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Emergency CommunicationsEmergency Communications

“The Four legs of effective “The Four legs of effective emergency communications”emergency communications”

Dan Bart, Senior Vice President, Standards and Special Projects, TIA

Co-Chair, ANSI HSSPEmergency Communications Workshop

NISTDecember 14-15, 2005 1

GSC9/Joint_028

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MissionMission

To enhance the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and ensuring their integrity.

A Private- and Public-Sector Partnership Since 1918

ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.

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• Academia • Individuals • Government • Manufacturing • Trade Associations

A Federation A Federation of members representing . . .of members representing . . .

• Professional Societies • Service Organizations • Standards Developers • Consumer and Labor Interests• and many more.

Bringing the Private and Public Sectors Together Since 1918Bringing the Private and Public Sectors Together Since 1918

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ANSI is . . . an “umbrella” organization for the U.S. voluntary

consensus standards community a private-sector led and public-sector supported

standards coordination body a not-for-profit organization

ANSI is not . . . a standards developer a government agency

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Background:Background:HS Standards Coordination Needed HS Standards Coordination Needed

The National Strategy for Homeland Security (2002) identified the need for standards to support homeland security (HS) and emergency preparedness Fourteen critical infrastructure areas were noted

January 2, 2003 Report for Congress states: “Neither the federal government, nor the nongovernmental sector presently has a comprehensive, consolidated program for developing new preparedness standards.”

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Response: ANSI-HSSPResponse: ANSI-HSSP

February 5, 2003: Formation of ANSI-HSSP announced Facilitate the development and enhancement of

homeland security standards Serve as private/public sector forum for standards

issues that cut cross-sector Co-chairs provided by industry and government

A forum for information sharing on HS standards issues

Does not itself develop standards Not a “gatekeeper” for access to DHS or other agencies

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ANSI-HSSP StructureANSI-HSSP Structure

Lead by ANSI-HSSP Co-Chairs Steering Committee

Comprised of Government Agencies, ANSI SDOs, non-ANSI SDOs, and Companies (ANSI members and non-ANSI)

Advisory Group (TAG) to US Experts to ISO Security Advisory Group (SAG)

Full Panel: Nearly 100 organizational participants

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ANSI-HSSP – ParticipationANSI-HSSP – Participation Participation on the HSSP is open to all affected interests

(ANSI and non-ANSI members) Federal, State and Local governments Industry representatives Trade Associations and Professional Societies Standards Developers (ANSI and non-ANSI) Fora/Consortia Academia Consumer interests

ANSI HSSP uses Plenary Meetings and Workshops Biological and Chemical Threat Agents Enterprise Power Security and Continuity Perimeter Security Standardization Training Programs for First Response to WMD events

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ANSI HSSP WORKSHOP ON EMERGENCY ANSI HSSP WORKSHOP ON EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS (December 2004, Chicago)COMMUNICATIONS (December 2004, Chicago)

The term “Emergency Communications” means different things to different people or organizations To some, it is only TELE-communications To others it is the “content” of the message or communication, not the media or

facilities used, i.e., the “water” not the “pipes” To some, “emergency communications” only come from GOVERNMENT Many believe emergency communications must cut cross-sector and cross-

technology areas to be effective and harmonized, and to send an unambiguous, important communication

Must also consider persons with disabilities in sending and receiving emergency communications

Must also consider citizens for whom the primary language is not English

What does it mean in the TELECOM Sector and for the ANSI HSSP Emergency Communications Workshop and breakout groups??

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EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONSEMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

The major communications sector standards organizations gather periodically at an event called Global Standards Collaboration or GSC Those organizations who participate on a regular, recurring basis are

called “Participating Standards Organizations” or PSOs, and currently consist of:

TIA and ATIS (USA); ETSI (EU); ISACC (Canada); TTA (Korea); TTC and ARIB (Japan); ACIF (Australia), and CCSA (China).

