Emerging Opportunities in Chemical Safety Information

Ralph Stuart

Chemical Hygiene Officer, Keene State College

Leah McEwen Chemistry Librarian, Cornell University

Evan Bolton

Lead Scientist, National Center for Biotechnology Information

December, 2015

Abstract

•  Abstract:Publicandprofessionalconcernaboutchemicalsafetyinlaboratorieshavemountedoverthelastdecadeasaseriesofincidentsinresearch,teachingandhighschoolse8ngshaveledtoseriousinjuriesanddeaths.Inresponse,severalACScommi?eesanddivisionshaveprovidedguidanceondevelopingriskassessmentsforlaboratoryprocedures.However,thisstrategyfacestwospecificchallenges:–  1)convenientaccesstoreliablechemicalsafetyinformaGon;and–  2)lackofsystemaGcguidancetousethisinformaGontoidenGfy

appropriatehazardmanagementstrategies.•  ThiswebinarwilldescribecollaboraGveeffortsbetweentheCINFandCHAS

toaddressthesechallenges.Specificresources,suchasPubChem’sLaboratoryChemicalSafetySummarieswillbedescribed,aswellaslogictoolswhichcansupporttheuseoftheseresources.OpportuniGesforpartnershipsforfurtherimprovingthesesourcesandtoolswillbediscussed.

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Today'sTopics

1.  OverviewofLabChemistrySafetyLogic2.  AShortHistoryofElectronicLabSafetyInformaGon3.  TheLibrarian'sRoleinSupporGngSafetyLogic4.  ACaseStudy:PubChemLCSSs5.  Ge8ngInvolved6.  LookingForward

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RisingConcernsaboutChemicalSafetyintheLab

The Research Lab

The Teaching Lab

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2011

2014

The Issue of Laboratory Safety Culture

2012

2014

AreWeLearning?DemonstraGonmethanolfiresat:1.   BeaconSchool

NewYorkCity,January20142.   DiscoveryMuseum

Reno,Nevada,September20143.   STRIVEPreparatorySchool

Denver,Colorado,September20144.   CubScoutgroup

Raymond,Illinois,October,20145.   LincolnParkHighSchool

Chicago,November,20146.   LincolnHighSchool

Tallahassee,Florida,May20157.   WoodsonHighSchool

Fairfax,VA,November2015

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WhatShouldWeBeLearning?

1.   ReplacingtheHazard:useadifferentdemonstraGonmethod

2.   EngineeringControls:inthelaboratory,primarilyvenGlaGon

3.   TrainingandOversight:forbothdemonstratorsandaudience

4.   PersonalProtecSveEquipment:gloves,glassesorsafetyshieldsappropriatetothechemistryandthescenario

5.   EmergencyPlanningandResponse:bothequipmentandtraining

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TheConceptualLesson:SafeChemicalUserequiresaSystem

Managing chemical hazards in the lab involves organizing 5 strategies into a system:

1.  Hazard Reduction 2.  Engineering Controls 3.  Training and Oversight 4.  Personal Protective Equipment 5.  Emergency Planning and

Environmental Protection This approach is appropriate for chemical risks within the scope of the OSHA lab standard. Other uses of chemicals and other hazards require more extensive analysis.

AdjusttheChemistrytoMinimize

theHazards

EngineeringControls

Trainingand

Oversight

PersonalProtecGveEquipment

EmergencyPlanningandEnvironmentalProtecGon

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TheRealityoftheLabSeVng•  Safetyinacademicresearchlabsisa

longstandingconcern;in1964,theACSCommi?eeonChemicalSafetychairwrote:“Scien'ficresearchinthecampuslaboratoriesisoneofthemostexci'ngac'vi'esintheworldofideas,andoneoftheleastorderlyintheworldoforganiza'ons.”

•  Riskmanagementstartswithriskassessment;butlabriskschangeconGnuouslyandunpredictably

•  SoweneedtodevelopflexibleriskassessmenttoolsandappropriateeducaSonfortheiruse.

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A recent census of lab hazards at a major research institution; these proportions are changing rapidly.

Chemicals (80%)

Biological Agents (40%)

Radiation (25%)

EmergingRiskAssessmentToolsforLabHazards

Thesystemissupportedbyemergingtools.Threekeytoolsare:

–  TheGloballyHarmonizedSystem(GHS)–  TheRAMPparadigmfromLaboratorySafetyforChemistryStudents(HillandFinster)andACSCPT

–  Iden&fyingandEvalua&ngHazardsinResearchLaboratoriesfromtheACS

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The RAMP model for Building a Lab Safety System

ManagingChemicalSafetyinvolves6keysteps:1.   EHSCulture2.   HazardIden'fica'on3.   RiskAssessment4.   ManagingSafety5.   PlanningforEmergencies6.   Protec'ngtheEnvironmentOrganizingthesetoolsrequiresapartnershipbetweenlabworkersandtheinsGtuGon.

