Emily Parish Gordon 2012 Portfolio

EMILY PARISH GORDON 2012 PORTFOLIO

Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio22

3EMILY PARISH GORDON 2012 PORTFOLIO

4 Curriculum Vitae

ACADEMIC DESIGN

8 Neo-Mining

20 Flux City

28 Forage Conservation

38 RiverCity Gothenburg

50 Re-Growing Kennedy Park

RESEARCH & VISUALIZATION

58 Foraging Finland

62 Third Coast Atlas

64 Remediation & Symiotic Industry

66 Economic Geographies

68 Shrinking Cities

70 Groundcover

72 Soils, Planting & Construction

PROFESSIONAL

76 Station Mall Waterfront

84 Princeton University

86 Texas Rose Garden

3Contents


Curriculum Vitae

EDUCATION

2009-2012

Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts

Graduate School of Design

Master of Landscape Architecture I

2003-2007

Vassar College. Poughkeepsie, New York

Concentrations in Religion and Art History

Bachelor of Arts, with Honors

PROFESSIONAL

2012

Studio Instructor in Landscape Architecture. Career Discovery Program


2012

Project development & graphic consultant. Green Roof Technologies, LLC

Bel Air, Maryland

2009-2012

Teaching & research assistant. Graduate School of Design


2007-2011

Design intern. Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc.

Brooklyn, New York

4

5AWARDS

ASLA Merit Prize, May 2012

ASLA Student Awards in General Design, nominee, 2012

ASLA Student Awards in Analysis and Planning, nominee, 2012

GSD Platform 5 selection, Spring 2012 and Fall 2011

International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, nominee, 2011

Penny White Award, Spring 2011

GSD Platform 3 selection, Spring 2010 and Fall 2009

PUBLICATIONS

2012

Instigations: GSD 075, ed. Mohsen Mostafavi and Peter Christensen (forthcoming)

Qinglonghu Foothill Strategy: Peri-Urban Development Alternatives for Southwest Beijing, ed. Kongjian Yu

Adaptive Terrain: Infrastructural Strategies in the Hills of Medelln, ed. Christian Werthmann (forthcoming)

Third Coast Atlas, ed. Clare Lyster, Charles Waldheim, and Mason White (forthcoming)

Platform 5, Harvard Graduate School of Design, publication and exhibition inclusion (forthcoming)

2011

A View on Harvard GSD, vol. 3, Harvard Graduate School of Design

2010

Platform 3, Harvard Graduate School of Design, publication and exhibition inclusion

CONTACT

[email protected] t 845.206.8921

315 Eckford Street, Apt. 3R, Brooklyn, New York 11222

5Curriculum Vitae

7ACADEMIC DESIGN

Graduate School of Design, Harvard University

2010-2012

Academic Design


NEO-MINING: Reconstituting the Foothills of Beijing for Peri-Urban GrowthGraduate School of Design, Spring 2012

Critics: Adrian Blackwell, Steven Ervin & Kongjian Yu

Collaboration with Carmen Martinez

Responding to the challenges of explosive growth in Beijing

and a peri-urban site scarred by limestone mines, Neo-

Mining proposes alternative processes for urban expansion

in Qinglonghua primarily agricultural township lying

just outside the 6th ring road at the base of the foothills

southwest of Beijing. Accounting for the extraction and

reconstitution of raw material as necessities of growth,

Neo-Mining leverages these as drivers of urban form. An

ecologic life-cycle approach to the reuse of mining sites

and materials generates and informs a new model for

foothill urbanization.

Collapsing sites of extraction with sites of construction,

Neo-Mining proposes continued mining phased with the

construction of a new city directly on the Qinglonghu

mines. As a result, land disturbance is minimized and

the agricultural plane is preserved. Mining techniques

and technologies are altered to effi ciently provide both

the material source of the city and its constructed

foundations as well. Methods that previously degraded the

environment are altered to become the backbones of new

urban ecologies. Developing beyond a master plan that

details phasing, connectivity, urban program, and density

distribution, three specifi c experiments in urbanization

ensue. Factors explored include material re-use, water

management, landscape strategies, urban program, built

form, and ultimately, unique urban identities carved from

phenomenal sites. Geologic Tourism & Research in the Beijing region (opposite)

99

China University of GeosciencesBeijing Research Institute of Geology

Institute of Geology and Geophysics

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Peking Man of Zhoukoudian

Geological Museum of China

QINGLONGHU MINES

regional rail

regional rail

Fengshan Geoparks Tourism District

Fengshan Geoparks Tourism District

Fengshan Geoparks

Beijing General Research Institute of Mining & MetallurgyBeijing General Research Institute of Mining & MetallurgyBeijing General Research

Academic Work . Neo-Mining


2003 2006

2009 2012

Current mining practices exacerbate erosion and air pollution (below);

dispersed expansion of existing mines (above); strategic branching and phased

urbanization of future mines (right).

11

2015 2020

2025 2030

Inactive existing mineActive mineResidentialResearch/institutionalTourism



regional train

bus

hiking trail

cable carupland forest

city phase 3

city phase 2

city phase 1

drainage to agricultural plain

13

Urban Plan 2030 (above); material excavation, processing and construction (below, graphic collaborations with Carmen Martinez); site systems (far left); transportation networks (near left).

1. Residential Development, 2020

2. Research Campus, 2025

3. Tourist Destination, 2030



drainage network

regional rail

roads

stairs

escalators

built form

cable car

SITE 1, 2020RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

Density: Very high Population: 32,500 people Houses/Ha: 85 houses/ha

Total surface: 125.46 ha % surface roads. 6.5%

open space: 27.5% residential: 42% industrial: 20 % commercial: 3%

other facilities: 3% parking: 7%

15

Section 1

Section 2



drainage network

ground circulation

built form

cable car

SITE 2, 2025RESEARCH CAMPUSDensity: medium-high

Population: 6,000 people Houses/Ha: 40 houses/Ha

Total surface: 38.51 Haopen space: 55%

roads: 4% residential: 10.3% institutional: 16% commercial: 6%

parking: 15%

17

Section 1

Section 2



drainage network

ground circulation

build form

cable car

SITE 3, 2030TOURIST DESTINATION

Density: high Population: 3000 people

Houses/Ha: 55 houses/ Ha Total surface: 13.83 Ha

open space: 65% roads: 1%

residential: 18% tourist: 7%

commercial: 4% facilities: 0

parking: 10%

19

Section 1

Section 2


Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio20 Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio20

21

FLUX CITY: Willets PointGraduate School of Design, Spring 2011

Critics: Gary Hilderbrand & Chris Reed

Individual work

Traditional Western cities are typically founded on principles

of stability and permanence. Change and uncertaintyin

the form of rich and complex landscape systemsare

typically erased, filled, leveled, denuded, marginalized, or

stabilized. Experimenting within an alternative methodology

that searches for a more responsive framework, the Flux

City studio focuses on the development of urban form

as driven by ecology and environmental dynamicsa

landscape-based urbanism aspiring to resiliency with

regard to long-term environmental, social, political, and

economic shifts.

Flux City explores and challenges the perceived

juxtapositions between fixed urban infrastructures

and the environmental dynamism that characterizes

coming climate change and sea level rise in Willets Point,

Queensa marginalized Flushing Bay neighborhood

whose position is highly problematic for urban growth and

land investment. The encompassing 100-year flood zone

continues to hinder development in the area. Not only

is the site unprotected from rising sea levels and storm

surge on its coastal edge, but it currently forms a bottle-

neck pinch-point for a larger inland flood basin that drains

increasing levels of precipitated storm water into Flushing

Bay. These conditions further stress complex networks

of aging and insufficient infrastructures surrounding the

site. Automotive disassembly businesses have successfully

colonized the marginal land of Willets Point, but operate

largely without environmental or economic regulation,

resulting in high levels of contamination that are further

mobilized during hydrologic events.

