11

EMF ASSESSMENT BY MEASUREMENT

(IVORIAN CASE )

GUY-MICHEL KOUAKOU

Head of standardization service

VICE-CHAIR OF STUDY GROUP 5

22

PLANPLAN

• National Context National Context

• Post-processing analysisPost-processing analysis

• EMF assessmentEMF assessment

• Measuring equipment Measuring equipment

• Flowchart for measurementFlowchart for measurement

• Some statisticsSome statistics

• ConclusionConclusion

33

NATIONAL CONTEXTNATIONAL CONTEXT

• No legal protection framework in place for EMF related health No legal protection framework in place for EMF related health issues.issues.

• Major public concerns, misinformation about EMF health related Major public concerns, misinformation about EMF health related issues and particularly EMF effects from base stations.issues and particularly EMF effects from base stations.

• Many people are against the installation and deployment of base Many people are against the installation and deployment of base stations in their neighbourhoods.stations in their neighbourhoods.

• ATCI (National Regulatory Authority) ensures the need to protect ATCI (National Regulatory Authority) ensures the need to protect human health by adopting international standards such as:human health by adopting international standards such as:– ITU-T recommendations for compliance and estimation of EMF ITU-T recommendations for compliance and estimation of EMF

(K.52, K.70)(K.52, K.70)– ICNIRP (ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation

Protection) Protection) recommendation for exposure limits recommendation for exposure limits – CEPT recommendation for measurement procedures (ECC(02) CEPT recommendation for measurement procedures (ECC(02)

04 revised) 04 revised)

44

EMF ASSESSMENTEMF ASSESSMENT

• Measurements campaign in the town of Abidjan (the capital).Measurements campaign in the town of Abidjan (the capital).

• Measurements were carried out in the 10 KHz to 6 GHz bandMeasurements were carried out in the 10 KHz to 6 GHz band

• In situ measurement: about 3 hours per location (1 month for all In situ measurement: about 3 hours per location (1 month for all locations)locations)

• some words about measurement protocol some words about measurement protocol – Based on three cases;Based on three cases;– Case 1 for quick overview to find the point where the field is higher Case 1 for quick overview to find the point where the field is higher

(1.1, 1.5, 1.7)(1.1, 1.5, 1.7)– Cases 2 & 3 for detailed investigation which allow to scan variable Cases 2 & 3 for detailed investigation which allow to scan variable

frequency band to deal with specific servicesfrequency band to deal with specific services

• EMF Estimation for these locations were carried out using the EMF estimator EMF Estimation for these locations were carried out using the EMF estimator (K.70) and technical (K.70) and technical characteristics of characteristics of base stations at the varoius points. base stations at the varoius points.

• First step: 103 locations were identified for measurements but later First step: 103 locations were identified for measurements but later restricted to 43 locations using a decision level of 0.3 v/m.restricted to 43 locations using a decision level of 0.3 v/m.

55

FLOW CHARTFLOW CHART

Exigences de protection de la santé respectée

Exigences de protection non respectée

Résultats> limites CIPRNI

66

MEASURING EQUIPMENTMEASURING EQUIPMENT

ANTENNESA EME SPY 120 (88Mhz - 3Ghz)

• For case 1: RF radiation meters with isotropic field probes and a dosimeterFor case 1: RF radiation meters with isotropic field probes and a dosimeter

EMR 300 W/G (10 Khz - 3 Ghz)

• Cases 2 & 3: Spectrum AnalyserCases 2 & 3: Spectrum Analyser

x

y

z

EMF from différent services

(TV, FM, GSM …)Tri axis Probe

Switch

Spectrum analyser Anritsu

MS2721B

y

z

x

77

POST-PROCESSING (1/2)POST-PROCESSING (1/2)

• Measurement uncertainty estimation according to IEC guide: Measurement uncertainty estimation according to IEC guide:

• For each case equipment uncertainty was taken into account.For each case equipment uncertainty was taken into account.