TheBoXomLine:RiskAssessmentisaResearchProcess

TheRAMPmodelofChemicalSafety

ACRLInformaSonLiteracySkills

Safetyculture ScopetheInquiry

Recognizehazards CollectData

Assessrisks EvaluatetheInformaGon

Managesafety ApplyDatatoMakeDecisions

Plan,ProtectShareLessonsLearned

DocumenttheProcessandOutcome

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IntheRealWorld,InformaSonSystemsareChangingAsWell

•  1990–1998:Web1.0–  datadeliveryviae-mailandhtml;groupcommunicaSonbecomesconvenient

•  1998–2003:Web1.5–  searchenginespromotediscoveryandcross-disciplinarycollaboraSon

•  2003–2010:Web2.0–  SomuchinformaGonisavailablethatinformaGonbrokersarenecessary

–  Thesebrokersdevelopedsiloedpla[ormstosupportspecificusecases RBS

ExamplesofLabSafetyWeb2.0pla[orms

•  Institutional data: lab rooms and worker rosters

•  Safety training: requirements and records

•  Risk data collections: inventories, SDS’s

•  PPE Wizards •  Lab ventilation:

tracking in building management systems

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Mainframes Personal computers

2010–2015:Web2.5

•  Changingtechnologies,userexpectaSons,andtheincreasingcomplexityoftheinterdisciplinarylabworldbrokeWeb2.0efforts.

•  PartofthereasonforthisispoorinformaSonmanagementpracGces(compeGngframeworks;poorprovenancepracGces,hightrainingcosts)ledtounstructuredcommunicaGonthatdoesnotscale,isnottransferablebetweenlabsandisnotsustainable.

Twitter traffic: 2010-2015 RBS

TheVisionBeyond2015•  Theemergingwebfavors:

–  Sitesaredesignedasanodesinthenetworkratherthancontrollersofthenetwork

–  ConsideraGonofContextualUsability(useoftheinformaGonbeyondthescreen)

–  EffecGveopensourcepeercuraSon,buildingone-maillistsandWikipedia

•  Whatisemergingisaflexiblystructuredecosystemofdata,workflowtoolsanddomainexper&semappedtotheessenSalcommonaliSesoftheusecaseandcontent,connectedbygoodinformaSonmanagementpracSces

Wikipedia articles

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InformaSonConnecSons

SDS Search and Product Safety Center

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/

SIRI MSDS Index

Biological Safety Data Sheets

CHEMINDEX FREE on the WEB!

International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets

Pathogen Safety Data Sheets and Risk Assessment

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

TOXLINE: A TOXNET DATABASE

SDS and Chemical Information from Manufacturers

ChemIDplus: A TOXNET DATABASE

https://www.dol.gov/

http://www.csb.gov/ Does each organization (or scientist) use their own favorite data source(s)? Do these various data sources provide consistent information (gaps, errors)? How does the health and safety decision change with different information (or lack of it)?

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ManyDifferentNeeds

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SafetyOfficersLibrarians

FacultyDepartments

StudentsResearchers

{ InsStuSons:ResearchFundingRegulatory

http://www.betterlivingwithreiki.com

~ ~

~

Stakeholders:AcademicView

LaboratoryChemicalSafetySummaries

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DataSourceofDataSources

Acetone .. seven sources CDC NIOSH, NJ HSFS, DOL OSHA, ILO ICSC, NLM HSDB, CDC ATSDR, EPA/NOAA CAMEO

One chemical .. many useful sources Each resource has some overlaps Each resource has unique content

What if you have ten chemicals? What if you have ten sources for each? How much time will one spend comparing these?

By integrating these, PubChem acts as a one stop shop for

data needs with links back to primary data

sources

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PubChemDataFieldsMappedtoLCSS

acetone

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LaboratoryChemicalSafetySummary(LCSS)Form(NRC)

PubChemLCSS

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FindingLCSSsatPubChem

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/lcss/ LRM

PubChemLCSSasadatastream

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h?ps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/idexchange/idexchange.cgi

hXps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/acetone#datasheet=lcss

SafetyOfficeUseCases

•  Inventorysystems(consolidateddatastream)

•  Chemicalprofiling(safetyplanning)–  incidentanalysis–  reacGvityclassificaGon

•  Researchtoolforsafetysystemstudies

•  ThesystemwillbeusedtoprovidesuggesGonsforsafetymeasures.