Natural ecologies, such as those of the typical Atlantic coast

barrier islands, are well adapted to absorb and mitigate

these dynamic forces of coastal extremes associated with

climate changewhile cleansing water and providing

diverse habitats. However, their ability to do so relies on

cycles of generation and deformation that contradict the

stability associated with safety and reliability in our built

urban environment. The Flux City strategy embraces the

challenge inherent in adapting such a system to the urban

context.

The strategic deployment of targeted coastal piers initially

catalyzes symbiotic function between new infrastructure

and natural processes of sedimentation and hydrology. The

staged formation of protective barrier islands thus offers

coastal protection and replaces expensive and destructive

dredging practices. Later, the pier foundationsfilled with

accumulated sedimentgain land value, becoming the

foundation for a new pattern of urban expansion that

connects the disparate neighborhoods currently separated

by the flood-zone void. By 2080, when sea levels are

predicted to be 1.5 meters above todays average, this new

archipelago will protect the bays older development while

providing outer-reef marine habitat and a new expanse

of sheltered back-water tidal marsh, sited to filter and

mitigate the basins contaminated storm water.

Academic Work . Flux City


infrastructure impacts

precipitat ion

sea level

air temperature/qual i ty

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n

road & highwaywear & maintenance

road & highwaywear & maintenance

road & highway publ ic transit interruptions & maintenance

publ ic transit interruptions & maintenance

publ ic transit interruptions drinking waterqual i ty & supplydrinking water

qual i ty & supplydrinking water water reservoir

qual i ty & supplydrainage & sewer

overf lowreservoir nutr ients & eutrophication

electr ic ity demands,production & surgeselectr ic ity demands,production & surgeselectr ic ity demands, air cool ing &

qual i ty controlextended construct ion

seasonsstructure &

bui lding f loodingsea wall & coastal

structure degredation

u t i l i t i e s / r e s o u r c e s s t r u c t u r a l

H20

coastal ecosystemsi n c r e a s e d s e w e r o v e r f l o w d e c r e a s e d b r a c k i s h s a l i n i t y c o a s t a l e e l g r a s s e c o s y s t e m d e c l i n e

oyster

algae & bacteriaalgae & bacteria

blue crabblue crab

atlantic sea bass

barr ier is land formation & deformation urban-adapted island formation

15%breakwater

35%dune core

20%mud & sand flats

30%salt marsh

upland marsh buffer

15%breakwater reef

35%urban core

20%mud & sand flats

30%salt marsh

uplandurban edge

Academic Work . Flux City

2525Academic Work . Flux City


sea to marsh : island profile 1:750

along the road : open island 1:750

along the road : island string 1:750

2727Academic Work . Flux City


(Plan graphics in collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel; harvest montage by Sara Newey)

29

FORAGE CONSERVATION: Sowey Naval Air FieldGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010

Critics: Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann

Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel & Sara Newey

Sited on a decommissioned Naval air fi eld in the suburban

Boston metropolitan region, this studio demanded the

revisualization of a complex 1,500-acre brownfi eld site for

a long-range strategy that prefi gures biophysical systems as

the denominator for re-envisioning public infrastructures

and regional urban economies and ecologies.

Forage Conservation introduces a much-needed prototype

for a new model of urban-suburban land conservation

and wildlife management. By rejecting traditional, polarized

conceptions of conservation and development, the

collisions and juxtapositions between our built environment

and the resilience of ecologic adaptation are revealed and

addressed. Responsive habitat management systems regain

balance for exploding populations of wildlife nuisance

species, while capitalizing on growing interests in local and

wild food markets in the Boston region, and maximizing

economic synergy between land management techniques,

by-products and local economies.

To address unpredictable fl uctuations in wildlife populations,

the notion of the static masterplan is rejected in favor of

designed dynamic disturbance and fl exible potentials for

habitat creation, land management, and public use. The

resulting site plan is iterative and layeredan accumulation

of trace and change.

Academic Work . Forage Conservation

31

Mapping reveals the flexibility of nuisance species habitat ranges and discrepant relationships between species population densities, conserved land areas and management resources. Uncoordinated response to animal control, highway collision cleanup, and hunting regulations aggravates budgets and environmental issues.

Disregard for the potential resources gleaned from suburban ecologies is epitomized in the current consumption of global domestic venison products opposite the concurrent market void for the processing and distribution of local game.



Operational synergy maximizes site resources. Timber is managed for habitat creation and production; woodchip by-products compost

regional roadkill waste and wild game butcher scraps; compost fertilizes plant nurseries that test and supply stock for wildlife control in the regional market.

33

Public program responds to seasons and to long-term site morphology. Public activities participate directly in management practices, such as hunting and foragingexporting experiences and knowledge into the community.(Program calendar by Sara Newey; montage by collaboration)



Management practices address four major components: a reconnected hydrologic course, a successional shrub meadow, runway breakdown,

and regenerative silviculture. (Management sections & montage by collaboration)

Beginning with initial construction, designed dynamic disturbance and land management alter

habitats, appearance, and experience.

35

2020

2020

2020



Atmospheric Views a,b,c

Culinary Event: Sunday Dinner

Contamination Mound

Runway along pond and skeet shooting range

Adjacencies between habitat, site infrastructures, and program

create a unique experiential reading of new conservation at Sowey Naval Air Field. (Sections

by Sara Newey)

37

2010 potential open habitat 2010 conserved fragments

Re-territorializing Conservation

2060 conserved sinks

regional road kil l carcass waste

regional road kil l carcass waste

site harvest distributed regionally

site harvest distributed regionally

site ha

rvest d

istribute

d regionally

site

harve

st

regional butcher scraps

regi

onal

but

cher

scraps

wildlife-s

uitable plants dis

tributed regionally

wi

ldlif

e-su

itabl

e plan

ts dis

tribute

d region

ally

wildlife-suitable plants distributed regionally

active hunt

active hunt

acti

ve h

un

t

active

hunt

active hunt

Regional deployment: redistribution and aggregation of conserved land fragments enables critical land mass for effi cient management practices and core habitat function. Resource and service exchange reaches the regional economy.



*The return of aquasity:

15,000 years of post-glacial land rise gradually drained the ocean from

the Gothenburg region. Waterways and archipelagos in constant

transition defined the character of the landscape and the cities and

economies derived thereof. Recently, global climate change has reversed

the process, causing water levels to rise with increased fluctuation.

Flooding is exacerbated by a local history of urban fill and coastal

alteration (above left).

A postcard for Gothenburg:Dive In! (opposite).

Islands and archipelagos of the Gota Alv (this page).

39

1790 1860 1921 2000 2020 return of aquasity

RIVERCITY GOTHENBURG: Dive In!Graduate School of Design, Fall 2011

Critics: Martha Schwartz & Emily Waugh

Individual work

Dive In! embraces the ability of the designed public

landscape to provide an identity, a public amenity, and an

infrastructural solution for the growing city of Gothenburg,

Sweden. Through the transformation of a defunct industrial

port site, Dive In! restores agency to the Gota Alv river

to determine the character and organization of future

urban growthreturning the river to the city. Responding

to an ambitious City of Gothenburg initiative to densify

and re-connect the sprawling city-center with the river,

Dive In! proposes a landscape-based solution that will

connect the north and south banks, enhance estuarine

health and habitat, and provide a public landscape that

becomes an urban oasis, a Gateway to Gothenburg and

an icon for Western Sweden. The project demanded an

understanding of the complexities of infrastructure, river

ecologies, economic development, social dynamics, history,

and climate change that impact and shape the trajectory of

the city and the river.

Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg


The Dive In! concept seen from above a RiverCity

identified by its connected island landscape (above). The

Dive In! strategy (right).

Once a bustling port with Dutch-designed canal networks,

the Gota Alv is dominated by hyper-scaled infrastructure.

Abandoned industrial land and port facilities built over

urban fill and layered with parking lots, roadways, railway

lines and ferry terminals, divide the city from the river

visually, physically, and mentally. Already subject to flooding,

this land faces increasing hydrologic challenges as sea levels

rise.

These flood-prone, defunct sites currently buffer zones

targeted for residential growth from the waters edge,

inhibiting access and decreasing land value economically,

socially and ecologically. Yet, as Gothenburg continues to

grow, these massive swatches offer opportunities to re-

envision the interior of the city. Inspired by geologic and

port histories, as well as local ecologies and materials, re-

carved waterways and uncovered urban islands create a

new river landscape that bring the river back to the city.

41

1 remove strangling infrastructure

3 prioritize development along new waterfronts, re-establish aquatic habitats

2 re-carve waterways through transitional land, relieve the main shipping channel

4 Frihamnen islands: destination and retreat, city gateway and river crossing



Frihamnen Islands key:1. Public Marina2. Amphitheater Hill3. Terraced Lawn4. Play Lawn5. Beach6. Promontories

river 1:500 (top) & 1:1000 (site)

Island 1. Island 2. Island 3.

Frihamnen Islands:A variety of waters edge conditions are sequenced for each island. A diversity of microclimates and habitats invite park users to explore and celebrate the Gota Alv.

7. Indoor Aquarium w/ Green Roof8. Indoor Saunas w/ Green Roof9. Aquarium Promenade10. Habitat Pools w/ Sunken Walk11. Infi nity Pool12. Boulder Hill13. Marsh Walk

43

river 1:500 (top) & 1:1000 (site)

Island 1

Island 2

Island 3

Ringon Waterfront

HistoricWaterfront

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

9

12

13

10

11

remainingactive

shipyard

Killibacken Stream

Gothenburg Bridge

Marsh Channel

Hisingen Waterfront

Lundbyvassen Waterfront

Hisingen Waterfront

100m



1.

2.

3.

A varied urban edge enlivens new waterfront development

on the banks of the Gota Alvs northern neighborhoods.

Frequent streetscape access employs consistent motifs but

diverse forms and materials.

45

A ramped walkway on Island 1 gauges the flood during high-pressure weather. The meadow lawn and opposite terraced promontory provide views, while mossy microclimates beg investigation when the water goes down.



An aquarium promenade gradually ramps below the waters surface,

revealing the aquatic world below. Opposite, visitors can take a

plunge and join the display.

47

The trougha dry walkway immersed in the wateroffers eye-level looks at the reflective habitat pool on one side, and the open river on the other.



Long lines in the re-constructed stepped edge dramatize the

expansive scale of the original pier, while making water accessible.

49

Lush plants make an urban jungle in the channel marsh, where residents can explore or escape, habitat is restored, and water is cleansed.



RE-GROWINGKENNEDY PARKGraduate School of Design, Spring 2010

Critics: Anita Berrizbeitia & Jill Desimini

Individual work

Frederick Law Olmsted designed Kennedy Park for Fall

River, Massachusetts during the industrial heyday of the

late 19th century. Today, the park receives heavy use, but

maintenance and facilities are significantly deteriorated, as

is the historic vitality of the site. The redesign of Kennedy

Park requires historic sensitivity while proposing projective

responses to contemporary needs for access, maintenance,

ecologic viability, and new program.

Re-growing Kennedy Park proposes a regeneration of the

parks vegetation that reflects and updates the original

intentions of the Olmsted design. Three strategically

deployed planting typologies frame evolving spaces for

new programs to emerge, while enhancing ecologic vigor

and alleviating drainage, erosion and maintenance problems

caused by the continued denuding of the landscape.

Three planting typologies frame evolving space for new and

existing programs of various intensity, taking into account urban

adjacency, visibility, access and maintenance throughout canopy

growth (above right).

Concept sections (below right) propose a strategy for

successional growth that preserves existing specimen

trees while restoring understory, transitioning segments of the park into a programmed urban forest.

51Academic Work . Re-Growing Kennedy Park

1. Quadruple alles

2. Quincunx

2. Successional forest


Alles framing beloved athletic fi elds open into a quincunx over

the new civic plaza and central gathering space, then diffuse

into the irregular pattern of the successional forest, connecting

to existing urban wilds along the rail corridor. Diversifi ed

groundcovers enhance water management, habitat and

experience.

Sequential site sections at two growth stages show transitions

in spatial confi gurations and program as new planting is established and old-growth

specimens reach their life spans.

57

RESEARCH & VISUALIZATION

Graduate School of Design, Harvard University

2009-2012

Research & Visualization


New Je

rsey

New

York

Mart

has V

iney

ard

Brit

ish Co

lumb

ia

Helsinki

REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY & SOCIAL NETWORKING

A spatialized mapping documents the one-month

acitivity of a social mediasite devoted to foraging

activities (above), foragingsites visited (right).

59

New Je

rsey

New

York

Mart

has V

iney

ard

Brit

ish Co

lumb

ia

Helsinki

Hmeenlinna

PoriTampere

MoustikkavuoriGaia Farm

Oulu

Rovaniemi

Kemijrvi

Helsinki

Research & Visualization . Foraging Finland

commercial exploitation of these resources have changed

foraging practices in contemporary Finland, with impacts

that are felt globally. This travelling study of contemporary

foraging in Finland examines phenomena that are indicative

of the increasing complexity that entwines land use, cultural

heritage, legislation, and economics.

Travel and interviews across Finland focused on three

areas of inquiry: (1) traditional foraging traditions as

documented by the Herbologies Foraging Networks,

a government-funded cultural heritage and public art

project; (2) contemporary foraging traditions as adapted

to urbanized areas and aided by locative and social media;

and (3) contemporary issues and activism related to the

human rights and environmental concerns of increasing

populations of migrant berry pickers travelling between

Finland and Thailand.

EVERYMANS RIGHTS:FORAGING FINLANDGraduate School of Design, 2011-2012

Independent Research, Penny White Award

Forest occupies 86% of Finland, the most forested country

in Europe. Unique laws protect Everymans Rights to

access all of Finlands forest as a cultural, recreational,

and productive resource. Not only is public recreational

access permitted regardless of land ownership, but rights

are preserved to harvest wild edible berries, mushrooms,

and herbs wherever found. These laws blur the boundaries

between public and private land use, and ensure that the

natural edible resources of the countrys forest remain free

to the public despite ownership patterns. Though deeply

grounded in Finnish tradition, increased urbanization and


rowan berry milk cap mushrrom cep mushroom chanterelleraspberry buckthorn berry bilberry bog whortle berry cloud berry cloud berry lingonberry

pre-1980slabor force & berry

distribution

1980-2000labor force & berry

distribution

2000-2010labor force & berry

distribution

THE WILD FINNISH FOOD INDUSTRY:

Global expansion of wild food product distribution

and labor sourcing.

