Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire Chapter 9 Slide 2 Slide
3 Whatever happened to Rome? The Barbarians Germanic Peoples Goths,
Angles, Saxons, Franks 476 ad Rome falls and Empire shifts East to
Constantinople Role of family Weregild Ordeal Kingdom of the Franks
Clovis (Christianity) Mayors of the Palace Charles Martel (Battle
of Tours, 732) Pepin Charlemagne Slide 4 Carolingian Empire 800 ad
Charlemagne crowned emperor by the Pope Leo III in Rome Who is
pope? What does this say about role of church? Carolingian
Renaissance Renewed interest in Latin culture and classics (Greek)
Slide 5 The Role of the Church Rome officially adopts Christianity
circa 400 ad under Theodosius the Great As state falls apart,
structure of church remains Parish priest Bishopric (diocese)
Bishop Archdiocese - Archbishop Bishop of Rome becomes primer inter
pares (first among equals) and becomes pope Gregory I 590 - 604
Slide 6 Bishop The Pope Diagram of Catholic Church Hierarchy Slide
7 The Role of the Church Monks people who separate themselves from
society to dedicate themselves to God Monasticism Hermit Communal
Monasteries / abbot Benedictines Repositories of knowledge and
centers of learning Nuns / abbesses Missionaries Slide 8 Slide 9
Development of Feudalism Between 800 1000 AD Europe suffered from a
series of invasions Muslims (from south) Magyars (from east
(Hungary) Vikings (from north) Inability of central government to
provide protection led to a decentralized system called feudalism
Slide 10 Feudal Life Lord a person of some wealth and power Vassal
a person who served a lord in some military fashion Knights armored
warriors frequently fought in tournaments as a way of training Fief
grant of land to a vassal Feudal Contract the set of unwritten
rules that determined the relationship between lord and vassal
Chivalry ideal of civilized behavior Peace of God Truce of God
Obligations were mutual Slide 11 Growth of European Kingdoms
England (post Roman withdrawal) Angles and Saxons Normans (French)
William the Conqueror 1066 Battle of Hastings Henry II Common law
Struggle with church Thomas a Becket King John 1215 Magna Carta
Runnymede Edward I Development of English Parliament Slide 12
French Kingdom Carolingian dynasty (Charlemagne) Capetians (987)
Philip II attempted to push English out of France Louis IX Ruled as
a Christian King Philip IV (Estates General) Slide 13 European
Kingdoms Holy Roman Empire Otto I (Germany) 962 crowned emperor of
the Romans Frederick I and II struggle with popes Central and
Eastern Europe West (Latinized Catholic) South / East (Byzantine
Eastern Orthodox) Russia Kievan Rus Oleg assimilation Tatar Yoke
Alexander Nevsky (Moscow) Slide 14 The Byzantine Empire Eastern
Roman Empire (Latin) transitions to Byzantine Empire (Greek)
Emperor appoints patriarch 1054 schism between Eastern Orthodox and
Catholic Church Seljuk Turks 1071 defeat Byzantine army Slide 15
The Crusades A series of religious wars in which European
Christians attempted to conquer the Holy Lands Council of Claremont
(1095) Pope Urban II
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmvKDJgXS8k Results: Italian cities
(Genoa, Pisa and Venice) gained wealth. Anti-Semitism Breakdown of
feudal society Cultural diffusion Slide 16 Europe in the Middle
Ages Chapter 10 Slide 17 A Change in Europe Population grows Fewer
invasions Increase in agricultural productivity 3 field system
(fallow) Warmer climate Land clearing Technology Watermill Windmill
Slide 18 There were three men came out of the West, Their fortunes
for to try, And these three men made a solemn vow: John Barleycorn
must die. They've ploughed, they've sewn, they've harrowed him in,
Threw clods upon his head, And these three men made a solemn vow:
John Barleycorn was dead. They've let him lie for a very long time,
Till the rains from heaven did fall, And little Sir John sprung up
his head, And so amazed them all. They've let him stand till
midsummer's day, Till he looked both pale and wan, And little Sir
John's grown a long, long beard, And so become a man. They've hired
men with the scythes so sharp, To cut him off at the knee, They've
rolled him and tied him by the way, Serving him most barbarously.
