Emergency Measures adopted before monsoon, during and after rainfall at World Heritage Site of Mohenjodaro during 2013 under National Fund for Mohenjodaro

NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO

C U L T U R E D E P A R T M E N T

Pre-monsoon emergency works for prevention of rain damages at

Mohenjo-Daro Site started from April, 2013.

G O V E R N M E N T O F S I N D H

Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator




Pre-monsoon works identified as follows:-1. De-silting and removal of debris and mud slush out of drainage devices.

2. Renewal of mud capping and resetting of loose bricks.

3. Re-pointing with mud mortar for consolidation of wall cores i.e. grouting of cracks, filling voids in walls, etc. complete.

4. Erection of dry burnt brick masonry buttressing to the leaning walls in order to avoid from collapsing as a temporary measures.

5. Erection of steel shoring (properly designed) to the extremely tilted or out of plane walls in order to stop them from further collapsing.

6. Construction of shallow drains lined with pacca brick masonry.

7. Repair and construction of barriers/mud pushtas in mud brick masonry in order to slow down the speed of rain run off and to divert the flow of rain water towards less sensitive areas.

8. Filling up of cavities and holes of the mud capping of the walls with salt free pure clay obtained from the river Indus, to prevent the rainwater entering into the core of the walls.

9. Recording of gullies with the help of maps and the reinforcement of the same with sundried brick masonry.




Conventions adopted for site works on maps.



Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator,

Conventions adopted for site works on maps

in SD-Area.





in DKG- South Area.





in DKG- North Area.





in VS-Area.





in HR-Area.




RAIN WATER IS THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO THE WEAR AND DAMAGE OF RUINS AND IT CAN DAMAGE THE STRUCTURES IN SEVERAL WAY; BY WASHING AWAY THE SOIL (EROSION AND SCOURING), • BY MAKING THE SOIL LOOSE, (I.E. WEAKENING THE LOAD BEARING CAPACITY) RESULTING IN TILTING OF WALLS.




BY DEPOSITING SOILS (SILTING) WHICH MAY OBSTRUCT THE PASSAGE OF WATER




BY WASHING AWAY ENTIRE SECTIONS OF THE WALLS OR PART OF STRUCTURES




RAIN WATER CAUSES TUNNELING, GULLIES, FURROWS AND CREVICES




OBVIOUSLY, THE DESIGN OF PROPER DRAINAGE RELIES ON CAREFUL STUDIES AT SITE. EQUALLY IMPORTANT, THE DRAINAGE PATTERNS AND REQUIREMENTS SHOULD BE OBSERVED DURING RAINY PERIODS, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A REALISTIC IMPRESSION OF THE HOW, AND HOW MUCH, WATER IS MOVING IN THE VICINITY OF THE STRUCTURES.




SIDE DRAINS AND SHALLOW DRAINS WHICH COLLECT AND LEAD THE WATER AWAY FROM WALLS.




How to over come afore mentioned damages of rains:-Measures adopted during this ensuing monsoon season, 2013, according to plan, by constructing barriers, filling voids in capping and to maintain catch-water drains which catch surface water before it reaches the walls, building scour checks, preventing erosion and barriers by slowing down the flow of the water.




BARRIERS




BARRIERS




Designing surface drainage which enables the water to flow off out of remains smoothly.




Drainage work in progress (Shallow drain and building scour check)




Constructing scouring checks.




Constructing scouring checks.




Damage and wear to the structures can be reduced if the flow of water is controlled. Minor damages can easily be repaired as part of the regular maintenance provided to the remains and its structures. If the flow of water is not properly managed, the deterioration of the structures will be more serious and occur more rapidly. This will lead to higher maintenance demands. An efficient drainage system is therefore essential to allow water to flow off and away from the walls as quickly as possible. This is achieved by a system consisting of the following components:




Maintenance of drainage devices i.e cleaning, removing mud slush, dust dirt, debris and all kinds of rubbish.




















Resetting work in SD Area




























Stabilization of endangered part of structures by building dry brunt brick buttressing or steel shoring.




Stabilization of endangered part of structures by building dry brunt brick buttressing.












Brushing before application of mud slurry.




Mud slurry work




Mud slurry work




Mud pushta in DKG Area




Resetting work in DKG Area
















Wall base protection either with mud filling or by sundried bricks




Wall base protection either with mud filling or by sundried bricks




Mud brick flooring DKG-South Area




Mud brick flooring DKG-South Area




Mud capping and slurry in Block-29, DKG-North




Mud capping and slurry in Block-29, DKG-North




Mud capping in Block-29, DKG-North




Mud capping and slurry in DKG-North












Brushing before application of re-pointing in SD Area.




Re-Pointing work at Stupa












Mud pushta work at Stupa




Resetting work at SD -Area




Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in DK area




Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in DK area




Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in HR area




Filling of gullies with mud bricks after rain at DKG-

South -Area




Filling of gullies after rain at SD- Area












THANKS

Documents

Emergency Measures adopted before monsoon, during and after rainfall at World Heritage Site of Mohenjodaro during 2013 under National Fund for Mohenjodaro