61

0-50mm rain/yr51-100101-150151-200

strawberrycloudberryblueberrylingonberry

201-150251-300

ricemaizecassavasugarcane

migration to Scandanavia

plant/harvest

plant/harvest

paying

off lo

ans

paying off l

oans/se

eking

season

al work

fertilizers & materials destributed for spring planting season

new farm loans negotiated with BAAC

recruiters circulate villages

pickers return in deeper debt than

before

living

expen

ses

e continue to accrue while abroad

final deposit

second deposit

first deposit made to recruiters

nove

mber

october

september

aug

ust

july june

may

aprilmarch

february

januarydecember

wet se

asondry season

HARVEST & DEBT CYCLES:A calendar visualizing the rotation and planting cycles of Thai crops, Finnish berry picking, and the associated debt cycles of each.

Research & Visualization . Foraging Finland


NEW YORK Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50industrial 166.69domestic 22.96

MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67

OHIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 1,692.95public supply 415.98nuclear power 148.95industrial 56.94

PENNSYLVANIA Mgal/daypublic supply 28.77industrial 5.37

CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22fossil fuel power 91.59irrigation 35.18livestock 20.84

WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.94nuclear power 201.62domestic supply 129.42irrigation 70.95livestock 38.15

INTERBASIN DIVERSION Mgal/daypublic supply 6.91

Lake Eriesurface water withdrawals

Erie Basintotal water

use

LAKE EERIE

16

ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 463.20industrial 173.24public supply 8.97

MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67



Lake Huronsurface water withdrawals

Huron Basintotal water

use

LAKE HURON

publi c

domesticirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuelnuclearhydroelectric

NEW YORK Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50industrial 166.69

ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67domestic 22.96




Lake Ontariosurface water withdrawals

Ontario Basintotal water

use

LAKE ONTARIO

63

publi c

domesticirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuelnuclearhydroelectric

INDIANA Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50

WISCONSIN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 463.20industrial 173.24public supply 8.97

MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37

ILLINOIS Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 1,692.95public supply 415.98nuclear power 148.95




Lake Michigan

surface water withdrawals

Basintotal wateruse

LAKE MICHIGAN

WATER USE CATEGORY

MINNESOTA Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50

WISCONSIN Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00

MICHIGAN Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00

ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37

CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22

WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.9


Lake Superiorsurface water withdrawals

Superior Basintotal water

use

LAKE SUPERIOR

public supplydomestic supplyirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuel powernuclear powernydroelectric power

THIRD COAST ATLAS: Water Use in the Great LakesGraduate School of Design, Fall 2011

Critics Clare Lyster & Mason White

Individual research towards collaborative publication

This study of water use in the Great Lakes basins

contributed to a seminar and forthcoming publication on

the regional territory of the Great Lakes. The Third Coast

Atlas (ed. Clare Lyster, Charles Waldheim, and Mason

White) is a compendium of theoretical essays, maps,

scholarly research and design provocations that facilitate

a contemporary survey of the urbanization of the Great

Lakes Basin, known as the Third Coast.

Research & Visualization . Third Coast Atlas


sources: www.ec.europa.eu; United States Environmental Protection Agency

XX

n o a q u i f e r

A Q U I F E R T Y P E S

u n c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f l o w

u n c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w

u n c o n f i n e d m u l t i l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w

c o m p l e x m o n o l a y e r di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w

c o m p l e x m u l t i l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w

c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f o r m a t i o n

c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f o r m a t i o n

c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f o r m a t i o n

c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f o r m a t i o n

N O R W A Y

S W E D E N

F I N L A N D

D E N M A R K

G E R M A N Y P O L A N D

K a l u n d b o r gC o p e n h a g e n

T r e l l e b o r g

G o t e b o r g

H e l s i n k i

r e m e d i a t i o n /r e c y c l i n g w a s t e s e r v i c e s

0 k i l o m e t e r s 1 3

r a w m a t e r i a l st r a n s p o r t / a g r i c u l t u r a l & f o o d i n d u s t r y s e c t o r s

O s l o

K a r i s k r o n a

CORPORATE REMEDIATION Bioteknisk Jordens is one of six soil remediation companies owned by DVS Milj. The one-stop shopping contracting corporation offers remediation and recycling services for soils, construction debris and industrial byproducts, waste disposal services, excavation of raw materials, and ground transport for construction and agriculture. Tied to natural resources in the region, this business model operates above geologic and hydrologic subsurface systems that at once provide industrial resources while requiring remedial and preventative protection. Environmental legislation from the Danish government fosters the growing remediation economy.sources: www.geus.dk; www.eusoils.jrc.europs.ey; www.dsvmiljoe.dk; www.symbiosis.dk; www.ec.europa.eu; geonetwork4ewater; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; European Environmental Protection Agency

65

The contracting corporation offers remediation and

recycling services for soils, construction debris and

industrial byproducts, waste disposal services, raw material

excavation, and transport for construction and agriculture.

Tied to natural resources in the region, environmental

legislation from the Danish government fosters this

growing remediation economy (above left). Declining water

levels in nearby Lake Tiss following rapid industrialization

catalyzed environmental protection and remediation

legislature, spawning a market for new technologies in

resource effi ciency and waste reduction. In Kalundborg,

a local business model responded with ecologic industrial

symbiosisa system that reuses byproducts of one

industry in another, simultaneously reducing costs and

waste while generating municipal energy (above right). Site

operations are coordinated with respect to the symbiotic

model (below left).

CASE STUDY: Remediation & Symbiotic IndustryGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010

Critics Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann

Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel

This study presents one model for leveraging links

between economic potentials, site-specifi c geologies and

hydrogeographies, and the political legislation of land

use and resource management. The Bioteknisk Jordens

(SOILREM) soil remediation facility in Kolundborg,

Denmark reveals relationships between the geologic

resources and hydrologic limitations informing the political

management of groundwater resources in Denmark, the

specifi c site-scale operations of the remediation facility,

and the regional industrial symbiosis of facilities and by-

products.

POWER PLANT

CEMENT INDUSTRY

FISH FARM

OIL REFINERY

GYPSUM PLANT

PIG FARM

PIG FARM

PIG FARM

KALUNDBORG MUNICIPALITY

LOCAL FARM

LOCAL FARM

LOCAL FARM

TO BIO

PLANT

gas

gasgypsumsludge

steamyeast

fermentationsludge

waste heat

waste heat[return]

wasteheat

sludge

volatileashes

steam sulfer

SYMBIOSIS Declining water levels in Lake Tiss following rapid industrialization catalyzed environmental protection and remediation legislature, spawning new technologies for natural resource efficiency and waste reduction. A local business model responded with ecologic industrial symbiosis, a system that reuses byproducts of one industry in another, simultaneously reducing costs and waste while generating energy for municipal infrastructure.sources: www.geus.dk; www.eusoils.jrc.europs.ey; www.dsvmiljoe.dk; www.symbiosis.dk; www.ec.europa.eu; geonetwork4ewater; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; European Environmental Protection Agency

