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EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT USING DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
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NEWMEXICODESALINATIONASSOCIATION
PREPAREDBY:DeborahDixonandMikeHightower
June2018
1. NewMexicoregulatoryrequirements:a. Sourcewater:BrackishWaterRulesinNMperOfficeofStateEngineer(OSE)
i. essthan1,000mg/Ltotaldissolvedsolids(TDS),essentiallysalts,orabove2,500feetbelowgroundsurface:normalwaterpermitapplicationsandjurisdictionapply.Waterrightsareassignedforbeneficialuse.
ii. Greaterthan1,000mg/LTDS,andbelow2,500feetbelowgroundsurface:apermitisrequired,butnobeneficialuseassignmentisneeded.
iii. Additionally,noimpairmentoffreshwatermayoccurbyextractionofthebrackishwaterforeithersourcecategory.
b. Finishedwater:DesalinationTreatment–NMEnvironmentDepartment(NMED)DrinkingWaterBureau(DWB)
i. Potabledrinkingwateruserequiresapermit(notrequiredforagriculturaluse)
1. StandardsfordrinkingwaterqualitymustadheretotheNationalPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulations,essentiallylessthan1,000mg/LTDS.
2. AnymodificationtoexistingpublicwatersupplysystemmustobtainwrittenapprovalfromtheNMED-DWBbeforetheyundertakeapublicwatersystemproject(20.7.10.200.A,20.7.10.201.ANMAC).
3. TheprojectmaynotbeputintooperationuntilapprovalhasbeengivenbytheDWB.
4. Projectscoveredbytheconstructionapplicationshallbesampledfororganicandinorganic&radiologicalcontaminantsandifwatersourceis anewgroundwatersourcethatisnotunderthedirectinfluenceofsurfacewater,applicationmustincludeaninventoryofexistingandplannedfacilitiesandlandusesthatareactualorpotentialsourcesofcontaminantsofconcernlocatedwithin1,000feetofawatersource.
5. ProjectsthatincorporateBestAvailableTechnologies(BATs)willbereviewedwithin45days.ProjectsthatusetreatmentotherthanaBATwillbereviewedwithin120days.Also,applicationsforthesetypesofprojectsmustincludeaperformancedemonstration(pilottest)thatwascompletedbyafieldtestingorganizationwiththecredentialsstatedintheregulations.
ii. Costs
1. Drillingandequipmenttopumpdeepwellwaterarehigh
2. Forlongtermuse,canrequiresstainlesssteeldrillpipeduetooftencorrosivewaterqualitycharacteristicsofbrackishwater
EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT USING DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
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iii. Ifintegratingintoexistingwatersupplysystem–mustaccountforcompatibilityofwaterqualityconstituentsbetweenexistingwatersupplysourceandtreatedbrackishwatertoavoidnegativereactionsindeliverysystem
c. Wasteconcentratedisposal:(oftenconsideredindustrialwaste)–RequiresNMEDSurfaceand/orGroundWaterBureaupermits
i. TheNMEDGroundWaterPollutionPreventionSection(GWPPS)reviewsandapprovesgroundwaterDischargePermitsfordischargesthathavethepotentialtoimpactgroundwaterqualitypursuanttoSubpartsIIIandVoftheWaterQualityControlCommission(WQCC)regulations(20.6.2NMAC).
ii. Dischargeofconcentratewastestreamoptionsinclude:
1. Injectionwell–requiresNMOSEapproval
2. Sanitarysewer–couldimpactexistingNMEDWasteWaterTreatmentPlant(WWTP)dischargepermit
3. Evaporationpond(s)–requiresNMGWBdischargepermit-easiesttoapprovebutcouldcostupto$250,000persurfaceacreofstoragecapacity
4. Concentrateresourcerecovery–recyclesaltsforbeneficialuse,currentBATsuggestsplantsizesexceeding6milliongallonsofbrackishwateradaybetreated,whichisnotofascaleusedforemergencywatersupplies.
2. Opportunitiestoacceleratepermitapprovalprocess
i. Sourcewater:mostchallengingtoaccelerate;currentprocessrequires:
• Proofoflandownership
• Publicadvertisement,
• Permittedquantity-restrictsquantityofwaterabletobelegallyextracteachyear
• Hydrologeologicevaluationtodemonstratenoimpairmenttootherfreshwatersources-oftensubjecttoprotests
ii. Finishedwater:
1. discusswithNMEDtheapplicationoftreatedwatertoestablishwaterqualityneeds;
2. processcouldbestraightforwardifnotconnectingtoexistingwatersystem–i.e.usedtoprovideemergencydrinkingwaterusingtanktrucks,watertrailers,etc.