They've hired men with the sharp pitchforks, Who pricked him to the
heart, And the loader he has served him worse than that, For he's
bound him to the cart They've wheeled him around and around the
field, Till they came unto a barn, And there they made a solemn
oath, On poor John Barleycorn. They've hired men with the crab-tree
sticks, To cut him skin from bone, And the miller he has served him
worse than that, For he's ground him between two stones. And little
Sir John and the nut-brown bowl, And he's brandy in the glass; And
little Sir John and the nut-brown bowl, Proved the strongest man at
last. The huntsman, he can't hunt the fox, Nor so loudly to blow
his horn, And the tinker he can't mend kettle nor pot, Without a
little Barleycorn Slide 19 Slide 20 The Manorial System Manor
agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants Serfs
peasants who were legally bound to the land Serf is NOT a slave
Seasonal work Labors of the month
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_riches_heures_du_Duc_de_Berry
Heavy consumption of ale and wine? Slide 21 Cities and Trade
Medieval Europe primarily agricultural Regional differences develop
Port cities (Flanders, Venice) Development of money Commercial
Capitalism Difference between town and farm Freedom from
agricultural servitude for serfs after year & day Freedom to
buy and sell property Freedom from military service City life
Walled in Dirty, smelly, high risk of fire Relatively small
compared to Arab and Asian contemporaries Guilds organizations of
related craftspeople that set standards, prices and regulated all
aspects of a particular trade Apprentice Journeyman Master Slide 22
Role of Christianity In Europe at this time Christianity = Roman
Catholic Pope as both spiritual and secular leader Feudalism had
led to a system of lay investiture Pope Gregory VII and Investiture
Controversy Concordat of Worms Papal supremacy royal power gets the
splendor of its dignity from the papal authority Use of
interdiction and excommunication as weapons New Religious orders
Cistercian strict, simple and out in the community Franciscans (St.
Francis of Assisi) simplicity and poverty lived in the world
Dominicans response to heresy The Inquisition (church court charged
with discovering and dealing with heretics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFL2vvK63dg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFL2vvK63dg Popular religious
practices Veneration of saints and intercession Indulgences relics
Slide 23 Culture of the High Middle Ages Rise of the university
Bologna Paris Oxford Contact with Muslim world leads scholars to
rediscover works of Greek philosophers Scholasticism attempts to
reconcile faith and reason St. Thomas Aquinas - Summa Theologica
Rise of vernacular Troubadour poetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Chantar2.ogg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Chantar2.ogg Chanson de geste
(Song of Roland) Slide 24 Medieval Architecture Cathedrals were
built to show the power of the church and to provoke awe Basilica
Romanesque Gothic Flying buttress Ribbed vaults and pointed arches
Stained glass Slide 25 The Late Middle Ages Europe struck by a
series of calamities that profoundly changed the face of Europe The
Black Death Anti-Semitism Decline in trade Labor shortages lead to
wage increases Demand for food decreases leads to lower food prices
Landlords need for cash leads to money payments instead of service
ending serfdom. Slide 26 Church Power Declines Popes at Avignon
(Babylonian Captivity) The players King Philip IV of France Pope
Boniface VIII The issue Phillip asserts the right to tax clergy in
France, Pope claims supremacy and that he had to give permission
for taxes. The story Phillip sends troops to capture Boniface who
escapes but dies soon after Phillip sees to election of a French
Pope (Clement V) who takes up residence in Avignon, France (1305
1377) Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome in 1377 where he dies.
Citizens of Rome inform cardinals that unless Italian is elected
pope they would die Pope Urban VI Great Schism 1378 1417 The
results Church loses political authority and claims of supremacy
Church loses spiritual authority Slide 27 The Hundred Years War
(1337 1453) Starts as feudal dispute, ends as war between nations
Edward III of England as Duke of Gascony is vassal to Phillip VI of
France. Phillip seizes control of Gascony and Edward declares war
on France English longbows prove decisive against French armored
cavalry at Crecy and Agincourt Joan of Arc French use of cannon
proves decisive in end Slide 28 The New Monarchies France (taille)
England (War of the Roses (1485) Spain (Muslim) 1492 Ferdinand and
Isabella and fall of Granada Eastern Europe remains fragmented
Religious differences External conquests