Research & Visualization . Remediation & Symbiotic Industr y


1919

The regional economy of Boston is resilient in its fluctuation to find niche markets and compete economically. Originally a port city for English goods, tied to natural resources and waterways for exporting, the region has evolved from industrial manufacturing to wholesale entrepreneurship to high finance to technological pioneering. Transportation infrastructure [i.e. waterways, railways and highways] has dictated the transformation of the areas economic landscape; these systems describe migratory patterns of industries, workforce relocation and concentration of wealth. Industries rearrange in response to each introduction to new means of mobility. Often the remnant of one industry becomes underpinning support for the new. The presence of academic research institutions, government funding and infrastructure has enabled a diverse economic evolution. Current economic conditions rely on finance/insurance and technological and biological research businesses. These industries are supported by smaller sectors of the workforce. Regional industries no longer transport goods but transfer knowledge, ideas and wealth to a global market through an intangible landscape of communication. The profitability of Greater Boston is dependent on the productivity of these international relationships. Banks not only support the region, but also have a presence overseas. Advancements made by thriving technology labs are not necessarily produced locally. These economic shifts reference the global nature of the regions original trading industries, though products and means of transport are significantly different. Boston has repurposed its culture of exchange and now participates in complex global flows of wealth and production.

left: Manufacturing peaks. Predominant industries were textiles, boots/shoes and publishing. The regions economy is defined by the acquisition of raw materials and the production/trade of goods. Dependency on natural resources sited manufacturing facilities and the towns they supported along waterway corridors [i.e. Merrimack and Charles Rivers]. Rivers were essential in the mobility of products/goods to international shipping ports. Throughout the 19th century, railroads steadily increased, connecting corridors and hubs of manufacturing. The network of rail + waterways describes the economic landscape of the time. right: Manufacturing migrates to the southern states for cheaper labor/petroleum causing a declined economy. The Great Depression yields more factory closings and job loss. The still-prosperous wholesale trade fosters an emerging market for finance and service industries. Local universities develop electronic and radio innovations and catalyze research development businesses, most notably Raytheon and Polaroid. The regions economy, once tied to shipping corridors, shifts towards roadways as automobiles become commonplace. Roadways join business nodes radially towards Boston, describing flow of capital.

agriculture/forestry

manufacturing

wholesale trade

finance/insurace

construction

services & sales

defense research/military facilities

mechanical/electrical

biotech

0 20 40 6010Kilometers

[Proportionally scaled per time period. Based on annual revenue of each industry] technology

[Source: Statistical Census 1870/1930/1967/2005, The Boston Region 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Route 128: Lessons from Bostons High-Tech Community, Building Route 128, The State of the Region: Informative Facts and Figures About Metropolitan Boston, The State of the Region: A Statistical Report, The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Town of Weymouth, BostonRoads.com, National Park Service]

1908 Model-T Production 1929 Great Depression 1937 Recession 1941-1945 World War II 19451964 The Cold War 1861-1865 Civil War

1920s

1925

1926

1930s

1938

1936

1931

19391939

1937

19401940

1942

1940s

19421942

1945

1946

1946

1947

1948

19481948

19491949

1946

Hygrade Sylvania Corporation begins manufacturing fluorescent lamps in Salem, MA

Cambridge company General Radio manufactures first strobe developed at MIT

Baird Atomic founded in Cambridge, to develop and manufacture spectrographic

instruments for industrial and scientific use.

Raytheon becomes first company to offer transistors radios commercially, leading

manufacturer through the mid-1950s

US Army General Georges Doriot launches American Research & Development

[worlds first public venture capital fund] to support Boston start-up companies.

The Johnson family opens Fidelity investments in Boston, MA

1946

Putnam Investments is founded

North Shore Shopping Center; designed like a New England village, becomes first

shopping center on Route 128 and first on the east coast.

Eastern Science Company is founded by graduates from the MIT

American Appliance Company changes name to Raytheon and begins manufacturing

electronic. Later relocates to Waltham, MA.

Edwin Land drops out of Harvard; develops revolutionary material for polarizing light.

Radio Shack of Boston publishes first catalogpolarizing light.

IBM supports harvard grad in constructing huge electro-mechanical digital computer

New York financiers back Edwin Land to buy out his partner and start Polaroid

Radiation Laboratory formed at MIT as center for Allied radar and radio research

Raytheon wins small production contract with British government

Raytheon president Laurence Marshall develop radical new mass production method

for magnetron, producing 80% of all the magnetrons used by the Allies during the war

Polaroid undertakes wide range of defense projects including goggles, reconnaissance

cameras, gunnery training equipment and the experimental DOVE missile

Georges Doriot, Harvard professor, becomes US citizen and brigadier general in where

he helps revolutionize the design, development and delivery of military goods

Raytheon begins work continuous wave radar, designed for fast, accurate targeting

Navy contracts MIT to begins building the Whirlwind computer [completed in the early

1950s]. Continued funding by the Air Force contributes to development of SAGE

MIT affiliates develop silk substitute material for parachutes; establish the

manufacturing and research company Instron in Norwood, MA.

Polaroid introduces its first instant film camera

First suburban beltway-associated office/industrial parks established by Cabot & Forbes

and David Nassif Company in Needham near Route 128

Jay Forrester at MIT develops tiny magnetic iron `cores [RAM] .

Regions economy is built on farming and the manufacturing of shoes, textile, machine

tools, tires, automobiles and electrical equipment

Route 128 planned

Brandeis University founded in Waltham, near Route 128

1636

1808

1784

1826

1823

1811

1834

18351835

1836

1837

1844

1848

1860

1861

1897

The Massachusetts Bank, the first in Boston and second to open in the nation, is

created to support trade activities

First shoe factory opens in Weymouth, MA. The shoe industry employs roughly 75% of

local residents until World War II

Bostons Custom House Block is complete atop Long Wharf

U.S. charter is approved to open the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston

Society of Natural History

Harvard College opens in Cambridge as the first post-secondary school in the Americas

Massachusetts first railroad charter is granted to the Granite Railway Company for

transporting granite from the Quincy quarries to the tidewaters of the Neponset River

The Globe Manufactory opens in Fall River

Construction begins on a new U.S. Custom House in Boston Harbor

Massachusetts three major pioneer railways are completed the Lowell, the

Providence, and the Worcester

U.S. Customhouse is built in Newburyports harbor

The Barnstable U.S. Customhouse and the New Bedford U.S. Customhouse are built

Natural bog iron is discovered in Weymouth, opening Weymouth Iron Works

The Old Colony Railroad extends lines through southern Massachusetts including

Weymouth and Abington

Lowell grows to be the largest industrial complex in the United States

The first North American subway opens in Boston

Bostons geography and location at the mouth of three rivers makes it ideal

location for trade. Boston becomes the capital of the Massachusetts

Bay Colony and an important headquarters of New World

volume is the largest in North America, four times that of New York. Ports increase

Trading diversifies to world ports when British relations decline. Bostons trading

along the Massachusetts coast

Lowell founds Lowell, MA as a planned manufacturing center for textiles.

Manufacturing spreads along the Merrimack River corridor and other Massachusetts

waterways and ports

1814

Francis Cabbot Lowell establishes the Boston Manufacturing Companys first mill in

Waltham, MA

pre1930s

Petroleum replaces whale oil, textiles and manufacturing relocate to the Southeast

United States. Massachusetts manufacturing, maritime, and trade economies dwindle

1901

The last of Bostons Custom House District warehouses is built near Central Wharf by

coffee and tea traders Chase and Sanborn

1819

The Salem Customhouse is built on Derby Wharf to regulate the flow of port goods

1826

Publishing supporting financial and trading news accounts for one in ten Boston

manufacturing firms, is the fourth largest city employer, and publishing capital

comprises 42% of all city investment

1931

19401940

Harpers Magazine calls Lowell a depressed industrial desert with only three textile

corporations still active and over a third of the population on relief without work

MIT opens Radiation Laboratory to assist the British in developing microwave radar

1940

For the first time in history, Boston sees a decline in population as roads and highways

ease mobility to surrounding areas

1941

The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) is formed to coordinate,

supervise, and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the

development, production, and use of mechanisms and devices of warfare.

