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EMECO (European Marine Ecosystem Observatory)
& Western Shelf Observatory
Dave Mills (Cefas) Remi Laane (Deltares)
‘Creating better evidence and new knowledge about our coastal seas’
Question
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
‘To what extent can EMECO contribute to the build of a more integrated European observing system that can serve the needs of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive?’
NERC SOFI Workshop
The problem – policy pull
The evidence must be:– Based on sound science– Underpinned with reliable
quality assured data– Transparent and auditable
(from sensor to advice)– Collected efficiently and
cost effectively– Able to withstand legal
scrutiny
National government needs evidence to meet their international and EU policy obligations
Policy drivers:– OSPAR, HELCOM– Nitrates Directive– Urban Waste Water
Treatment Directive– Water Framework Directive– Birds and Habitats
Directive– MSFD– Others
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Assessment of eutrophicationAssessments challenged
• Infraction proceedings – UWWTD (France, UK)• National assessments – not universally
approved
Why• Differences in
interpretation of policy e.g. eutrophication
• Lack of consistency and coherence
Needs• More & better information
Outcome to 2nd Application OSPAR CP
Problem Area
Non -Problem Area
Potential Problem Area
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
MSFD Descriptors
Desc 1 Biodiversity
Desc 2 Invasive Species
Desc 5 Eutrophication
Desc 8 Contaminants & pollution
Desc 10 Marine Litter
Desc 6 Seafloor
Desc 4 Food Webs
Desc 7 Hydrography
Desc 11 Energy
Desc 3 Commercial species
Desc 9 Fish shellfish hygiene
“The marine environment is a precious heritage that must be protected, restored and treated as such with the ultimate aim of providing biologically diverse and dynamic oceans and seas that are safe, clean, healthy and productive.”
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Marine Framework Strategy Directive
Policy (and science) questions• “Good Environmental Status”• What indicators – cause and effect• Reference conditions, assessment methods• Setting assessments into context,
distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural causes of measured changes to ecosystem
• Ecosystem based approach• Cross boundary – assessment at the right
scale• Physics to fish• Monitoring and assessment sustained for
time scale of requirements - decades
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
• 100m & 1.4 billion € spent on monitoring in UK & EU
• Pressure to reduce costs• Pressure for openness,
accountability, sharing and access
• New observational strategies, tools, & technologies
• Many players with diverse ‘systems’ – no common ‘language’
• Partnership & collaboration the way forward
The case for change !
Ferries
Satellites
Research vessels
Gliders
Buoys
Models
Towed bodies
CPR
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
The science (& technology) push
• Most marine observatories science lead– Hypothesis driven, technology driven– Short term (R&D) funding and goals– Policy uptake an afterthought– Spatial scale relevant to science question
• Primarily science driven papers at ESF observatories meeting
• Thrust of that meeting was observatories for science not for policy !
• Avoid the ‘solution’ in search of a ‘problem’
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Oct-00 Jun-01 Feb-02 Oct-02 Jun-03 Feb-04 Oct-04 Jun-05
TO
XN
( M
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
NAS TOXN
WMS TOXN
CTD toxn
WMS SILICA
CTD Si
Liverpool BayLivBay
4°W
4°W
3°W
3°W
53°N 53°N
54°N 54°N
3/5
Integrated monitoringIntegrated monitoring
R.V. Cefas Endeavour
Traditional approach
Autonomous data Autonomous data buoysbuoys
Cefas SmartBuoys
Remote sensing
CPR
Data poor to data rich
Numerical models
Data rich to information rich
Integrated approach
SmartBuoys
Ferries
FerryBox
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Integrated assessments
WHY• Efficient use of
resources• Strengthen the
evidence base• Reduce
uncertainty• Add confidence
to assessments• Assessments
able to withstand legal scrutiny
Ass
ess
men
t vari
ab
leThreshold
Above line +
Below line -
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO Stakeholder Engagement
• User generated maps
• ‘Agreed’ international map of chlorophyll
• Transparent information product with estimate of confidence
• Step towards EU harmonisation
Towards a Data Integration & Assessment System
Building the partnerships…
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO – NOOSNorth Sea
Observatory meeting Lowestoft
June 2009
Western Shelf Observatory
Kick-Off meetingAFBI, Belfast June
2010
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO - European Marine Ecosystem Observatory
UK-Cefas, EA, NOC, SAHFOS; NL-Rijkswaterstaat, Deltares, NIOZ, Norway-IMR, NERSC, Met Off; DE-GKSS, BSH, BE – MUMM, F – IFREMER, RoE – Marine Institute, Denmark – NIVA; S - SMHI
• Builds on existing infrastructure
• Multi-scale – time & space• Supports Ecosystem
Based Management• Promotes interoperability• Anticipates EU current &
future policy needs MSFD
EMECO is a an informal European network for integration of monitoring, modelling & research.
www.emecogroup.org
Creating better evidence and new knowledge
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO - Western Shelf Observatory
(www.westernshelfobservatory.org)
‘ The EMECO Western Shelf Observatory is an integrated programme of sustained marine observing systems that will improve knowledge and understanding of marine ecosystems. It will strengthen the evidence base for environmental assessments, underpin future research, increase uptake of marine data and information and address gaps in current marine monitoring, modelling and research.’
