Program ImplementationPhase

Airport credit statement

Trackingprocess

AIPGSE Retrofit Pilot Program

For GSE retrofits using conventional fuels

10 commercial service airports in NA/MA Each grant up to $500,000

Selection criteria: Cost effectiveness based on the remaining

life of the vehicle Only emission control technologies certified or verified by EPA Priority for airport owned GSE EPA/State assurance of emission credits

Federal and State coordinationEPA low emission standardsEPA/FAA airport emissions credit guidanceDOE alternative fuels information

Eligibility guidanceNew EPA air quality standards Cost-effectiveness (‘leading edge’ technology)Public access to refueling stations

GSE retrofit pilot program Modeling enhancements

Looking Ahead…Looking Ahead…Clean air

around airports