CAS 2

Input quantity

Uncertainty of xiU(Xi)(%)

Ci (CiU(Xi))2(%)Value (dB)

distribution

Antenna Factor 2,00  normal 25,89 1,00 12,95

Cable 0,20   2,33 1,00 1,16

isotropy 1,70rectangula

r 21,62 1,00 12,48

Receiver 2,00   25,89 1,00 12,95

Combined standard uncertainty (66% )

    21,29

Expanded uncertainty (95 %)

  41,74

IEC “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement IEC “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement Ed. 1, 1995

88

POST-PROCESSING (2/2)POST-PROCESSING (2/2)

• GSM measurement extrapolation was considered for maximum possible GSM measurement extrapolation was considered for maximum possible traffic. Measurements were done only for the permanent control channel.traffic. Measurements were done only for the permanent control channel.

The extrapolation to the maximum traffic is then calculated by the following formula Emax = E Control Channel x sqrt (n Transmitteers)

• The determination of « n » was done in accordance with typical The determination of « n » was done in accordance with typical base stations configurations.base stations configurations.

• For each location an extrapolation factor was estimated.For each location an extrapolation factor was estimated.

99

RESULTRESULT

Every measurement was found to have been in compliance with ICNIRP limits.

1010

SOME STATISTICSSOME STATISTICS

• The average field level per The average field level per service was low (under 1V/m) service was low (under 1V/m) except for GSM service where except for GSM service where the average levels were 1.336 the average levels were 1.336 V/m for GSM 900 and 2.67 V/m for GSM 900 and 2.67 V/m for GSM 1800 V/m for GSM 1800

0,720

0,015

0,241

0,033

0,312

1,336

0,023

2,669

0,044 0,0420,378

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

HF

PM

R

FM

PM

R-B

ALIS

E

TV

GS

M 9

00

RA

DA

RS

-DA

B

GS

M 1

800

DE

CT

RA

DA

RS

-BLR

-FH

Explo

ratio

n

E(V/m)

Average field level per service

• According to ICNIRP limits. According to ICNIRP limits.

GSM 900 represent 3.31% GSM 900 represent 3.31% and GSM 1800 represent and GSM 1800 represent 4.70%4.70%

2,57%

0,05%

0,86%

0,12%

1,12%

3,31%

0,05%

4,70%

0,07% 0,07% 0,62%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

HF

PM

R

FM

PM

R-B

ALIS

E

TV

GS

M 9

00

RA

DA

RS

-DA

B

GS

M 1

800

DE

CT

RA

DA

RS

-BLR

-FH

Explo

ratio

n

E(V/m)

Ratio between average value and ICNIRP limits

1111

SOME STATISTICSSOME STATISTICS

• For GSM 900 : 98 % of field For GSM 900 : 98 % of field levels was less than 10% of levels was less than 10% of limits value (4 V/m) ;limits value (4 V/m) ;

• For GSM 1800 : 89 % of EM For GSM 1800 : 89 % of EM field was less than 10% of field was less than 10% of limits value (5.68 V/m); limits value (5.68 V/m); 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

service HFPMRRadio FMPMR-BALISETV Bande IV et VGSM 900RADARS -DABGSM 1800DECT

RADARS-BLR-FH

Explorationsatellite,

10%< niveau < 100%

5%< niveau < 10%

2%< niveau < 5%

1%< niveau < 2%

< 1% de la valeur limite

Field level distribution per service

1212

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• K.GUIDE should include :K.GUIDE should include :– A detailed measurement procedure taking into account the work done A detailed measurement procedure taking into account the work done

by CEPT, CENELEC and IEC. by CEPT, CENELEC and IEC. – A procedure to choose relevants location for measurementA procedure to choose relevants location for measurement– A methode to caculate extrapolation factor for GSM in multi-source and A methode to caculate extrapolation factor for GSM in multi-source and

multi-operators environment.multi-operators environment.

• ATCI will work with GSM operators to reduce the level of exposure ATCI will work with GSM operators to reduce the level of exposure accordind to mitigation technics proposed by recommendation UIT-accordind to mitigation technics proposed by recommendation UIT-T K.7O. T K.7O. 

• ATCI will use EMF estimator to assess the compliance of base ATCI will use EMF estimator to assess the compliance of base station before their installation. station before their installation.

1313

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION

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