The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) supercedes the NDRC in

coordinating scientific research for military purposes. MIT is one of the select

institutions to receive funding

1630

post 1783

1600

finance and government

REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

State Street was founded in 1792

1630

1970



manufacturing

wholesale trade

finance/insurace

construction

services & sales



biotech




19451964 The Cold War 1973 Oil Crisis 1987 Black Monday

1971

1971

1971

1972

1976

1975

1974

1976

1977

1976

19781978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1982

1985

1985

1986

1987

1973

1988

1988

1988

1989

1989

As older industries continue to drop, Massachusetts unemployment rate exceeds 12%

Digital Equipment Corporation ships its 30,000th minicomputer

Digital Equipment Corporation employs 120,000 people, [roughly halff Massachusetts],

achieves market value of $24 billion and ranks 38 on the Fortune 500

New England remains leader in shoe industry, manufacturing 40% of US. purchases

Massachusetts Biotechnology council founded

Digital Equipment Corporation goes public with an initial public offering value of $37

million, earning a 101% annualized return on investment for ARD.

Shire PLC based in Dublin, Ireland opens biotech office in Lexington Massachusetts.

Honeywell merges its computer business with General Electric to form Honeywell

Government cuts in defense and space programs lead to massive unemployment along

Route 128. Many people relocate to other states

German Biotech Merck KGaA opens offices in Rockland, MA [EMD Serono ] and

Geneva, Switerland [Merck Serono].

Advanced Instruments starts branch biotech company Spiral in Norwood

Masss High Technology Council forms to promote interests of high tech industry

Cullinane Corporation founded in 1968, becomes first software company to go public

EMC founded; initially to produce memory for minicomputers.

Make It In Massachusetts campaign from the administration of Governor Ed King

promotes resurgence of business activity

IBM introduces its personal computer threatening Massachusetts minicomputer

As high tech growth makes unemployment a non-issue, talk of Massachusetts Miracle

Advanced Instruments starts Mart Microbiology, a satellite company in Drachten

[northern Netherlands]

Organogenesis Inc. is established in Canton, MA with operations in the U.S. and

Switzerland. Today there are 300 U.S. employees

Physical assets of United Shoe Machinery in Beverly are auctioned off as international

competition mounts and nearly all US shoe manufacturers are out of business

Stetson Shoe of Weymouth closes its factory after over one hundred years

Apollo in Chelmsford, MA announces the first graphic super computers

Hewlett-Packard acquires Apollo for $476M

Computer Associates acquires Cullinet for $333M

1960

1961

1963

19671967

1968

1968

Compugraphic Corporation in Brookline to harness computer technology to typesetting

Tyco founded to do experimental work for the government

Freeze dried food & tube food for astronauts developed at Natick Army Labs

Raytheon HAWK becomes first missile to intercept and hit another missile

General Radio moves to new factory near train station in West Concord

Dr. Orrie Friedman leaves faculty position at Brandeis University to launch the worlds

first biotechnology company, Waltham-based Collaborative Research, Inc

First specialized graphics terminals developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratories

(Sketchpad), beginning the computer-aided design (CAD) era

National Institute of Health encourages Thermo-Electron to develop power source for

artificial heart

First issue of Computerworld is published in Newton, MA

19601960196019601960

Pharmaceutical Biotech Cytosol Laboratories opens in Braintree, MA

Information Systems

Competition forces Bowmar to files for bankruptcy and exits the calculator market

MIT trained Polaroid engineer Tom Scholz later starts Waltham company to develop

and manufacture technology for musicians

W. Gilbert and A. Maxam at Harvard devise method for sequencing DNA using

chemicals rather than enzymes, accelerating growth of biotechnologies sector in region

first true pocket calculator

Massachusetts Miracle and promise to America of good jobs at good wages

Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis run for presidency, partly on strength of

Polaroid introduces SX-70 Single Lens Reflex instant color camera and continues to

expand with film and camera manufacturing in Waltham and Norwood

1951

1951

1951

Walthams Bleachery and Dye Works closes; Raytheon buys plant

United Shoe Machinery Corp.of Beverly, MA starts division to create machines to

automate the manufacture of radios for General Motors.

Polaroid completes construction of its first plant off Route 128 in Waltham

Shoppers World opens in Framingham, first multi-story mall

Project Lincoln [later Lincoln Lab] is established by MIT to improve U.S. air defense

C.S. Draper of MIT begins development of inertial guidance for Polaris Missile, the first

missile to have an on board computer

Raytheons HAWK missile system is awarded by the Army

Advanced Instruments Inc. opened in Norwood, MA bringing electronic automation was

just beginning to be applied to laboratory methods. Today the early biotech owns

Thermo-Electron founded in Belmont by MIT researcher, Dr. George Hatsopoulos, to

develop thermionic energy technology the direct conversion of heat to electricity

ARD backed Digital Equipment Corportation begins producing worlds first

minicomputers in former Maynard woolen mill.

Servomechanisms Laboratory at MIT develops computer controlled milling machine.

Honeywell's Electronic Data Processing Division introduces its first computer, the

Datamatic 1000, based on vacuum tubes.

1952

1952

1953

1953

1954

1954

195419541954

1955

1956

19571957

1957

High Voltage Engineering moves to Burlington, MA. Pioneering radiation treatments for

cancer and developing tools for research in atomic physics

Route 128 opens from Danvers to Needham

David Clark Company, a Worcester, MA manufacturer of womens garments, is

contracted to produce pilots pressure suit for U-2 spy plane

Waltham Watch Company, pioneer of mass-produced timepieces, ceases

manufacturing operations. Symbolic of the decline of many older industries

US Army establishes Natick Lab in Sudbury, MA to research improvements in clothing,

food and equipment [Declared a federal Superfund site in 1994]

Lexington-based Itek founded with help of Rockefeller investment, begins secret

development of Corona, the first spy satellites for US government.

MITRE, a non-profit defense research lab with roots at MIT, is launched in Burlington,

Artificial Intelligence Laboratory is started at MIT

1957

1958

1959

1956

Construction of Route 3 bisects Weymouth

1950s

Bowmar Instrument Corp, Acton, MA; a manufacturer of LED displays, introduces the

The elevated Central Artery freeway is constructed through Bostons downtown,

separating many neighborhoods and business districts, including the

now-inactive Long Wharf port from the financial district

1950


left: An influx of defense spending combined with innovative science revives the regional economy post-WWII era. The U.S. Military supports further research in electronics, computer science, radio, radiation and nuclear physics at MIT labs and private corporations. Research innovations spawn technology businesses. Increased regional capital prompts sales and service sectors, and strengthens finance/insurance. As traditional manufacturing shrinks, new electronic/tech operations occupy empty facilities and sites. Massachusetts begins systematizing roadways encouraging business growth west/north of Boston. The workforce follows businesses in new suburban growth patterns, depopulating Bostons center. To the south, post-industrial economy lags.right: Unemployment spikes in 1978 as military funding fades concurrent to further declines in traditional industries. Scientific innovation evolves to include biotechnology and medical research industries, contingent on academic work at MIT and Harvard. High-tech computer/electronic industries continue to grow as products begin to enter the mainstream market. By the 1980s Route 128 businesses reconstruct the economy and employment dubbing the area the Massachusetts Miracle. Vehicular traffic and business success along the highways motivates the continuation and widening of local connectors. Manufacturing and wholesale have new adjacencies along major roadways [i.e. I-495], abandoning historic patterns of proximity to geographic waterways and landforms..