Partner Programmes• Western Channel Observatory• Irish Sea Observatory• Ship survey, inshore buoy
network, offshore mooring (AFBI)
• Cefas SmartBuoy and Wavenet• Irish (MI) monitoring programme
- instrumenting met buoys• Ellet Line, Tiree mooring• Marine Scotland monitoring• CPR routes• FerryBox lines• PAP Eurosites mooring
NERC SOFI Workshop
EMECO – WSO Science questions• To what extent is the carrying capacity of European shelf
seas determined by exchange of nutrients across the shelf
• Is the outcome to environmental assessments (e.g. eutrophication) influenced by shelf-edge processes
• To what extent is ecosystem health (structure and vigour) in the inner shelf regions influenced by shelf edge processes
• How will this far field forcing be influenced by climate change
• How will understanding of these interactions influence environmental assessments of inner shelf regions and advice to policy end users?
• Can we use the new observations to better determine background and therefore reference conditions for environmental assessments of our shelf seas.
NERC SOFI Workshop
EMECO - Western Shelf Observatory
Map Room
An exercise in scaling !
(www.westernshelfobservatory.org)
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO – Information & evidence pipeline
ICESDelayed mode
EM
EC
O D
atatoo
l Interface
EMECOAssessment
database
EM
EC
O U
ser Qu
ery
DataXML, CSV
EMECO Web – enabled Datatools
Assessment map
KML–Google EarthCalibration
Validation
Gridded data
Real time
CPR Delayed mode QA’d
Data
Marine Core Service Provision
Delayed mode
Delayed mode
Data ArchiveCentres
UK
Real time & delayed mode
Time-series/trends
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
EMECO – Information & evidence pipeline
ICESDelayed mode
EM
EC
O D
atatoo
l Interface
EMECOAssessment
database
EM
EC
O U
ser Qu
ery
DataXML, CSV
EMECO Web – enabled Datatools
Assessment map
Time-series
KML–Google Earth
Calibration
Validation
Gridded data
Data ArchiveCentres
Real time
CPR Delayed mode QA’d
Data
Marine Core Service Provision
Delayed mode
Delayed mode
A streamlined ‘on-line’ assessment system that:-“enables rapid integration and assessment of
multi-national, multi-agency multi-platform, and multi-variate data”
UK
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
An integrated monitoring & assessment system for the North Sea - Objectives
To consolidate a North Sea Observatory to provide a network of routine measurements of biological, chemical and physical variables encompassing ships, moorings, ships of opportunity, satellites and modelling.
To improve coordination and efficiency of current operational programmes to include promoting interoperability of sustained observations in the observatory between partners.
To develop a shared vision and strategy between funders of sustained observations and monitoring programmes by engagement at a national and European level
To ensure the observatory includes all the relevant partners
To demonstrate that the North Sea Observatory can make a positive difference: by improving marine scientific evidence and creating new knowledge
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
How do we do it• Prepare costed proposal to EMODNET• Tasks
– Build on detailed review of current monitoring and sustained observing programmes e.g. EEA GISC-GMES report and other prior work (EuroGOOS, EDIOS, OOS’s)
• What observations, where, who, why• Current costs• Assess level of interoperability
– Agree requirements• Better scientific evidence – at the scale of policy need• New knowledge• Stakeholder engagement
– Develop agreed plan to meet needs• Fill gaps
– Identify new products• Further develop EMECO datatools
Clarity about information needs is critical !
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
How do we do it• How
– Workshop - bringing key policy, science, monitoring community together for each country
– User requirement analysis – what do we need to measure, where, how,
– Interoperability survey and gap analysis• Resources
– Approx 50k € for proposal preparation– 250 – 300k € for delivery of proposal– 1 year– Planning and implementation group
• Outcome (Report)– Detailed knowledge of monitoring in North Sea (both policy and
science driven)– Clarity about costs– User needs assessment – policy and science (evidence and
knowledge)– Strategic (and costed) plan to address gaps– Engage (stakeholders) to sustain !
