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EMB - 145. Limitations Updated: 06/07/05 Send comments/suggestions to [email protected]. Required Crew. 2 Pilots. The EMB-145 is certified in the transport category in the following conditions:. Day, Night, Visual, Instrument, Icing. Operational temperature limits:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EMB - 145EMB - 145
LimitationsLimitationsUpdated: 06/07/05Updated: 06/07/05
Send comments/suggestions to Send comments/suggestions to [email protected]@valeriaviation.com
Required CrewRequired Crew
2 Pilots2 Pilots
The EMB-145 is The EMB-145 is certified in the certified in the
transport category in transport category in the following the following conditions:conditions:
Day, Night, Visual, Day, Night, Visual, Instrument, Icing.Instrument, Icing.
Operational Operational temperature temperature
limits:limits:
-54-54ººC, 52C, 52ººCC
Takeoffs and Takeoffs and Landings are Landings are
limited to:limited to:
Paved runway Paved runway surfacessurfaces
Max temperature Max temperature for aircraft is: for aircraft is:
ISA + 35ISA + 35º Cº C
Minimum takeoff Minimum takeoff pressure altitude. pressure altitude.
-1000-1000
Maximum takeoff Maximum takeoff & landing & landing
pressure altitude pressure altitude (ER/LR). (ER/LR).
80008000
Maximum takeoff Maximum takeoff & landing & landing
pressure altitude pressure altitude (XR). (XR).
10,00010,000
Min/Max. SAT at Min/Max. SAT at FL370 FL370
-65-65ºC, -21.5ºCºC, -21.5ºC
Min/Max. SAT for Min/Max. SAT for takeoff:takeoff:
-40-40ºC, 52ºCºC, 52ºC
Max runway Max runway slope:slope:
± 2% of runway ± 2% of runway lengthlength
Max. tailwind:Max. tailwind:
10 Kts10 Kts
TAT above FL 250 TAT above FL 250 is limited to:is limited to:
- 45º C- 45º C
MX inspection MX inspection needed when needed when landing below:landing below:
- 40º C- 40º C
Vlo for Vlo for retraction/extensiretraction/extensi
onon
200 KIAS / 250 200 KIAS / 250 KIASKIAS
Vle:Vle:
250 KIAS250 KIAS
Va:Va:
200 KIAS200 KIAS
Max flap ext. Max flap ext. speed for flaps 9:speed for flaps 9:
250 KIAS250 KIAS
Max flap ext. Max flap ext. speed for flaps speed for flaps
18:18:
200 KIAS200 KIAS
Max flap ext. Max flap ext. speed for flaps speed for flaps
22:22:
200 KIAS200 KIAS
Max flap ext. Max flap ext. speed for flaps speed for flaps
45:45:
145 KIAS145 KIAS
Max flap ext. Max flap ext. speed for flaps 45 speed for flaps 45
XR:XR:
160 KIAS160 KIAS
When flaps are fully When flaps are fully extended to 45 degrees, extended to 45 degrees,
momentary airspeed momentary airspeed deviations up to ___ are deviations up to ___ are
allowed:allowed:
155 Kt155 Kt
Above 10,000’ with YD Above 10,000’ with YD disengaged, max speed disengaged, max speed
for flaps 22 (XR)for flaps 22 (XR)
180 KIAS180 KIAS
Above 10,000’ with YD Above 10,000’ with YD disengaged, max speed disengaged, max speed
for flaps 45 (XR)for flaps 45 (XR)
145 KIAS145 KIAS
Max Max demonstrated demonstrated
crosswind:crosswind:
30 Kt30 Kt
Max. airspeed Max. airspeed after after
takeoff/climb takeoff/climb without retriming:without retriming:
160 KIAS160 KIAS
Max airspeed for turbulent Max airspeed for turbulent air penetration below air penetration below
10,000’10,000’
200 KIAS200 KIAS
Max airspeed for turbulent Max airspeed for turbulent air penetration below air penetration below 10,000’ 200 KIAS 10,000’ 200 KIAS and and
above 10,000’:above 10,000’:
250 KIAS or M .63 250 KIAS or M .63 whichever is lowerwhichever is lower
Max. windshield Max. windshield wiper operating wiper operating
speed:speed:
170 KIAS170 KIAS
Do not operate Do not operate windshield wiper: windshield wiper:
On a dry On a dry windshieldwindshield
Max. imbalance Max. imbalance allowed between allowed between
tanks:tanks:
800 lb800 lb
Adopted fuel Adopted fuel density:density:
6.767 lb/gal6.767 lb/gal
The Min/Max fuel The Min/Max fuel tank temperature tank temperature
is:is:
-40ºC, 52ºC-40ºC, 52ºC
Max N1Max N1
100%100%
Min and Max N2 Min and Max N2 (ER/LR)(ER/LR)
57%, 102.5%57%, 102.5%
Min and Max N2 Min and Max N2 (XR)(XR)
54%, 103.8%, 54%, 103.8%, 105% Fadec B8.0105% Fadec B8.0
Min and Max Oil Min and Max Oil Pressure (< 88%) Pressure (< 88%)
N2) pre Fadec N2) pre Fadec B7.6:B7.6:
34, 95 psi34, 95 psi
Min and Max Oil Min and Max Oil Pressure (< 88%) Pressure (< 88%)
N2) Fadec >= N2) Fadec >= B7.6:B7.6:
34, 110 psi34, 110 psi
Max oil pressure Max oil pressure all operating all operating
modes:modes:115 psi115 psi
Max oil pressure Max oil pressure all operating all operating
modes 115 psi for modes 115 psi for up to:up to:
5 minutes5 minutes
Max oil pressure Max oil pressure all operating all operating
modes 115 psi for modes 115 psi for up to 5 minutes up to 5 minutes
and __:and __:155 psi155 psi
Max oil pressure Max oil pressure all operating all operating
modes 115 psi for modes 115 psi for up to 5 minutes up to 5 minutes
and 155 psi up to and 155 psi up to ::2 mintes2 mintes
The Min and Max Oil The Min and Max Oil Pressure (< 88%) N2, may Pressure (< 88%) N2, may be exceeded during starts be exceeded during starts
so long as the engine so long as the engine remains at idle and the oil remains at idle and the oil
temp is below:temp is below:
21º C21º C
The engine must remain at The engine must remain at ____ until the oil pressure ____ until the oil pressure
is less than __ PSI for is less than __ PSI for Fadec < B7.6.Fadec < B7.6.