67

1970



manufacturing

wholesale trade

finance/insurace

construction

services & sales



biotech




19451964 The Cold War 1973 Oil Crisis 1987 Black Monday

1971

1971

1971

1972

1976

1975

1974

1976

1977

1976

19781978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1982

1985

1985

1986

1987

1973

1988

1988

1988

1989

1989

As older industries continue to drop, Massachusetts unemployment rate exceeds 12%

Digital Equipment Corporation ships its 30,000th minicomputer

Digital Equipment Corporation employs 120,000 people, [roughly halff Massachusetts],

achieves market value of $24 billion and ranks 38 on the Fortune 500

New England remains leader in shoe industry, manufacturing 40% of US. purchases

Massachusetts Biotechnology council founded

Digital Equipment Corporation goes public with an initial public offering value of $37

million, earning a 101% annualized return on investment for ARD.

Shire PLC based in Dublin, Ireland opens biotech office in Lexington Massachusetts.

Honeywell merges its computer business with General Electric to form Honeywell

Government cuts in defense and space programs lead to massive unemployment along

Route 128. Many people relocate to other states

German Biotech Merck KGaA opens offices in Rockland, MA [EMD Serono ] and

Geneva, Switerland [Merck Serono].

Advanced Instruments starts branch biotech company Spiral in Norwood

Masss High Technology Council forms to promote interests of high tech industry

Cullinane Corporation founded in 1968, becomes first software company to go public

EMC founded; initially to produce memory for minicomputers.

Make It In Massachusetts campaign from the administration of Governor Ed King

promotes resurgence of business activity

IBM introduces its personal computer threatening Massachusetts minicomputer

As high tech growth makes unemployment a non-issue, talk of Massachusetts Miracle

Advanced Instruments starts Mart Microbiology, a satellite company in Drachten

[northern Netherlands]

Organogenesis Inc. is established in Canton, MA with operations in the U.S. and

Switzerland. Today there are 300 U.S. employees

Physical assets of United Shoe Machinery in Beverly are auctioned off as international

competition mounts and nearly all US shoe manufacturers are out of business

Stetson Shoe of Weymouth closes its factory after over one hundred years

Apollo in Chelmsford, MA announces the first graphic super computers

Hewlett-Packard acquires Apollo for $476M

Computer Associates acquires Cullinet for $333M

1960

1961

1963

19671967

1968

1968

Compugraphic Corporation in Brookline to harness computer technology to typesetting

Tyco founded to do experimental work for the government

Freeze dried food & tube food for astronauts developed at Natick Army Labs

Raytheon HAWK becomes first missile to intercept and hit another missile

General Radio moves to new factory near train station in West Concord

Dr. Orrie Friedman leaves faculty position at Brandeis University to launch the worlds

first biotechnology company, Waltham-based Collaborative Research, Inc

First specialized graphics terminals developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratories

(Sketchpad), beginning the computer-aided design (CAD) era

National Institute of Health encourages Thermo-Electron to develop power source for

artificial heart

First issue of Computerworld is published in Newton, MA

19601960196019601960

Pharmaceutical Biotech Cytosol Laboratories opens in Braintree, MA

Information Systems

Competition forces Bowmar to files for bankruptcy and exits the calculator market

MIT trained Polaroid engineer Tom Scholz later starts Waltham company to develop

and manufacture technology for musicians

W. Gilbert and A. Maxam at Harvard devise method for sequencing DNA using

chemicals rather than enzymes, accelerating growth of biotechnologies sector in region

first true pocket calculator

Massachusetts Miracle and promise to America of good jobs at good wages

Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis run for presidency, partly on strength of

Polaroid introduces SX-70 Single Lens Reflex instant color camera and continues to

expand with film and camera manufacturing in Waltham and Norwood

1951

1951

1951

Walthams Bleachery and Dye Works closes; Raytheon buys plant

United Shoe Machinery Corp.of Beverly, MA starts division to create machines to

automate the manufacture of radios for General Motors.

Polaroid completes construction of its first plant off Route 128 in Waltham

Shoppers World opens in Framingham, first multi-story mall

Project Lincoln [later Lincoln Lab] is established by MIT to improve U.S. air defense

C.S. Draper of MIT begins development of inertial guidance for Polaris Missile, the first

missile to have an on board computer

Raytheons HAWK missile system is awarded by the Army

Advanced Instruments Inc. opened in Norwood, MA bringing electronic automation was

just beginning to be applied to laboratory methods. Today the early biotech owns

Thermo-Electron founded in Belmont by MIT researcher, Dr. George Hatsopoulos, to

develop thermionic energy technology the direct conversion of heat to electricity

ARD backed Digital Equipment Corportation begins producing worlds first

minicomputers in former Maynard woolen mill.

Servomechanisms Laboratory at MIT develops computer controlled milling machine.

Honeywell's Electronic Data Processing Division introduces its first computer, the

Datamatic 1000, based on vacuum tubes.

1952

1952

1953

1953

1954

1954

195419541954

1955

1956

19571957

1957

High Voltage Engineering moves to Burlington, MA. Pioneering radiation treatments for

cancer and developing tools for research in atomic physics

Route 128 opens from Danvers to Needham

David Clark Company, a Worcester, MA manufacturer of womens garments, is

contracted to produce pilots pressure suit for U-2 spy plane

Waltham Watch Company, pioneer of mass-produced timepieces, ceases

manufacturing operations. Symbolic of the decline of many older industries

US Army establishes Natick Lab in Sudbury, MA to research improvements in clothing,

food and equipment [Declared a federal Superfund site in 1994]

Lexington-based Itek founded with help of Rockefeller investment, begins secret

development of Corona, the first spy satellites for US government.

MITRE, a non-profit defense research lab with roots at MIT, is launched in Burlington,

Artificial Intelligence Laboratory is started at MIT

1957

1958

1959

1956

Construction of Route 3 bisects Weymouth

1950s

Bowmar Instrument Corp, Acton, MA; a manufacturer of LED displays, introduces the

The elevated Central Artery freeway is constructed through Bostons downtown,

separating many neighborhoods and business districts, including the

now-inactive Long Wharf port from the financial district

1950


left: An influx of defense spending combined with innovative science revives the regional economy post-WWII era. The U.S. Military supports further research in electronics, computer science, radio, radiation and nuclear physics at MIT labs and private corporations. Research innovations spawn technology businesses. Increased regional capital prompts sales and service sectors, and strengthens finance/insurance. As traditional manufacturing shrinks, new electronic/tech operations occupy empty facilities and sites. Massachusetts begins systematizing roadways encouraging business growth west/north of Boston. The workforce follows businesses in new suburban growth patterns, depopulating Bostons center. To the south, post-industrial economy lags.right: Unemployment spikes in 1978 as military funding fades concurrent to further declines in traditional industries. Scientific innovation evolves to include biotechnology and medical research industries, contingent on academic work at MIT and Harvard. High-tech computer/electronic industries continue to grow as products begin to enter the mainstream market. By the 1980s Route 128 businesses reconstruct the economy and employment dubbing the area the Massachusetts Miracle. Vehicular traffic and business success along the highways motivates the continuation and widening of local connectors. Manufacturing and wholesale have new adjacencies along major roadways [i.e. I-495], abandoning historic patterns of proximity to geographic waterways and landforms..