NERC SOFI Workshop
Smart BuoySmart Buoy
WNWN
CPR eCPR e
Fish TagFish Tag
Other sitesOther sites
DowsingDowsing
WarpWarp
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
CPR Route 1CPR Route 1
CPR Route 2CPR Route 2
CPR Route …CPR Route …
Bottom LanderBottom Lander
NodesNodes
Fish Vess 1Fish Vess 1 Fish Vess 2Fish Vess 2
VesselVessel
SatellitesSatellites
UK Integrated Observatories e-Infrastructure
Fish Vessel
FV
CPRFB Endeavour
Observing systemObserving system
Sensor
WCOISO
GMES
ModelsModels
ICES
FBFB
Cefas
Mon NetMon Net
NOCFBFB
PAPPAP
AFBI
BuoysBuoys
RV surveyRV survey
DAC - Fish DAC - Fish
DAC - MermanDAC - Merman
DAC – Oceanog.DAC – Oceanog.
MEDIN
Community Hub
GIS
EMECO
DAC – SpeciesDAC – Species
DAC – BathyDAC – Bathy
DAC
Services
MarSc
NERC SOFI Workshop
Smart BuoySmart Buoy
WNWN
CPR eCPR e
Fish TagFish Tag
Other sitesOther sites
DowsingDowsing
WarpWarp
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
NodesNodes
CPR Route 1CPR Route 1
CPR Route 2CPR Route 2
CPR Route …CPR Route …
Bottom LanderBottom Lander
NodesNodes
Fish Vess 1Fish Vess 1 Fish Vess 2Fish Vess 2
VesselVessel
SatellitesSatellites
Fish Vessel
FV
CPRFB Endeavour
Observing systemObserving system
Sensor
WCOISO
GMES
ModelsModels
ICES
FBFB
Cefas
Mon NetMon Net
NOCFBFB
PAPPAP
AFBI
BuoysBuoysRV surveyRV survey
DAC - Fish DAC - Fish
DAC - MermanDAC - Merman
DAC – Oceanog.DAC – Oceanog.
DAC – SpeciesDAC – Species
DAC – BathyDAC – Bathy
DAC
MarSc
Tools & Services
• Data discovery• Data catalogue
• Mashup tools
• Community models• GIS/Mapping tools
• Auto cal/val
UK Integrated Observatories e-Infrastructure
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Marine Information and Evidence Pipeline
Datato
ol In
terface
Assessmentdatabase
User Q
uery
DataXML, CSV
Assessment map
Time-series/trends
KML–Google Earth
Gridded data
Sea Level
Ocean Color
SST
Sea Ice & Wind
In Situ
Physics
Chemistry
Geology
Biology
Bathymetry
Ur-EMODNET Lots
GMES MCS TAC
CPR
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Marine Information and Evidence Pipeline
Datato
ol In
terface
Assessmentdatabase
User Q
uery
DataXML, CSV
Assessment map
Time-series/trends
KML–Google Earth
Gridded data
Sea Level
Ocean Color
SST
Sea Ice & Wind
In Situ
Physics
Chemistry
Geology
Biology
Bathymetry
Ur-EMODNET Lots
GMES MCS TAC
CPR
A WISE Move !
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Summary• Major challenges to address
– Better evidence – policy pull– New knowledge – science push– How do we align ?
• Pressure on resources (UK up to 30% budget reductions)
• Do more with less • Quick wins
– Build on progress, modernisation, make best use of all resources, engage to sustain
• EMODNET can play a key role in meeting the challenge.
• And the answer to the question……..
‘To what extent can EMECO contribute to the build of a more integrated European observing system that can serve the needs of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive?’
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
• EMECO already hold the vision of why the community needs to work together – To meet EU policy evidence needs– To address key science question with a strong policy relevance– To make a difference !
• Addressing the challenge – From physics to fish - an ECOSYSTEM observatory– Building partnerships at the spatial (regional) scale required for
policy delivery– Build an open and transparent ‘integration and assessment
system’ to meet policy needs
• EMECO provides a solution to a problem – not a homeless solution!
Integrating physical, chemical and biological data
• What does it mean
• What does it entail
• How does it serve the needs of the MSFD
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
What does it mean• The act of combining parts to make a
unified and harmonious whole.– The parts are things that we measure (or
simulate)– At what point do you combine the parts data
and in what order– Combining same data for same variable
• Measured using same method/platform
• Measured using different methods/platform
• Disparate in time and space
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
What does it entail
• Depends on requirements !• Demonstrate intercomparability –
intercalibration– Does same method use by different, people,
laboratories give an acceptable level of agreement
• When do we do it in the work flow• Render data into same format (e.g. XML)• Integrating across time and space scales
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
Why do we want to integrate
• Science (better knowledge)– Want to understand relationships between
bits
• Policy (better evidence)– Increasing pool of data for assessment may
lead to an increase in confidence – Assessment methodology – we have to do it
to meet end-user needs
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010
But what’s the real reason?
• The world is unity – when we measure it we break it into bits or parts
• In order to understand it we reassemble (integrate) those bits (according to theory)
• So integration is required to understand the world ie to interpret what the bits mean when joined together
• Important to do this in an open and transparent way !
Marine Infrastructures, Brussels, Dec 2010