Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis

Photo: Leah Bauer, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Bugwood.org, #5473689

Emerald Ash Borer

• Small beetle that feeds on ash trees

• Native to East Asia • 2002: First detection in U.S.

(Detroit, MI) • Has killed tens of millions of

ash trees in U.S. • Threat to:

– Forests – Landscapes – Industry (flooring, furniture,

sporting equipment, etc.) – Tourism

Photos: (Main) - Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org, #1523071; (Inset) - Leah Bauer, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Bugwood.org, #5473689

Emerald ash borer adult

Infested ash tree

Distribution

Map courtesy of Pest Tracker, National Agricultural Pest Information System (NAPIS) and USDA APHIS quarantine

announcements

Established by survey or consensus

Intercepted or detected, but not established

Sampled but not found

Susceptible Plants

• Specific to ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), including:

• green ash

• black ash

• white ash

• pumpkin ash

• blue ash

• Kills stressed and healthy trees

Healthy green ash tree

Photo: Joseph O'Brien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, #5038082

Identification: Eggs

Photos: (Top Left) - Debbie Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, #5449381; (Top Right) - Debbie Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, #5449377; (Bottom) - David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #9009033

Eggs laid on tree bark Eggs are white when first laid, then turn amber

Cluster of eggs

Identification: Larvae

• White and dorso-ventrally flattened

• Visible dark brown mouthparts

• 10 bell-shaped abdominal segments

Dark spines (urogomphi) on posterior tip

Photos: (Main) - David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #1460071; (Inset) - Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org, #5016063

Identification: Overwintering Larvae, Prepupae, and Pupae

Overwintering “J-shaped” larvae or prepupae

Pupa next to pupal chamber in white ash tree

Maturation of J-shaped larvae/prepupae to adult

Pupa in pupal chamber in white ash tree

Photos: (Left) - Houping Liu, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #5449382; (Top Left) - Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org, # 5471795; (Top Right) - Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org, # 5471797; (Bottom) - Debbie Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, # 5449379

Identification: Adults

• Bright, metallic, coppery green color

• Dorsal surface of abdomen is iridescent red

• Serrate antennae, arise from just below the eyes

Photo: David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #2106098 and #2100048 and Eric R. Day, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org , #5382310

Life Cycle

Eggs

Larva

Pupa

Adults

Overwintering Larvae/Prepupae

Photos: (Clockwise from Top) - David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #9009033; Debbie Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, #54493778; Houping Liu, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #5449382; Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org, # 5471797; David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #9009032

Damage

Crown dieback Epicormic shoots Bark splitting

Photos: (Left) - Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org, #1241005; (Center) - Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org, #1523075; (Right) - Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org, #1523071

Larval galleries

D-shaped exit holes

Damage

Woodpecker damage

Photos: (Left) - David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #1372001; (Center) - David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #5110034 and Debbie Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, #5449376; (Right) - Edward Czerwinski, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org, # 1439009

Monitoring and Management

Prevention is critical!

• Monitoring:

Detection of infestation symptoms; use of panel traps

• Cultural control:

Regulation of movement of ash wood materials; removal of infested trees

Photo: Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org, # 5471804

Monitoring and Management

• Chemical control:

Use of trunk injections, soil drenches, protective cover sprays being explored

• Biological control:

Three parasitoid species approved for release in U.S.

Photo: David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #9009080

Trunk injection

Look-alike Species Agrilus macer Temnoscheila virescens

Photos: (Left) - Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org, #5016065 and David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #2100048; (Center) - Mike Quinn, TexasEnto.net, bugguide, (http://bugguide.net/node/view/290204; (Right) - WonGun Kim, bugguide, http://bugguide.net/node/view/259686.

Agrilus planipennis

Look-alike Species Buprestis decora Chrysobothris azurea

Photos: (Left) - Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org, #5016065 and David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org, #2100048 (Center) – Scott Nelson, bugguide, http://bugguide.net/node/view/175260; (Right) -. Joshua P. Basham, http://bugguide.net/node/view/595910.

Agrilus planipennis

Authors

Smriti Bhotika, Ph.D.

Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

Ashley Poplin, M.S.

Graduate Student, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

Editors

Stephanie Stocks, M.S.

Assistant-In, Extension Scientist, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

Matthew D. Smith, Ph.D.

Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

Reviewers

Collaborating Agencies

• U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS)

• Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program (CAPS)

• Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS)

• National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN)

• Sentinel Plant Network (SPN)

• Protect U.S.

• University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS)

Educational Disclaimer and Citation

• This presentation can be used for educational purposes for NON-PROFIT workshops, trainings, etc.

• Citation:

– Bhotika, S.,Ph.D., Poplin, A., M.S., 2014. Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis, March 2014.

References National Agricultural Pest Information System (NAPIS). Purdue University. "Survey Status of Emerald Ash Borer - Agrilus planipennis (All years)." Published: 12/10/2013. http://pest.ceris.purdue.edu/map.php?code=INAHQJA&year=alltime. Accessed: 12/13/2013. Nicolay, A.S. and H.B. Weiss. 1918. “A Review of the Genus Buprestis in North America.” Journal of the New York Entomological Society, col. 26, no. 2. accessed 2/2/2014 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25003805?seq=6 Parsons, G. L. 2008. Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A guide to identification and comparison to similar species. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University. http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/eab_id_guide.pdf Paiero, S.M., M.D. Jackson, A. Jewiss-Gaines, T. Kimoto, B.D. Gill, and S.A. Marshall. 2012. Field Guide to the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) of Northeastern North America. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. access 2/3/2013 – http://www.biodiversityinfocus.com/pdfs/Jewel_Beetle_Field_Guide_English.pdf

References

Skelley, P. E., and M. C. Thomas. Pest alert: Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). FDACS DPI.

http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Plant-Industry-Publications/Pest-Alerts/Emerald-Ash-Borer

Spense, D. and J. Smith. 2011. Emerald ash borer: A potential future threat to ash trees in Florida. EDIS, UF IFAS Extension. Publication # FOR284.

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr346 United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS). 2010. “Emerald ash borer”.

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/emerald_ash_b/background.shtml

USDA-APHIS/ARS/FS. 2012. Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire), biological control release and recover guidelines. USDA-APHIS-ARS-FS, Riverdale, Maryland.

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/documents/EAB-FieldRelease.pdf