Inventory Requirements: •  GHS labeling with pictograms, signal words

and hazard statement codes •  SDS from manufacturer or equivalent for

‘house solutions’ (including incompatibilities) •  Identifiers, preferably with concentration and

physical form specification

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ChemistryEducatorUseCases

•  Chemicalprofilingforlabcurriculum(downloadLCSSsforchemicallists)

•  TeachingliteracyinRAMPprocess(searchingforinformaGonandcomparingdatasources)

•  Analyzingproceduresforchemical,equipmentandprocesshazards

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Need for Targeted Information: •  Identification of reagents, products •  Reactivity and associated hazard analysis •  Associated exposure control information •  Alternative reagents or reaction pathways •  Iterative over repeated experiments

•  Experimentalplanning•  Capturinglabrisk

assessmentsandanylessonslearned

•  PublicaGonofsafetynotesaspartofSupplementalInformaGon

•  UseofsafetyinfotoolsanddocumentaGonpromotessaferesearchgroupculture

ChemistryResearcherUseCases

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ChemicalVendorUseCases

•  RequirementtodisseminatechemicalsafetyinformaGon(e.g.,SDS)

•  VisibilityofcataloginformaGon

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InformaSonPracScesthatSupportthisVision

•  Ontology:themachinereadablesystemofdefiniGonsandlinksbetweenthosedefiniGons

•  AnnotaSon:thehumanprocessofprioriGzingelementsandmakingdecisionsbasedontheavailableresourcesandthegoaloftheproject

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InformaSonPracScesthatSupportthisVision

•  Whatdoesthisgiveyou?–  Improvedquery/analysis

GotoawebsearchengineTypeinanaturallanguagequeryGetananswer

Whatistheboilingpointofbenzene?

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CalltoAcSon!

•  ProfessionalSafetyCommunity•  ChemicalEducatorCommunity•  ChemicalInformaGonCommunity

–  InformaGonScienGsts– Librarians&ServiceProviders

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SafetyProfessionalInput•  Data

– Whatisneeded/availableorshouldbeadded/removed?

•  Use–  Aredataaccessmechanisms/formatsappropriate?

•  Review–  Isanythingamiss?ChemicalusecasevariaGon?

•  AnnotaGon–  ShareyourannotaGonandhelpimprovethatavailable

•  Tellafriend–  Expandingthecommunitywillincreaseimpact

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ChemicalEducaSonInput

•  Commonchemicallistsandlabprocedures– Aretheycovered?– Mixturesvs.purechemicals?

•  RAMPexercisestomodel–  IstheinformaGonavailabletosupportRiskAssessmentsastheyarepracGcedandtaught?

•  ConsideraGonsuniquetonon-researchlabexercisesanddemonstraGons?

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CheminformaScians…

•  Dataingest,management,structure•  Grouping/classificaGon,terminology/synonymy•  Textmining&analysis•  Clean,saniGze,validate•  Dotheabove…

orelse…(horror!)

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ChemistryLibrarians

•  Suggestdatasources– MOREMOREMORE!!!

•  PromoteLiteracy –  PromoGngawarenessanduseofsources

–  EncouragingevaluaGonofdataandprovenance

•  Developsafetydatare-usescenarios–  Outlineservices,includingannotaGon

–  DocumentinstrucGonsforaccessingdata

–  AssistinestablishinguseinvariousinsGtuGons

•  Teachinglabs•  Researchlabs,ELNsystems,etc.

•  EHSandothercampusserviceoffices EEB

RelatedInformaSonEfforts

•  IUPACInChIprojects– QRcode(integratedwithbarcodescanners)– Mixturesextension(purity,components,etc.)– Lookupservice(protocolsforfederatedsearch)

•  PistoiaChemicalSafetyLibraryiniGaGve•  Others(orenwithvariableusecases)

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FutureWork

1.  Develop process descriptors which can data mine the literature to identify process hazards (CINF professionals)

2.  Develop a Chemical Safety Ontology (joint effort of CINF and EHS professionals)

3.  Develop a crowd annotation approach for EHS professionals, potentially hosted by PubChem, an institution and/or service (TBD)

4.  Lessons learned framework RBS

TheFuture:OngoingCollaboraSonwithaVarietyofPartners

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General news about the project's progress can be found at http://www.irampp.org

References

1.  PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary, Kim et al. Fall 2015 ACS CHED CCCE Newsletter http://confchem.ccce.divched.org/2015FallCCCENLP3

2.  The Safety “Use Case”: Co-Developing Chemical Information Management and Laboratory Safety Skills, Stuart and McEwen, Journal of Chemical Education http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00511

3.  Meeting the Google Expectation for Chemical Safety Information: Chemical Risk Assessment in Academic Research and Teaching, Chemistry International, McEwen and Stuart http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ci.2015.37.issue-5-6/ci-2015-0505/ci-2015-0505.xml?format=INT

4.  Safety Data Sheets: Information that Could Save Your Life, Rohrig, ChemMatters Magazine. http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/2015-2016/december-2015/safety-data-sheets.html RBS

ThankstoManyColleagues!

•  AmericanChemicalSociety(ACS)ProfessionalMemberDivisionsofChemicalHealth&Safety(CHAS),ChemicalInformaGon(CINF),ChemicalEducaGon(CHED)

•  ACSCommi?eeonChemicalSafety(CCS)SafetyAdvisoryPanel(SAP)

•  NaGonalLibraryofMedicine(NLM)PubChemTeam

•  InsGtuGonalCollaboratorsUniversityofCaliforniaUniversityofNewHampshire

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QuesSons?

U. Minnesota 2014-06-17