IdleIdle
The engine must remain at The engine must remain at Idle until the oil pressure is Idle until the oil pressure is less than __ PSI for Fadec less than __ PSI for Fadec
< B7.6.< B7.6.
9595
The engine must remain at The engine must remain at Idle until the oil pressure is Idle until the oil pressure is
less than __ PSI for less than __ PSI for Fadec=> B7.6.Fadec=> B7.6.
110110
Min/Max Oil Pressure (=> Min/Max Oil Pressure (=> 88% N2) ER/LR:88% N2) ER/LR:
50, 95 50, 95 psi/110psi(>B7.6)psi/110psi(>B7.6)
Min/Max Oil Pressure (=> Min/Max Oil Pressure (=> 88% N2) XR:88% N2) XR:
48, 95 48, 95 psi/110psi(>B7.6)psi/110psi(>B7.6)
Min/Max Oil Min/Max Oil Temp:Temp:
21ºC, 126ºC21ºC, 126ºC
To Increase N2 to 83%, oil To Increase N2 to 83%, oil temperature must be at temperature must be at
least:least:
40ºC40ºC
To Increase N2 to 83%, oil To Increase N2 to 83%, oil temperature must be at temperature must be at least 40least 40ºC. In lieu of this ºC. In lieu of this limit either run the engine limit either run the engine
for at least for at least : :
8 min.8 min.
To Increase N2 to 83%, oil To Increase N2 to 83%, oil temperature must be at temperature must be at least 40least 40ºC. In lieu of this ºC. In lieu of this limit either run the engine limit either run the engine for at least 8 min. or do a for at least 8 min. or do a
static runup to static runup to : :
88% N288% N2
To Increase N2 to 83%, oil To Increase N2 to 83%, oil temperature must be at temperature must be at least 40least 40ºC. In lieu of this ºC. In lieu of this limit either run the engine limit either run the engine for at least 8 min. or do a for at least 8 min. or do a static runup to 88% N2, static runup to 88% N2, stabalize engines, and stabalize engines, and
ensure oil pressure <= ensure oil pressure <= : :
83 psi83 psi
A1E – oil pressure A1E – oil pressure between 34 and between 34 and
48 psi is 48 psi is permitted for a permitted for a
max of: max of: 5 min.5 min.
Max ITT for Start:Max ITT for Start:
800ºC800ºC
Max ITT for Start Max ITT for Start 800800ºC A1E may ºC A1E may be exceeded for be exceeded for
up to up to ::
5 seconds5 seconds
Max ITT for Start Max ITT for Start 800800ºC A1E may ºC A1E may be exceeded for be exceeded for up to 5 seconds up to 5 seconds to a max temp to a max temp
of of ::850ºC850ºC
Max ITT for Max ITT for Takeoff Takeoff A1E A1E ::
992ºC992ºC
Max ITT for Max ITT for Takeoff Takeoff A1E A1E 992°C for __ 992°C for __
secondsseconds::
9090
Max ITT for Max ITT for Takeoff Takeoff A1E temp A1E temp
for 5 minutesfor 5 minutes::
970°C970°C
LP and HP spool LP and HP spool may be exceeded may be exceeded
during take off during take off and go around up and go around up
to to
2.5 IPS2.5 IPS
LP and HP spool LP and HP spool may be exceeded may be exceeded
during take off during take off and go around up and go around up
to 2.5 IPS forto 2.5 IPS for
5 minutes5 minutes
LP and HP spool LP and HP spool may be exceeded may be exceeded in flight up to 2.5 in flight up to 2.5
IPS for IPS for
10 seconds10 seconds
A1E – max N2 for A1E – max N2 for engine airstart: engine airstart:
56%56%
Dry motoring Dry motoring continuous continuous operation _ operation _ minutes on minutes on
5 minutes5 minutes
Dry motoring Dry motoring continuous continuous operation 5 operation 5
minutes on _ minutes on _ minutes off. minutes off. 20 minutes20 minutes
Starting cycle – Starting cycle – first to fourth: first to fourth:
1 minute on, then 1 minute on, then 1 minute off.1 minute off.
