Emergence of the Modern West

The State as Sovereign

A war of all against all

Thomas HobbesLeviathan, 1660

“Life is nasty, brutish and short”

I. Reformation of the Radicals, 1530s -

The Democratization of Christianity

A. Geneva and John Calvin

1. The Institutes of the Christian Religion- Predestination: grace is free, but not always accepted

B. The Ghost of John Calvin

1. Problem of Predestination

2. Modern capitalism(?)3. Theocratic Puritanism

Visible Saints“Protestant Work Ethic”

II. Europe at War

A. French Civil War

1. Calvinism (Huguenots)

2. Henry (IV) of Navarre 1572 - “Paris is worth a mass” - Edict of Nantes 1598

B. Hapsburg Hullabaloo

1. Legacy of Charles V- Peace of Augsburg, 1555

2. Revolt of the Netherlands - Philip II (Spain)

- Council of Blood

1566

- Spanish Fury

1576

3. Spanish Armada 1588- Henry VIII Act of Supremacy 1535

- Elizabethan Age 1558-1603

- Protestantism spreads to N. America

C. The 30 Years War 1618-1648

1. Prelude to WWsEngland, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, N. Germany, (France)

v. HRE, Spain, Pope

2. Peace of Westphalia 1648- sovereignty

- End of the Middle Ages

Era of the Nation-State- Church(es) served state

Modernization of government- competition / colonization / science

Enlightenment and Atlantic Revolutions- Liberalism England 1680s

America & France 1770s-90s