ITU-T and ITU-R also participate regularly Other groups have also been invited and most have participated: ANSI,

JTC-1, IETF, ATMF, IEEE, SCTE, APT, CITEL, IEC, ISO, ITSA, etc. Next GSC in Chicago in May/June 2006, hosted by TIA www.gsc.etsi.org

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Global Standards collaboration (GSC)Global Standards collaboration (GSC)RESOLUTION GSC-8/1: RESOLUTION GSC-8/1: Emergency Communications (Ottawa 2003)Emergency Communications (Ottawa 2003)

Concludes that emergency communications can be partitioned into concerns covering

communication

(1) from citizens to authorities and/or organizations providing emergency services,

(2) between such authorities,

(3) from such authorities to citizens and

(4) amongst affected citizens; that it is important for PSOs, authorities and/or organizations providing

emergency services in countries across the world to continue to collaborate in the development of technical standards, and to share information on emerging technologies and services that can be used for emergency communications;

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Resolution GSC-10/02: (Joint) Emergency Resolution GSC-10/02: (Joint) Emergency CommunicationsCommunications (Sophia-Antipolis 2005) (Sophia-Antipolis 2005)

Resolves:1. to establish a continuing area of work on “emergency communications” to further encourage

cooperation and the sharing of information among SDOs, ITU, and others working on standardization activities relating to communications in emergency situations, in particular addressing communications from individuals/organizations* to authorities communications between and among authorities communications from authorities to individuals/organizations communications amongst affected individuals/organizations.

including, but not limited to, developing standards applicable to existing and future systems for: technical means for delivery of early warnings or alerts priority access to emergency call access numbers; provision of location information; suitable technologies for use in networks dedicated to public protection and disaster relief communications; interoperability between public networks and networks dedicated to emergency communications; priority access by emergency services personnel to communications services;

* Use of the term “individuals/organizations” is intentionally broad and intended to include citizens, non-citizens and visitors, employer-to-employee emergency communications, as well as employer-to-employer, and also encompasses the unique concerns for persons with disabilities and those individuals who may not be fluent in the language(s) or dialects in use in the locus of the emergency or disaster.

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Resolution GSC-10/02: (Joint) Emergency Resolution GSC-10/02: (Joint) Emergency CommunicationsCommunications (Sophia Antipolis 2005) (Sophia Antipolis 2005)

Resolves:2. to encourage ongoing cooperation and collaboration among national, regional and

international activities that relate to emergency communications, such as Project MESA and to provide forums to collect aggregated government users’ needs at the local, state or provincial, or national/international level;

3. to encourage PSOs to support ongoing national activity and cooperation between industry, PSOs, administrations and authorities in the establishment of emergency communications and harmonize terminology used, for example, use of the term “emergency communications” and not “emergency telecommunications” in order to embrace and include the widest range of new systems, services, and technologies and not just “telecommunications”;

4. to draw to the attention of PSOs the need to examine the characteristics of providing emergency communications over packet-based networks, including Next-Generation Networks; and

5. to enhance collaborative efforts at the international level to make most efficient use of resources and enable a timely and focused approach in the global deployment of systems and solutions.

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Types of Emergency CommunicationsTypes of Emergency Communications

Indiv/Org-to-Indiv/Org: An individual communicating an emergency to another individual or private organization via available options (e.g., ONSTAR-like message, amateur radio, mobile and land-line communications, broadcast and mass media, Internet, email lists, faxes, information services, and word of mouth).

Indiv/Org-to-Government: An individual communicating an emergency message to appropriate authorities via available options (e.g., E9-1-1/1-1-2 call to Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), amateur radio, and mobile communications (with or without location services).

Government-to-Government: Governmental authorities communicating to each other, other agencies and appropriate National Security / Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)-designated private industry concerns and coordinators (i.e., using all forms of communications services, private radio, Commercial Mobile Radio Services, e-mail/messaging alerts, etc.).

Government-to-Indiv/Org: Government or authorized officials communicating alerts or details of an emergency to individuals and organizations via available options (e.g., Governmental mass media alerts, citizen accessible radio services and common channels, highway alerts, voluntary private sector alert services [localized and national], e-mail/voice-mail and word of mouth).

I/OtoI/O

GtoI/O

GtoG

I/OtoG

EmergencyCommunications

Individuals/Organizations to Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services

Between Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services.Also GETS and WPS

From Government Authorities and/or orgs providing emergency services to individuals/organizations

Amongst and between affected individuals

Includes Employer-to- Employee and Employer- to- Employer

Note: The previous term “Citizens” included Private Individuals or organizations.

TSP (NS/EP)Restoration

Services

EmergencyCommunications

Telecom

& RadioService

s

As per GSC Resolutions on Emergency Communications (2003, 2004, 2005).

GtoI/O

GtoG

I/OtoG

Legend:

I/OtoI/O

BroadcastMedia

Services

Internet Other

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Implementation Example: National Emergency Implementation Example: National Emergency Telecommunications Services Telecommunications Services (U.S. NS/EP Services Structure)(U.S. NS/EP Services Structure)

Note: This graphic model of U.S. ETS and services provided is intended as a visual example; not as an official consensus or decision.