Starting cycle – Starting cycle – first to fourth: first to fourth: 1 1
minute on, then 1 minute on, then 1 minute off. For minute off. For
fifth cycle:fifth cycle: 1 minute on, then 1 minute on, then 20 minute off.20 minute off.
After start the engines After start the engines must run at idle or taxi must run at idle or taxi thrust for __ minutes for thrust for __ minutes for
cold engines cold engines
4 minutes4 minutes
After start the engines After start the engines must run at idle or taxi must run at idle or taxi thrust for 4 minutes for thrust for 4 minutes for
cold engines or _ minutes cold engines or _ minutes for warm engines.for warm engines.
2 minutes2 minutes
Engine is Engine is considered cold if considered cold if it has been shut it has been shut down for more down for more
than than 90 minutes90 minutes
Engines must run Engines must run for at least _ for at least _
minute(s) at idle minute(s) at idle or taxi thrust or taxi thrust
before shutdown.before shutdown.
1 minute1 minute
Max altitude for Max altitude for starting APU is starting APU is
FL 300FL 300
APU EGT may APU EGT may exceed ___exceed ___
680ºC680ºC
APU EGT may be APU EGT may be exceed 680exceed 680ºCºC up up
to ___to ___
717ºC717ºC
APU EGT may be APU EGT may be exceed 680exceed 680ºCºC up up
to 717to 717°C for a °C for a maximum of __ maximum of __
minutes.minutes.55
Max operational Max operational altitude for APU isaltitude for APU is
FL 370FL 370
The APU will The APU will automatically automatically
shut down at ___shut down at ___% rotor speed.% rotor speed.
104%104%
Min battery temp Min battery temp for APU start: for APU start:
-20ºC-20ºC
Start cycle for the Start cycle for the APU: 1APU: 1stst/2/2ndnd attempt attempt
then 1 min. offthen 1 min. off
Start cycle for the Start cycle for the APU: 1APU: 1stst/2/2ndnd
attempt attempt then 1 then 1 min. off. Third min. off. Third attempt thenattempt then::
30 min. off30 min. off
Max load APU Max load APU gen. Above FL gen. Above FL
300300
300 A300 A
Min AP Min AP engagement engagement height is: height is:
500 ft500 ft
AP AP disengagement disengagement height is ___ for height is ___ for
Cat II Cat II
50 ft50 ft
AP AP disengagement disengagement
height is 50 ft for height is 50 ft for Cat II, ___ for Cat Cat II, ___ for Cat
II 200 ft200 ft
AP AP disengagement disengagement
height is 50 ft for height is 50 ft for Cat II, 200ft for Cat II, 200ft for
Cat ICat I, ___ for , ___ for VisualVisual 200 ft200 ft
AP disengagement AP disengagement height is 50 ft for Cat height is 50 ft for Cat II, 200 ft for Cat III, 200 ft for Cat I, 200 , 200 ft for Visualft for Visual and ______ and ______
for non-precisionfor non-precision
Before leaving Before leaving MDAMDA
Max altitude for Max altitude for flap extension:flap extension:
FL 200FL 200
Max differential Max differential pressure: pressure:
7.8 psi7.8 psi
Max differential Max differential over pressure: over pressure:
8.1 psi8.1 psi
Max differential Max differential negative negative
pressure: pressure:
-.3 psi-.3 psi
Min temp for anti-Min temp for anti-ice operation: ice operation:
-40ºC-40ºC
Max temp for Max temp for anti-ice anti-ice
operation: operation:
10ºC10ºC
Holding configuration in Holding configuration in icing: Landing Gear __icing: Landing Gear __
upup
Holding configuration in Holding configuration in icing: Landing Gear up, icing: Landing Gear up,
FlapsFlaps
0º0º
Holding configuration in Holding configuration in icing: Landing Gear up, icing: Landing Gear up, Flaps 0Flaps 0º, min airspeed º, min airspeed
200 KIAS200 KIAS
Minimum oil temp Minimum oil temp for starting:for starting:
-40ºC-40ºC
Approach mode can be Approach mode can be selected within __ degrees selected within __ degrees
of front course of front course
9090
Approach mode can be Approach mode can be selected within 90 degrees selected within 90 degrees of front course and within of front course and within __ degrees of back course__ degrees of back course
7070
Single engine approach Single engine approach and missed approach is and missed approach is
_____ with autopilot _____ with autopilot engaged.engaged.
prohibitedprohibited
Max ISIS duration when Max ISIS duration when operating on batteries is operating on batteries is
__ min.__ min.
4040
Max ISIS duration when Max ISIS duration when operating on batteries is operating on batteries is
40 min. May be extend to 40 min. May be extend to __ min. if pitot 3 is turned __ min. if pitot 3 is turned
off.off.
4545