iii. Wasteconcentratedisposal:
1. Avoidinjectionanddisposalinexistingsanitarysewer
2. Collectandtruckconcentratetonearbyapproved/largecapacityWWTPfacility,existingpermittedevaporationpond,i.e.powerplant,miningoperation,etc.orexistingbrackishwaterdisposalwell
EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT USING DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
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3. ChallengesandPossibleSolutions
i. “Onesize”doesnotfitallw.r.t.waterqualityofbrackishsourcewater
Solution-characterizebrackishwatersourcesinNMandcategorizethosewhicharesimilar–thendefineBATtreatmentapproachesforeachcategorytominimize(oreliminate)needformanyindividualpilottests.ThiscouldbedoneincooperationwiththeBureauofReclamationBrackishGroundwaterNationalDesalinationResearchFacilityinAlamogordo.
ii. Integrationofnewwatersourcewithexistinginfrastructureofmunicipalwatersystemcancreatenegativechemicalreactions
Solution-onlyprovidetemporary“bottlefilling”siteinsteadofconnectingtoexistinginfrastructure
iii. Funding
Solutions-securegrantsinadvance+pre-payforequipment,pre-negotiateleasingcostswithsuppliers,drillbrackishwellsinadvance,orutilizeexistingwellsthathavebecomebrackishanduseportabledesalinationequipment
iv. Disposalofby-productconcentrate
Solutions-utilizeevaporationponds(aremosteasilyapprovedalthoughcanbeexpensive),oruseinexpensiveplasticholdingtankstostoreconcentrateandhaulofftoappropriatefacility
v. NMEDpermittinglikelyeasiertoexpeditethanOSEpermitprocessduetoproofofnoimpairmentstipulation
Solutions-pre-negotiateexpeditedapprovalprocesswithNMED,passastatutesimilartoemergencywelldrillingpermitwhichallowsimplementationpriortohydrogeologicevaluationandapproval
4. Ideally,incorporatelong-termwatersupplyresiliencyplanningforcommunitiesinNMthatarepotentiallyorchronicallyvulnerabletowatersupplyshortages–suchasLasVegas,SantaFe,SoutheasternNM,ClovisandPortales,HatchValley,WesternNM,andNortheasternNM.
ThiscouldincludethepurchaseorleasebytheStateofportabledesalinationequipment,waterstorage,andconcentratestorageequipmentthatcouldbeusedinemergencies.
Thiscouldalsoincludepre-leasingofportabledesalinationequipmentorofmobiledesalinationsystemsthathavebeenpretestedondifferenttypesofNMbrackishwatertoestablishproductionflowrequirementsandoperationalcriteriatomeetNMwaterqualityregulations.
Someexamplesofthedifferentmobileandportabledesalinationequipmentavailableandwaterstoragetanksareprovidedinthefiguresandtablesthatfollowonthenextcoupleofpages.
Foratypicalbrackishgroundwaterdesalinationsystem,asystemtreating10,000gallonsperdayofrawwaterwouldcreateabout8,000gallonsperdayoffinishedwaterforacommunityandcreateabput2,000gallonsperdayofconcentrate.Duringanemergencythiscouldprovideasmuchas5gallonsperdayoffreshwatertoover1500people.
EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT USING DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
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US WATER 20,000 GPD COMMERCIAL REVERSE
OSMOSIS SYSTEM AR-7-20000
$28,000
500 GPD PLANT, FULLY TRANSPORTABLE, SURFACE WATER FEED AND DISCHARGE
VEOLIA 100,000 GPD PORTABLE, SELF-CONTAINED, DESALINATION SYSTEM ON 18-WHEELER
EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT USING DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
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AMPAC, 100,000 GPD TRANSPORTABLE
DESALINATION SYSTEM. INCLUDES DESAL AND
GENERATOR CONTAINERS. A LARGE PORTABLE
DESALINATION PLANT WOULD INCLUDE RAW
WATER HOLDING TANKS, TREATED WATER HOLDING TANKS, AN CONCENTRATE
HOLDING TANKS.
Raw, Finished, and Desalination Concentrate Storage Tanks Size and Prices June 2018
Vertical Plastic Water Tanks
Capacity (gallons)
Dimensions (feet) Ship From Tank Cost
($)
2500 8x7 CA, TX 1300
5000 8x10 UT, CA, TX 2500
8000 12x12 TX 5000
10,000 12x14 CA, TX 5500
13,000 12x16 AL 11,000
15,000 12x18 TX 16,000
Horizontal Plastic Water Tanks
Capacity (gallons)
Dimensions (feet) Ship From Tank Cost
($)
2500 6 ft dia. ND 4300
3500 6 ft dia. ND 7000
4500 7 ft dia. ND 7000