19952000 Dot-com Bubble 2008 Housing Market Crashmid 1990s Internet in common

1991

1991

[United States unemployment rate from1929-1998]

1932 1932

[Massachusetts annual revenue by industry from 1870-2005, in millions]

23.6%

$1 million

200,000

100,000

50,000

1870 2000

Canadian company Biotechnology Medical Services is founded. Today company serves

markets in 60 countries with subsidiaries located in France, UAE, Lebanon, Egypt and

USA [including greater Boston].

Biotech pioneer, Collaborative Research, research products division sold to

Becton, Dickinson and Company, name changed to Genome

Therapeutics, Corp.

1992

1993

1998

1998

1998

1999

2003

2005

2007

2008

2008

2009

2010

Massachusettss senate passes Life-Sciences Bill passes. Investing 1 billion dollars into

expanding the states life science industry

Cytosol Laboratories is purchased by Biomet based in Warsaw, Indiana

EMC software revenue reaches $445 million, making EMC the worlds fastest-growing

major software company

EMC purchases Data General for $1.1 billion

Eastern Science Company moved to Rowley, MA and begins concentrating on the

manufacturing of silicon chips

Digital Equipment Corporation purchased by PC-maker, Compaq for $9.6 billion

Millennium International Technology, Inc. established as a U.S based global biotech

company with locations in Canton and Avon, MA

Advanced Instruments acquires Delta Instruments, a Netherlands based company

specializing in technical dairy and food equipment

The biotech pioneer and Professor of Chemistry Emeritus, Dr. Orrie Friedman, pledges

$3.5 million to endow a chair in chemistry at Brandeis University

Japanese based company Takeda purchases Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc. of

Cambridge for 8.8 billion dollars

New York based biotech Bristol-Myers Squibb opens new pharmaceutical

manufacturing facility in Devens, Massachusetts with 350 employees

BioSphere Medical, Inc. established in Rockland, MA with connected companies in

Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India, talk of Massachusetts Miracle

Tyco is purchased by Covidien, LTD a biotech company based in Dublin, Ireland with

U.S. headquarters in Mansfield, MA

2004

Fidelity established an office in Mumbai, India with nearly 7000 employees

1999

2007

Great-West Life Assurance Company of Canada purchases Putnam Investments


left: The network of highways, roads, rails and mass transit lines allow business to infill the Greater Boston area, creating a distinction between the inside and outside of I-495. The centrally located financial district holds much of the regions capital in a few large international corporations; implying high risk in the possibility of financial institutions closing or relocating. The areas technology/research industries have continued to diversify, spreading smaller labs and facilities throughout eastern Massachusetts. With smaller revenues the 1000+ technology businesses in the area accumulate a significant portion of the local economy, while still participating in the global market. The regions 50 institutions of higher education contribute to an increasing trend of professional jobs in the area.

1990

2004

State Street purchased Deutsche Bank's securities services becoming the largest

security services firm in the world

Fleet Financial Group and BankBoston merge into FleetBoston Financial bank

2004

Bank of America purchases FleetBoston Financial bank keeping local headquarters

1999

Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand merged to create PricewaterhouseCoopers,

one of the worlds largest professional services firm



manufacturing

wholesale trade

finance/insurace

construction

services & sales



biotech




BostonOverseasDomestic

[Tenure of Regional Companies]

KnowledgeProducts

[Modes of Exchange]

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIES: Boston Metropolitan RegionGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010

Critics Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann

Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel

Historical mappings of industry distribution, capital flows,

and employee migration show the resounding connections

between regional economy and the geography of natural

resources and established corridors of transportation

since industrialization in the Boston metropolitan region.

These relationships evolved together as the economy

of eastern Massachusetts transitioned from an industrial

economy organized around waterways to a global biotech

and information economy organized around highway and

internet infrastructures. Geo-economic understandings

provided background for studio work.

Research & Visualization . Economic Geographies

69

SHRINKING CITIES: A Card Game for BaltimoreGraduate School of Design, Fall 2011

Critic: Jill Desimini

Individual work

In an advanced research seminar that explored the

landscape issues and potentials of shrinking American

cities, the format of a card game provides a typology

within which players can reframe the dialogue around

the shrinking city of Baltimore to focus on its vast

possibilities. This card game explores the mythology of

famous Baltimore foods, unravelling the stories behind

the landscapes and people that produced them and the

physical legacies theyve left in the urban environment,

While celebrating existing heritage, additional facts on

currently under-utilized resources, places and potentials

can be paired by players into new myths for the city.

To know the myths is to learn the secret of the origins of

things. In other words, one learns not only how things came

into existence, but also where to nd them and how to make

them reappear when they disappear. Mircea Eliade,

Myth and Reality

Research & Visualization . Shrinking Cities


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A NEW TYPE OF COMMUNITY GARDEN

A plant never drops a single seed. They spread hundreds. Thousands, even. We believe that collaboration is more effective than any individual acting alone. By creating an online community of gardeners, we create a common ground for collaborations to transform places. Look around. The whole city can become your garden. MORE>>

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GROUNDCOVER: The Mixed-Reality CityGraduate School of Design, Spring 2010

Critics: Jesse Shapins & James Burns

Collaboration with Sara Newey

The Mixed-Reality City explores the use of mobile and

social media to respond to the provocation that the

contemporary city is constituted by multiple overlapping,

intermixing realities, articulated between built form and

imagined space, individuated experience and collective

memory, embodied sensation and digital mediation.

GROUNDCOVER is an interactive project that employs

a website with mobile media and social media tools to

instigate safe but active collaborative practice for a local

community of guerilla gardenersthose who transform

the look of vacant lots and abandoned land with chosen

plants.

All website graphics in collaboration with Sara Newey, web

scripting and construction with Jesse Shapins and Kyle Parry,

at the metLAB (at) Harvard and the Sensory Ethnography

Lab, Harvard University.

A NEW TYPE OF COMMUNITY GARDEN

Community gardens are in high demand. Despite increased interest, the city of Somerville is able to provide only eight gardens for nearly 80,000 residents. Getting a plot requires a lot of patience. You will spend at least two years on the waiting list, behind hundreds of others hoping for a small bit of garden. But look around. When you begin to see through the eyes of a guerrilla gardener, the whole city can become your garden. Read about how, and take part in planting.

ORPHANED LAND

Less than 0.02% of land is used for community gardens in Somerville, but there is much more free space. 10% of the city is orphaned in vacant lots, barren medians, and highway or railroad buffers. Spontaneous vegetation, or weeds, have probably already noticed these sites and moved in on their own. With a few simple tactics, these spaces can become your new community gardens. It might not be your land, but you can choose what grows here. Give your neighborhood a new look.

EXPERIENTIAL OWNERSHIP

Just because someone else abandoned their lot, doesnt mean you should have to look at it. We believe in experiential ownershipthe idea that you can shape the experience of your neighborhood without having to technically hold the deed to the land. By sowing seeds across your local landscape, you can begin to claim ownership and take pride in the beautiful things that grow there.

THE ECOLOGY OF COMMUNITY

A plant never drops a single seed. They spread hundreds. Thousands, even. We believe that collaboration is more effective than any individual acting alone. In nature, ecologies are stronger when they are most diverse, and when all the parts work together. By creating an online community of gardeners, we create a common ground for collaborations to transform places. Join us.

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Resear

Documents

Emily Parish Gordon 2012 Portfolio