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Emerging Ideas Workshop: No- and Low-Water Power Plant Cooling
Nicholas Cizek, ARPA-E Fellow
March 28, 2012
2
Estimated US Water Flows 2005 (MGD), Total: 400 BGD
AJ Simons (LLNL and USDOE), 2010. Based on J Kenny (USGS), 2009
3
Estimated US Water Flows 2005 (MGD), Total: 400 BGD
AJ Simons (LLNL and USDOE), 2010. Based on J Kenny (USGS), 2009
Subject to
CWA §316(b)
How will we produce this electricity
without this water?
4
15
Source: Solley, 1998; EPRI 2003, A Survey of Water Use
ProjectedPopulationGrowthFrom Campbell, 1997
+20%
+29%
+10%
+81%+68%
+37%
+36%
%
Figure I-2. Water Shortages and Population Growth (Water shortage is defined as total freshwater withdrawal divided by available precipitation. Water withdrawal data are taken from Solley et al., 1998; ratios shown are taken from EPRI,
2003a; and projected population growth is taken from Campbell, 1997.)
30% Population Increase by 2030, Mostly in DRY PLACES
Solley (USGS), 1998; EPRI, 2003; Campbell (US DOC), 1997
+37%
+68% +81%
+10% +36%
+29%
+20%
5
Objectives
Identify needs and transformational technological approaches for • Enabling dry cooled power plant efficiency ≥
wet cooled power plant efficiency • Enabling GW-scale dissipation of low grade heat
(35° C) to air without evaporating water or raising surface water temperature.
Identify metrics
AM Brainstorm
PM Brainstorm
Dry Cooled Power Plant with Thermal Storage
Water Cooled Steam
Condenser
Thermal Energy
Storage Tank
Tank to Air HX
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Dissipating GW of 35° C Heat to Air
• Increase surface area • Increase heat transfer coefficient • Increase passive or forced convective air flow
rate • Decrease parasitic load
Boomsma, et al, Mechanics of Materials, 2003
Power Plant Dry Cooling Techno-Economic Goal
LCOE ≤ 5¢/kWh
One Route: Installed Price ≤ 2¢/W
No Efficiency Loss
9
Topics Not For Discussion
In the interest of time, the following topics will not be discussed: • Regulations, policies, subsidies • Incremental improvements • Demonstration projects
10
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