U.S. ETS Model

Wireline Wireless Cable Satellite

TSP WPS

IPS

GETS IPS

IPS WPS

IPS

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Types of Emergency Communications (Services and Types of Emergency Communications (Services and Support)Support)

Emergency Communications

Communications Services (Public/Dedicated/Private Wireline/Wireless)

Broadcast Media(TV, Radio, Other)

Internet Other

VoIP/ENA, IPS, TSP

IPS, IPSvCable, TSP

PSECS, NCAS, TSP

Web access, Information services

EBS (TV & Radio), Broadcast news affiliates, ARS, Shortwave radio notification

Intra-Gov’t broadcast

EBS (TV & Radio), Broadcast news affiliates, Amber Alerts, Print media

Broadcast news affiliates, Shortwave radio notification, Print media

ENA, PSTN, PSAP, PACA, ARS, LAES & location ID component, TSP, GMDSS

ETS, GETS, WPS, NETS, PRS, CMRS, PSAP, TSP, GMDSS, SatService, TsecEmCom, WPSvSatCom, IPSvSatCom, CWIN, PSWIN, SAFECOM, AGILE, TDR/PPDR, ATIS, TIA TR-8, Project MESA, etc.

GASvE, GASvS, GASvH, ARS, GMDSS, TsecEmCom, NCAS, etc.

“On-Star”-like service, SASvE, CtoCvPSTN/CMRS, ARS, GMDSS, CtoCvS

WoM, ??,

TsecEmCom,

CATV, SatCom, TsecEmCom, GtoCvWoM

CtoCvWoM

I/OtoI/OGtoI/OGtoGI/OtoG

Note: Acronyms used and their placement are not necessarily approved, but try to visually show the kinds of Emergency Communications that are available and being used.

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Terms and Acronyms Used:Terms and Acronyms Used:

ARS: Amateur Radio Services CATV: Cable Television Citizen: Includes private individuals or organizations CMRS: Commercial Mobile Radio Services CtoCvS: Citizen to Citizen via SMS/text CtoCvWoM: Citizen to Citizen via Word of Mouth CWIN: CIP & Cyber Warning Information Network Emergency Communications: Encompassing of all forms and

services available to governments and citizens Emergency Telecommunications: Including telecommunication

infrastructure transmission & reception and the variety of emergency and priority communications services concerning public, dedicated and private telecommunications networks (i.e., NS/EP ETS)

ENA: Emergency Number Access (i.e., 9-1-1, E9-1-1, E1-1-2, E1-1-9, etc.)

EBS: Emergency Broadcasting System ETS: Emergency Telecommunications Service (NS/EP) GASvE: Government Alert Service via Email GASvH: Government Alert Service via Highway GASvS: Government Alert Service via SMS GETS: Government Emergency Telecommunications Service

(NS/EP) GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

Government: Appropriate authority and/or organizations providing emergency or other response services (NS/EP)

IPS: Internet Priority Service (NS/EP) LAES: Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance (NS/EP) NCAS: National Cyber Alert System NETS: Nationwide Emergency Telecommunications Service

(NS/EP) NS/EP: National Security/Emergency Preparedness Project MESA: Public Safety Int’l Partnership for Broadband

Capabilities, Mobility for Emergency and Safety Applications PRS: Private Radio Services (e.g., P25, Tetra) PSAP: Public Safety Answering Point PSECS: Public Schools Emergency Communications System PSWIN: Public Safety Wireless Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network SAFECOM/AGILE: US Government programs addressing

public safety communications issues (i.e., interoperability) SASvE: School Alert Service via Email TsecEmCom: Transportation-sector Emergency

Communication systems (e.g., Amber Alert on Highway Sign TDR: Telecommunications for Disaster Relief (ITU-T) TSP: Telecommunications Service Priority (NS/EP) VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol WPS: Wireless Priority Service

Note: Acronyms used are not necessarily approved, but an attempt to visually show the kinds of Emergency Communications that are available and being used.

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Emergency Communications area Emergency Communications area NOT reviewed in reviewed in the ANSI HSSP workshop, since being addressed in the ANSI HSSP workshop, since being addressed in other placesother places

Government-to-Government (GtoG): Governmental authorities communicating to each other, other agencies and appropriate National Security / Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)-designated private industry concerns and coordinators (i.e., using all forms of telecommunications services, private radio, Commercial Mobile Radio Services, e-mail/messaging alerts, etc.)

