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Embrapa in Africa: examples of successes
Embrapa in Africa: examples of successes
Erich SchaitzaEmbrapa Africa - Gana
Erich SchaitzaEmbrapa Africa - Gana
Brazilian Agriculture
Food, fibers and energy production
*Presentation slides updated in October 2011.
Brazil
Area
Preservation
Urban areas
Agriculture
Areas to expand
(available)
Million (km2)
8.5
4.6
0.2
2.7
1.0
%
100
54
2
31
12
Brazilian Agriculture
Brazil’s annual agricultural production (million tons)
Grains 200
Meats 25
Fruits 41
Brazil
» 2nd largest world exporter
» Largest world exporter of beef, coffee, sugar, orange juice and poultry in 2010
Source: IBGE, Conab and MDIC.
Contribution of Agriculture
28% GDP
37% Labour
42% Exports
Commercial agriculture
Source: Ministry of Agrarian Development
Pho
to: C
láud
io M
orõe
s
» Cassava.......87%
» Milk...............58%
» Beans.............70%
» Beef..........30%
» Poultry..... 50%
» Corn........ 46%
» Pork...... 59%
» Rice......... 34%
Contribution of Family Farming
Brazilian Agriculture
» Farming area: 106.8 million hectares
» 12 million producers (1/3 of them are women)
» 24% of agricultural area
» 84% of land owners in Brazil
New Agricultural Challenges
» Sustainable increase in agricultural production for food and energy
Use of degraded areas
Management of rain forests
» Climate Change
Cultivars adaptation to new
diseases, drought etc.
Water in agriculture
Brazilian Agriculture
Growth of Agricultural Productivity - Grains
Grain production/area (million tons & ha)
154,20
48,86
3.156
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
1976
/77
1977
/78
1978
/79
1979
/80
1980
/81
1981
/82
1982
/83
1983
/84
1984
/85
1985
/86
1986
/87
1987
/88
1988
/89
1989
/90
1990
/91
1991
/92
1992
/93
1993
/94
1994
/95
1995
/96
1996
/97
1997
/98
1998
/99
1999
/00
2000
/01
2001
/02
2002
/03
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
2009
/11
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Pro
du
ctio
n (m
illio
n t
on
s) a
nd
area
(m
illio
n h
a)
Production (million tons) Area (million ha) Yield (kg/ha)
+ 228%Variation, 1976/77 to 2010/11 + 31% + 151%
Source: Conab.
2010
/11
Embrapa
Mission
To design research, development and innovation solutions for the sustainability of agriculture for the benefit of the Brazilian society.
Institutional Profile
» Established in 1973
» ~9,800 employees
» ~2,400 researchers
» ~2,000 PhD researchers
» 47 Research Centers and Services
» International Cooperation: Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa
» Yearly Budget: US$ 1.1 billion (before this year)
Offices abroad
• Washington• Londres• Julich• Montpellier• Seul• Xangai• Tokyo
• Caracas• Panama
•Accra–2006–2008
Research is an importante part of change but it is not the main driving force
• Farmers are central, they are the ones that promote changes• Farmers organization in cooperatives or associations is key to
development• Credit pulls farmer actions• Extension teaches farmers how to do• Market organization gives money to farmers• Value chain suppliers (equipment, fertilizers, engineering etc)
transform research results into innovation• Research supports extension explaining why they should do
things and by being ready to solve problems• New actors are playing with agriculturists: water supply and
energy companies, banks, urban people etc.
A single country, many different situations and a diversified agriculture
• 26 states, each one with the size of a country
• Opportunity to cooperate with States and not only with Brazil
• Southern Brazil• Cerrado in Southeast and Central • Amazon forest• The semi-arid
Some contrasts of Brazilian and African agriculture
• Africa is enormous and very diverse. It is difficult to talk about a collective Africa, but ...
• In Subsaharian Africa:– Many very small farmers– Tribal land tenure– Low tech– Subsistence– Low integration and non-structured markets– Losses and post harvest problems– Some few large companies
• Scale of production• Language barrier
• Credit• Vocational education• Extension:
• public and private• Organization of producers:
• Cooperatives and verticalization• Integration of value chain actors
• Integration of production: corn+chicken• Market organization:
• Use of government purchase power (as presented by FAO-BR)
International projects
• Technical cooperation – Demand driven– Negotiated by the Brazilian Agency of
Cooperation (ABC)
• Scientific cooperation– Common interest
• Projects of national interest• Hired research (almost never happens)• “Pirate” projects - informal
Some examples of success and failures
• Africa Brazil Agricultural Innovation Market Place:– Innoculant for cowpea in Ghana– Napier grass in Ethiopia
• Cotton 4 (Chad, Burkina, Mali and Benin) now growing to Cotton 4 plus Togo and being replicated in East and Southern Africa
• The wolf and the goats in Ethiopia• Grants for graduate and postgraduate studies in Brazil• Examples from private sector:
– Cashew, rice, forests for energy and Kikapu silo
The case of forages in Brazil and Africa:Not a success, not a failure, but a good
perspective to the future
• Forages in a project under preparation by CIAT and 8 countries
• South-South cooperation financed by Canada
• Africa is the origin of the main grasses of Brazil
• African grasses in Brazil have very high yield
• Can we grow together and benefit from biodiversity and high yield?
Scientific colaboration
• Africa-Brazil Agricultural Innovation Market Place;
• One annual call for projects;• 40 to 50 projects with activities;• From development of cultivars or vaccines
to new equipment and processes
Ghana• Innoculants for cowpea (SARI)• Innoculants for ground nut (SARI)• Cultivation of edible mushrooms (FRI)• Tools to plant and harvest cassava (CRI)• Agric residue as feedstock to fishes (CRI)• Industrialization of the cashew apple (FRI)• Development of a stove to substitute the cold-pan
in cooking and to produce biochar (University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani)
• Alimentary safety of small ruminants during dry seasons (UN University)
