EMB-02 Overview uC Components

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EMB - AVRwww.protussystems.com

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Parts of a GP Computer(Microcomputer)

Contains separate

Microprocesor(s)

Memory Peripheral

(I/O) devicHW

serialport paralle

port USB

port


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IntroducingMicrocontrollers

A microprocessor is a central processing unit(CPU) on a single chip.

When a microprocessor and associatedsupport circuitry, peripheral I/O componentsand memory (program as well as data) wereput together to form a small computer

specifically for data acquisition and controlapplications, it was called a microcomputer.


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IntroducingMicrocontrollers

When the components that make amicrocomputer were put together on a singlechip of silicon, it was called the microcontroller.


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Microcontrollers


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Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level

Third level Fourth level

Fifth level

A microcontroller

interfaces to externaldevices with a


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How does a Microcomputer

differ from a Microcontroller?


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Protus motherboard


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How does a Microcomputerdiffer from a Microcontroller?

Microcontroller

1-chip solution (monolithic)

Built-in components (depending on variant) Microprocessor

Memory: RAM/SRAM, EEPROM/EPROM/PROM/ROM

Peripheral devices

serial/parallel ports

digital I/O ports

Analog/Digital converter

Timer/Counter


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Inside an IC package

CS-280Dr. Mark L. Hornick

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Inside an IC package


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Fifth level


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What does AVR RISC mean?

The acronym AVR has been reported to stand for:

Advanced Virtual RISC and also for the chip's designers:

Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan who designed the basic

architecture at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

RISC stands forreduced instruction set computer.

CPU design with a reduced instruction set as well as a

simpler set ofinstructions (like for example PIC and AVR)


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_design


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A little history

The PIC (Programmable Interrupt Controller) appeared around 1980.

8 bit bus

executes 1 instruction in 4 clk cycles

Harvard architecture

AVR (1994)

8 bit bus

one instruction per cycle



1111


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AVR 8-Bit RISC High Performance

True single cycle execution

single-clock-cycle-per-instruction execution

PIC microcontrollers take 4 clock cycles per instruction

One MIPS (mega instructions per second) per MHz

up to 20 MHz clock

32 general purpose registers

provide flexibility and performance when using high level languages

prevents access to RAM


separate bus for program and data memory


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AVR 8-Bit RISC Low PowerConsumption

1.8 to 5.5V operation

will use all the energy stored in your batteries

A variety of sleep modes

AVR Flash microcontrollers have up to sixdifferent sleep modes

fast wake-up from sleep modes

Software controlled frequency


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AVR 8-Bit RISC Compatibility

AVR Flash microcontrollers share a single corearchitecture

use the same code for all families

1 Kbytes to 256 Kbytes of code

8 to 100 pins

all devices haveInternal oscillators

EMB - AVREMB - AVR

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AVR

Modern RISC architecture: Compact and FAST.

Tuned for high level languages.

Consistent architecture across entire line.

Small AVR are subsets of larger chips: Same hardware and code

works across all chips.

I/O structure reduces need for external components.

Flash based, ultra trivial downloading of code.


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AVR RISC Architecture

Single Cycle Instructions: 8mhz = 8mips.

Large register file (32).

Every register an accumulator.

3 index register pairs

Register & IO are mapped in SRAM space.


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Typical Hardware Support

Internal or External Oscillator/Clock

Brown Out Detector

One or more timers

Two or more PWM

One or more USART

I2C


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Tools

Atmel Studio: IDE & Simulator/debugger.

BASCOM: Basic compiler & IDE with programmer.

GNU C compiler (free, very high quality).

Third party C compilers vary from cheap to very expensive.

FLASH programmers are trivial to make.


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Typical Hardware Support

t Real time clock

t 10bit ADC

t Analog Comparator

t External interrupts

t Pulse timing capture

t EEPROM

t USB/CAN/RF


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AVR Architecture


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Fifth level


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Atmel Atmega32l Central Processing Unit

l Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)performs the actual arithmetic,logical, and bit-functions

l Memory SRAM, EEPROM,Flash, etc.

l Clock circuit internal/external

l I/O Input/Output; video, serial,parallel, USB, SCSI, etc.


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EMB - AVRwww protussystems com

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Atmel Atmega32 highlights

An 8-bit microcontroller

Native data size is 1 byte

16-bit data addressing

Up to 64 kB data memory can be accessed

3 separate on-chip memories (Harvard architecture)

2KB SRAM (for data)

1KB EEPROM (for persistent data storage)

32KB Flash organized in 16-bit words (16KWords) for program code

I/O ports A-DDigital input, output

Analog input

Serial/Parallel

Pulse accumulator

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EMB-02 Overview uC Components