“Interoperability” is the ability of two or more organizations to communicate and share information (voice, data, images, and video) in real or near real time

There are numerous other activities and Workshops addressing government-to-government communications and interoperability including activities such as:

– NIST/DHS Public Safety Interoperability Workshops

– SAFECOMM Office of DHS

– AGILE (Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law Enforcement) Program

– Project 25 and other work in TIA TR-8

– National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC)

– Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC)

– National Task Force on Interoperability

– APCO, NASTD, FLEWUG, and other User Organizations’ activities

– Internationally at ITU, Project MESA, GSC, etc.

– To name a few

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Organizations Present at ANSI HSSP EC Organizations Present at ANSI HSSP EC and Citizen prep Workshops in 2004and Citizen prep Workshops in 2004

Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)

American National Standards Institute Association of Public-Safety Communications

Officials (APCO) BearingPoint Bell Mobility BSA, Webelos 2 Den Leader from Pack 1071 Cingular Wireless Emergency Services Interconnection Forum (ESIF) ETSI EMTEL Presentation Gallaudet University IHS/Global Industry Canada Intrado Kontek Industries Lockheed Martin Lucent Technologies Motorola, Inc. National Electrical Manufacturers Association

(NEMA)

NFPA 1600 Technical Committee National Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST) National Emergency Number Association (NENA) Network Reliability and Interoperability Council

(NRIC) Pacific Northwest National Labs Send Word Now Communications Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

(SCTE) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) The JED Group, LLP The Safe America Foundation Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Urban Health Inc US Department of Homeland Security – FEMA US Department of Homeland Security – S and T

Directorate Verizon Wireless Emergency Response Team (WERT) Western Suburban Consolidated Dispatch Center Wheelock, Inc.

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Citizen Preparedness needs during HSSP Citizen Preparedness needs during HSSP WS were identified:WS were identified: Unpredictability of events and resources available (e.g., which communications methods

will be knocked out and how will relays work?) Family members or friends with disabilities (e.g., hearing, sight, etc.) Language barriers (reaching non-English speakers) Knowing who in your neighborhood is a ham/CB/etc., operator that could assist with

emergency communications Know what your Employer policies are for reaching employees Have an “out of area” contact point family can use to relay messages Pre-programmed messages in cell phones (e.g., SMS) that can be sent (“Help,” “I’m ok,”

etc.) All emergency phone numbers of schools, work, neighbors, should be in your phone

NOW! What are your alternates to using 911 (i.e., citizens being able to communicate with

citizens when 911 is down) or to report the emergency? Program your phone for non-emergency numbers for police, fire, EMS, etc.

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Government-to-I/O Issues Discussed, also Government-to-I/O Issues Discussed, also the need for citizen PREPAREDNESSthe need for citizen PREPAREDNESS

The public safety agency (or other government body) comes back to the public with alerts or warning messages or other governmental emergency information. What needs to be sent out, By whom will it be sent, and Under what circumstances? What is measurement of success of the emergency communications?

Emergency Communications will often take place during time of extreme stress on resources.

Are you prepared to receive the messages? Redundant service providers and equipment, line-powered phones, some form of

back-up power, NOAA Radio, AM/FM Portable and batteries. Do you have a GO BAG? Boy Scouts/Cub Scouts/Girl Scouts are trained to BE PREPARED!

Emergency Nos. 911 Non Emergency Police Fire EMS Poison Control

Neighbor

Neighbor

Neighbor

Mom (M) Dad (M)

Our Street

HSOC Neighbor

OUR HOUSE 1297 E Algonquin 847-605-1234

Neighbor

Meeting Place Neighbor

Neighbor

Neighbor

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““BE PREPARED”BE PREPARED”

Review NFPA 1600 checklist Did you prepare for Y2K? Food, Water, Shelter, Medicine, Money? Back up power and lighting? Warmth, cooking? “Shelter in place” at work and school? Rx’s? Copies of Emergency Numbers, Meeting Place

Know resources in the Neighborhood, do you know a “Ham” i.e., Amateur Radio operator

Work is a “function” not a “place,” telecommute? Gas mask? NOAA radio? FRS/GMRS? CB? DHS and Ready.gov, Red Cross, FEMA and other resources Have a plan and rehearse with the family, neighbors, and co-workers,

update lists.

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SummarySummary

ANSI HSSP participants provide the base of expertise and ANSI will continue to rely on them to be active in HSSP workshops and bring key issues/needs to the Panel’s attention

A good deal of progress has been made, but there is much work still to be done

For further information or questions, please visit the ANSI-HSSP website (http://www.ansi.org/hssp) or contact the ANSI-HSSP Secretary, Matt Deane (212-642-4992, mdeane@ansi.org)